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PubMed2004

Human Bertiella studeri (family Anoplocephalidae) infection of probable Southeast Asian origin in Mauritian children and an adult.

Morphologic studies on preserved and recently collected Bertiella specimens obtained from Mauritian children and an adult indicate that human infection is caused by Bertiella studeri instead of B. mucronata. This cestode might have been accidentally introduced onto the island of Mauritius from the Southeast Asia along with monkeys in the 17th century. We present information that will help identify B. studeri and provide a correct diagnosis. The case reports indicate gastrointestinal disturbances in human bertiellosis. Human infection with Bertiella studeri is reported for the first time in a Mauritian adult.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of the anthelmintic agent trichlorophen on the models of human helminthiasis].

Trials of trichlorophen have shown its high efficacy on models of cestode infections: hymenolepiasis (at the adult and cysticercoid stages of development on three types of animals: outbred albino mice, albino rats and golden hamsters), preimaginal echinococciasis alveolaris, larval alveolar echinococciasis (at the early stage of development of the parasite in experiments on cotton rats). The high nematodical activity of trichlorophen was first found on models of trichocephaliasis in DBA/2y mice, nippostrongyloidiasis (in in vitro experiments), and aspiculuriasis in outbred mice. The agent proved to be ineffective at the tissue developmental stage of Hymenolepsis nana (H. nana), the dwarf tapeworm, in albino mice, during experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters. It showed a low efficacy in treating trichinosis in outbred albino mice. Unlike carbamatebenzimidazoles, trichlorophen was inactive at the tissue stage of H. nana; it exerted no effects on the eggs of a dwarf tapeworm in trichinosis. Trichlorophen was also inactive in treating experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Antiparasitic activity of an ivermectin and praziquantel combination paste in horses.

Modern anthelmintic use in horses has decreased the prevalence of the large strongyles, which has in turn shifted the focus of parasitologists to the pathogenic importance of the small strongyles, tapeworms, and other parasites. These studies show that a combination product containing ivermectin and praziquantel allowed efficacious treatment of horses for nematode, cestode, and bot infections. The use of this combination product may be of special benefit to horses that are mainly kept outdoors and on grazing pastures.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The influence of the parasite invasion on antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver and muscles of a host, the Black Sea flounder Psetta maxima maeotica].

The influence of the intestine cestode Botriocephalus gregarius on the antioxidant enzyme system in the liver and muscle of its host, the Black Sea flounder Psetta maxima maeotica, was studied. The significant increase of superoxidedismutase activity in examined tissues and changes of catalase and peroxidase activities were detected. High correlation (r > or = 0.6) between enzyme activities and the parasite number was noted. The possibility to use antioxidant enzyme activity as biomarkers of the parasite invasion in fish is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Intestinal macro- and microparasites of wolves (Canis lupus L.) from north-eastern Poland recovered by coprological study.

Wolf scats collected during ecological studies in Mazury lake district in NE Poland were analysed for intestinal micro- and macroparasites. Five nematode species were identified: Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859), Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet, 1884), Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789), Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902). Among cestode species there were identified infections with Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1785). The overall helminth prevalence was 63.5 % and average intensity was 15.4 +/- 8.0 eggs /1g of sample. The most prevalent parasite was T. vulpis (38.5 %) and the most abundant infections were by T. canis. Almost 55 % of samples (28/51) were positive for C. parvum oocysts and 46.7 % (14/30) for Giardia spp. cysts. The pack factor affected the distribution of some of macro- and microparasites. The identified parasite fauna of wolves in Mazury lake district consists of several micro- and macroparasites of interest for public health.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Updates on morphobiology, epidemiology and molecular characterization of coenurosis in sheep.

Taenia multiceps (Leske, 1780) is a taeniid cestode that in its adult stage lives in the small intestine of dogs and other canids. The metacestode, previously known as Coenurus cerebralis, is usually found in the nervous system including brain and spinal cord in sheep and other ruminants. The presence of cysts typically leads to neurological symptoms that in the majority of cases result in the death of the animal from starvation after some weeks. Coenurosis could cause high losses in sheep farms because the disease affects young animals that the farmers grow up each year as replacements of the older individuals. Coenurosis is also a zoonosis with more than 100 human cases described in literature, of which the last in Italy and almost 5 reported in Sardinia. In the last years, the popularity of coenurosis has increased in sheep breedings because of the necessity to operate a differential diagnosis from another neurological disease, scrapie, particularly in atypical cases of coenurosis that could occur also in adult (2-3 years of age) sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The taxonomy of some Poecilacanthoidea (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from elasmobranchs off the southern coast of Brazil.

