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Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”

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PubMed1995

[Compulsion in psychiatry].

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Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Induction of depersonalization by the serotonin agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine.

Sixty-seven subjects, including normal volunteers and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, and borderline personality disorder, received ratings of depersonalization after double-blind, placebo-controlled challenges with the partial serotonin agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). Challenge with m-CPP induced depersonalization significantly more than did placebo. Subjects who became depersonalized did not differ in age, sex, or diagnosis from those who did not experience depersonalization. There was a significant correlation between the induction of depersonalization and increase in panic, but not nervousness, anxiety, sadness, depression, or drowsiness. This report suggests that serotonergic dysregulation may in part underlie depersonalization.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Personality disorders in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.

Little is known about the frequency of the full-range of personality disorders in outpatients with concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, a common and oftentimes treatment-resistant combination in clinical practice. In a group therapy outcome study, Axis I and II diagnoses were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale to select 115 male combat veterans with PTSD and depressive disorder. Within this sample, 52 (45.2%) had one or more personality disorders--most commonly paranoid (17.4%), obsessive-compulsive (16.5%), avoidant (12.2%), and borderline (8.7%)--and 19 (16.5%) had two or more. Documenting a substantial frequency of personality disorders is a first step in devising appropriate interventions for this treatment-resistant combination of disorders.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1999

[Dependence and obsession].

Alcoholism, especially the urge to drink and relapse from abstinence, is deeply associated with obsession. And also alcoholics on abstinent 10 years or more are still higher on the obsessive-compulsive symptom dimension more than the depression and interpersonal sensitivity. Obsession was introduced by Kraepelin in 1915 and has been studied extensively since. When a person with obsession becomes exhausted with chronic rumination accompanied suspicion, he or she is driven to impulsive acts like alcoholics, and develops a personality disorder that displays persistent abnormal activities. Impulsive-compulsive spectrum characterizes by dimensions of risk-aversive/risk-seeking and harm-avoidant/harm- minimizing behaviors. Disorders on the compulsive end of the spectrum include obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, anorexia nervosa an depersonalization. Mixed compulsive and impulsive disorders include Tourette's disorder, trichotillomania, pathologic gambling, sexual compulsions and alcoholism. Disorders on the impulsive end of the spectrum include borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Using 123I-IMP SPECT, regional cerebral blood flow significantly decreased in alcoholics without Korsakoff sign (WAIS FIQ 90 or over) than alcoholics with Korsakoff signs (WAIS FIQ 89 or under) and control on the frontal lobe and thalamus. Recent model of obsessive-compulsive pathophysiology demonstrating that cortical regions have different effects on the direct and indirect pathways, indicates that the the different effects of serotonergic agents in the cortex alone could result in a change in balance between the direct versus indirect basal ganglia pathway. This article reviews alcoholism and obsession, ego dystonic and ego syntonic, approach-avoidance conflict, a recent biological approach to alcoholics and a spectrum for obsession.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Compulsive buying: a new disorder?].

Despite its high frequency and its severe financial, social and personal complications, compulsive buying is rarely described in the psychiatric literature. We reviewed all the published papers on this syndrome to describe its clinical features, epidemiology and response to drug or psychological treatment. Psychiatric comorbidity is also reviewed and nosologic implications are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of an adolescent with obsessive-compulsive disorder by alternating response prevention and cognitive therapy: an empirical analysis.

This paper reports on the treatment of a 14-year-old boy with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. Baseline measures indicated that two checking behaviors were of extreme frequency. Personal discomfort was severe and parental ratings of anxiety and depression were high. Treatment employed an alternating design of response prevention and cognitive therapy. Parent and client ratings of levels of anxiety and depression were taken daily in addition to frequency levels of the compulsive behaviors. The treatment procedures over 24 sessions eliminated the compulsive behaviors and reduced self-reported anxiety. The study is unique in demonstrating that the cognitive therapy had a significant influence in diminishing the obsessive-compulsive behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Neuroleptic addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Nine of 17 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder responded when neuroleptic was added to fluvoxamine with or without lithium. Comorbid occurrence of tic spectrum disorders or of schizotypal personality disorder was associated with response. Abnormalities in brain dopamine and serotonin may be implicated in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Obsessions and compulsions across time in 79 children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Individual symptoms of 79 children and adolescents with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder were obtained from chart review of at least two in-persons evaluations and recorded across an average of 7.9 years (range, 2 to 16). Symptoms were grouped according to the categories of the Yale-Brown Symptom Checklist. No significant age related trends were found with any one type of symptom, although patients with a very early onset of illness (less than 6 years old) were more likely to have compulsions than obsessions. Across the study period, patients reported symptoms from many different symptom categories, with 47% of the patients displaying both washing and checking compulsions at some time during their illness. No patient maintained the same constellation of symptoms from presentation to follow-up. These data support the concept of obsessive-compulsive disorder as an illness with varied clinical manifestations that individually change over time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Compulsive physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a psychobehavioral spiral of pathology.