Specimens of elasmobranchs, collected in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were parasitized with Poecilacanthoidea trypanorhynch cestodes. Sharks of the species Prionace glauca harboured Callitetrarhynchus gracilis and Floriceps saccatus, and those of the species Sphyrna zygaena were infected with Callitetrarhynchus speciosus. Details of the proglottids of F. saccatus, provided by bright-field, and/or scanning electron microscopy, are described. Adults of F. saccatus are reported for the first time in the Brazilian coast.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Parasitological studies of the lizard, Ludakia stellio in Arish, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt.

In the lizard, Laudakia stellio, the gastrointestinal tract harboured four helminthic-parasites: two nematodes Spauligodon auziensis (Seurate, 1917) Paraparyngodon bulbosus (Linstow, 1897), two larval stages of nematode, and one cestode, Oochoristica sp. (Kennedy et al., 1982). The total infection rate of L. stellio was 93%. Out of 45 L. stellio examined, 42 were infected with number of parasites ranged from 0-72 and mean intensity 11.57. Parasites burden on their host populations was highly aggregated with k value was 0.01. No significant correlation was found between host weight and intensity of infection. The histopathological impact of infection was examined indicating the tissue reaction against the parasite at the site of attachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Helminth parasites of the western sandpiper, Calidris mauri (Aves), from El Paso and Hudspeth counties, Texas.

Fifty western sandpipers, Calidris mauri, from El Paso and Hudspeth counties, Texas, were collected and examined for helminth parasites. Fifty-three helminths (means abundance = 1.06, SD = 2.31) consisting of 4 cestode and 1 nematode species were collected. The helminth community showed low species richness (5), low diversity and evenness (0.05, 0.14), low concentration for dominance (0.19), and all species were contagiously distributed. There were no clearly identifiable core species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Early development of Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), a carp parasite.

The development of the tapeworm Khawia sinensis parasitizing carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) has been studied from the release of cestode eggs into water to the formation of infective procercoids in the intermediate host under laboratory conditions. The rate of embryonal development is greatly influenced by the water temperature. While at 5 degrees C the development of oncospheres was not recorded, at 10-12 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20-22 degrees C, and 23-24 degrees C oncospheres were fully formed after 57, 42, 21 and 16 days, respectively. Infectivity of oncospheres was confirmed by successful experimental infection of the intermediate hosts: Tubifex tubifex and Limnodrilus udekemiamus (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Fully formed procercoids infective for the definitive host were found in the intermediate host from 52 days of development at 20-22 degrees C. From the third week of development in the intermediate host, most of the parasite larvae were located in the anterior part of the tubificid body, mainly between 8th and 15th segments.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Intestinal absorptive capacity of glucose, Na+, K+ C++ and Cl-, in vivo in Cotugnia polyacantha infected dove.

The absorptive capacity of the intestine of dove infected by the cestode Cotugnia Polyacantha was studied by the in vivo perfusion technique. The two glucose concentrations 5 and 27 mM were used in the perfusion fluid. Glucose was added at the expense of Nacl to the total osmolarity 238 mOsmol./L. The perfusion fluid of 5 mM glucose: the percentage of reduction in the absorptive capacity in the infected intestine than normal was (at initial pH7) 82.8, 63.1, 68.4, 71.2 and 67.5 and (at initial pH6) 89.7, 59.0, 70.3, 59.9 and 62.6 in glucose, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- respectively. The perfusion fluid of 27 mM glucose: the percentage of reduction in the absorptive capacity in the infected intestine than normal was (at initial pH6) 89.7, 59.0, 70.3, 59.9 and 62.6 in glucose, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- respectively. The perfusion fluid of 27 mM glucose: the percentage of reduction in the absorptive capacity in the infected intestine than normal was (at initial pH7) 85.6, 65.6, 68.3, 71.1 and 66.9 (at initial pH6), 86.1, 62.4, 70.2, 66.4 and 68.8 in glucose, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- respectively. The wet and dry weight of both tunica muscularis and mucosa were increased in the infected part of intestine than normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Helminth infracommunities of the frogs Rana catesbeiana and Rana clamitans from Turkey Marsh, Michigan.

One hundred twenty-seven bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, and 120 green frogs, Rana clamitans, collected in July and August 1987 from Turkey Marsh, Michigan, were examined for helminths. Of the 16 helminth species found, Falcaustra catesbeianae had the highest prevalence and mean intensity in bullfrogs. In green frogs, Megalodiscus temperatus had the highest prevalence and Haematoloechus parviplexus had the highest mean intensity. Taxonomically, 1,030 (30.5%) trematodes and 2,348 (69.5%) nematodes occurred in bullfrogs; 2,874 (96.4%) trematodes, 2 (0.1%) cestodes, and 105 (3.5%) nematodes were found in green frogs. The larger and more aquatic of the 2 hosts, R. catesbeiana, had the highest mean number of helminth species, helminth intensity, diversity, and evenness. Adult frogs of both species had a significantly higher mean number of helminth species than did juveniles. Significant correlations existed between the number of helminth species and frog length. Although the helminth communities of Turkey Marsh frogs are isolationist in character, they are more diverse than other helminth communities studied in amphibians.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Tapeworms of quails (Coturnix coturnix) in Egypt.

The intestines of 150 grey quails (Coturnix coturnix) were examined at postmortem, for tapeworms infestation. Two species of cestodes were collected Raillietina echinobothrida and Choanotaenia infundibulum. The prevalence, average number of worms per bird and their morphology were reported. Its worth to mention that quail was found to be a new host for R. echinobothrida.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The parasite fauna of East Germany. 9. The helminth fauna of Lutra lutra].

Alimentary tract, liver, kidneys and lungs of 25 otters, died of several causes during 1982-1987 in GDR were included in helminthological investigations. Parasites were detected in 8 animals. One cestode: Taenia martis and 3 trematodes: Isthmiophora melis, Opisthorchis felineus and Pseudamphistomum truncatum are regarded to be certain parasites of this host. Other findings like Ligula intestinalis, Azygia luccii and Piscicola geometra and the fragment of a pseudophyllidean enter the alimentary tract with the food and pass through it.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Helminths of carnivores relevant to veterinary practice].

Especially in an urban environment man and carnivores live closely together, whereby one has to pay attention not only to animal parasites, but also to human pathogenic connections regarding these parasites. Because of the infection risk the animal owner has to be competently informed by his veterinarian. While some cestodes make great demands on hygiene, with others the cycle can be interrupted by consequent diet restrictions. Of all nematodes the stomach worm of the cat is of greater importance as it is easily overlooked because of its small size, is difficult to diagnose and is occurring in our regions with an infestation rate of about 40%. "Larva migrans visceralis" and "Larva migrans cutanea" caused by ascaride and hookworm larvae are important in human medicine and demand therapeutic measures. The contamination of parks, playgrounds and beaches with these parasites caused by carnivores requires a critical evaluation of the human pathogen interests.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1987

Helminth parasites of the coyote (Canis latrans) in Tennessee.

From 1980 to 1984, 267 coyotes (Canis latrans) from Tennessee were examined for helminth parasites. Hearts were examined for the presence of Dirofilaria immitis, diaphragms for Trichinella spiralis, and digestive tracts for other helminths. Six species were found including 5 nematodes (D. immitis, Physaloptera rara, Trichuris vulpis, Ancylostoma caninum, and Toxascaris leonina) and 1 cestode (Taenia pisiformis). Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to assess parasite prevalence and intensity. For prevalence data, a matrix of correlation among characters was computed, and the first 3 principal components were extracted from the original distance matrix. These accounted for 93.7% of the variation in the character set. Three-dimensional projections of localities showed spatial variability on each component. Significant relationships were found between principal component I and longitude, component II and latitude and mean January temperature, and component III and mean July precipitation and mean January actual evapotranspiration. For intensity data, no spatial variability was determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The suprapopulation dynamics of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in a North Carolina reservoir: abundance, dispersion, and prevalence.

A 2 1/2-year study (September 1980-March 1983) of abundance, dispersion, and prevalence of the pseudophyllidean cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in 3 species of fish (Gambusia affinis, Notropis lutrensis, and Pimephales promelas) was conducted in 3 ecologically distinct areas of a North Carolina cooling pond. Mean infrapopulation density and prevalence differed by site, season, and species and size of hosts. Degree of aggregation and abundance and prevalence of gravid worms differed by species of host. Abundance of gravid worms was significantly lower in metapopulations from localities that received power plant effluents. The differences in infrapopulation density, prevalence, and aggregation appeared to be related to predator-prey interactions, which varied with season and local community structure. Differences in abundance of gravid worms, on the other hand, were probably caused by differential suitability of hosts and by local variation in selenium concentration in the water column. Thus, it appears that both biotic and abiotic components of the host community determined the suprapopulation dynamics of B. acheilognathi in Belews Lake.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

[Proteocephalus exiguus (Cestoda) as a parasite of Salmo gairdneri (Pisces)].

Proteocephalus exiguus (Cestoda) as a parasite of Salmo gairdneri (Pisces). The cestode species Proteocephalus exiguus LA RUE, 1911, not found in Salmo gairdneri until now, is recorded from this host for the first time in the G.D.R. This species is described in detail and differentiated from P. neglectus. In addition to a list of findings from the lake Wolziger See in the south of Berlin, data on the incidence (up to 100% in our material) and the intensity of invasion (up to 40 helminths per fish) as well as on pathogenicity and therapy are given. Problems of species determination in the genus Proteocephalus, especially from Salmonidae and Coregonidae, and the distribution and bionomy of P. exiguus are discussed.

Animals↗