The excessive exercising that is frequently observed in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been viewed both as an addictive behavior and as a type of obsessive compulsive disorder. The present study tested a nonrecursive structural equation model that specified associations among personality factors, cognitions, and behavior in the development and progression of excessive exercise in adolescent patients with AN. As proposed, findings indicated that both addictive personality and obsessive-compulsive personality contributed to excessive exercising by means of their influence on obligatory/pathological cognitions about exercising. Childhood physical activity also predicted excessive exercising. The implications of these results are discussed from a psychobiological perspective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Utilization approaches and psychodynamic psychotherapy in a case of hospital phobia: an integrated approach.

Milton Erickson's approaches, including utilization techniques, were integrated with psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy in the treatment of a woman with a hospital phobia. The patient was a 28-year-old married woman who met the criteria for both Somatoform Disorder and Dependent Personality Disorder, and who had a variety of obsessive and compulsive personality traits. In trance the patient was given permission to replace many aspects of the hospital setting (e.g., driving to the hospital, checking in, talking with nurses, etc.) with interactions with certain emotionally meaningful people from her past. The outcome was that the hospital experience was quite pleasurable, as have been subsequent hospitalizations. Two years later, the patient discussed her hypnotic experience and reported an increase in positive transference and also an increase in her ability to cope with other difficult aspects of her life.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods and transference in short term psychoanalytic therapy].

The therapist's emotional reactions and attitudes in time-limited short-term therapy are presented. Limitations of time and scope this kind of therapy must be dealt with emotionally by the therapist; emotional reactions and attitudes can be expected to vary according to the therapist's personality structure; schizoid, depressive, compulsive or hysterical. Transference in time-limited short term therapy can be very intense but is easier to indendify. This has implications for countertransference reactions caused by the patient's transference.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Personality characteristics of successful Navy submarine personnel.

This study evaluated the personality characteristics of senior enlisted and occupationally successful Navy submarine personnel. One hundred subjects completed the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP). Results indicated that the traits of detachment, propriety, and workaholism were most descriptive of the sample. Thirty-seven percent met SNAP criteria for a personality disorder, typically antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, or avoidant. The results are discussed in terms of adaptation to environmental demands aboard submarines. Suggestions for further research are offered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Diagnostic agreement between a doctor and a nurse for psychiatric disorders: a pilot study.

The objective of the study was to examine inter-rater agreement for psychiatric disorders by means of a structured interview performed by a psychiatrist and a nurse. Sixteen psychiatric inpatients with a mean age of 38.9+/-12.9 years were assessed independently by a psychiatrist and a nurse using a structured psychiatric interview, Strukturert Psykiatrisk Intervju for Allmennpraksis (SPIFA). For most diagnoses, agreement was substantial to perfect (kappa = 1 for the diagnoses major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance abuse). Fair to moderate kappa values were found for personality disturbances and dysthymia. The results of this study indicate that after adequate training nurses can perform structured psychiatric interviews with a high inter-rater agreement.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Obsessive-compulsive disorder and ventromedial frontal lesions: clinical and neuropsychological findings.

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine the long-term outcome of subjects with severe and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who had undergone ventromedial frontal leukotomy during the 1970s. Special emphasis was given to the analysis of specific lesion sites. METHOD: Sixteen OCD subjects who had undergone ventromedial frontal leukotomy were evaluated clinically and neuropsychologically and compared to seven well comparison OCD subjects without leukotomy. The 16 leukotomized subjects were divided into three groups according to the main lesion sites as determined by current magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS: The leukotomized OCD subjects showed significant improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms; subjects with frontostriatal lesions tended to have improved most. The subjects with combined diagnoses of OCD and obsessive personality disorder (N = 3) had improved significantly less. Of 11 subjects with lesions of the ventral striatum, eight had developed substance dependence postoperatively. Intellectual functions were largely preserved in subjects with ventromedial frontal lesions only or frontostriatal lesions. However, all subjects showed subnormal performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Subjects with lesions of the dorsolateral frontal convexity also showed memory problems, attentional slowing, and lower performance IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Restricted ventromedial frontal leukotomy should be discussed as a last-resort treatment for severe and refractory OCD but not obsessive personality disorder. Lesions of the ventral striatum were significantly related to the occurrence of substance dependence, suggesting a role of this area in human addictive behavior.

Behavior, Addictive↗