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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Fusarium langsethiae sp. nov. on cereals in Europe.

A new species of Fusarium, Fusarium langsethiae, is described, illustrated and discussed. This species is isolated from kernels of oats, wheat and barley in several European countries. Morphologically, the species resembles Fusarium poae. It is differentiated from F. poae by slower growth, less aerial mycelium and absence of odour; its napiform or globose conidia are borne in the aerial mycelium on the agar surface on often bent phialides which exhibit sometimes more than one opening, whereas those of F. poae are produced on straight monophialides mostly in the aerial mycelium. No sporodochial conidia are formed by F. langsethiae even under near-UV light (nUV). Based on morphological characters, the species is placed in the section Sporotrichiella.

Avena↗
PubMed2005

Levels of natural radionuclides in some Nigerian cereals and tubers.

The activities of radionuclides in the two major groups of foodstuff widely consumed in Nigeria have been determined. The 40K concentration range from 9.9+/-3.6 Bq kg-1 to 298+/-14 Bq kg-1 (av. 130+/-8.12 Bq kg-1). (238)U concentration range from 1.47+/-0.91 Bq kg-1 to 39.5+/-9.9 Bq kg-1 (av. 11.5+/-3.86 Bq kg-1), and 232Th range from 3.50+/-1.85 Bq kg-1 to 10.5+/-2.13 Bq kg-1 (av. 6.78+/-2.13 Bq kg-1). 137Cs was not detected in any of the foodstuffs analysed.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2007

Capturing diversity in the cereals: many options but little promiscuity.

It is generally recognized by geneticists and plant breeders alike that there is a need to further improve the ability to capture and manipulate genetic diversity. The effective harnessing of diversity in traditional breeding programmes is limited and, therefore, it is vital that meiotic recombination can be manipulated given that it plays a pivotal role in generating diversity. With the advent of a wider range of genomics technologies, our understanding of meiotic processes should increase rapidly. Although comparative genetics has been useful, particularly in the broader grass family, the development of physical maps, long-range sequencing and transcript profiles promises to unravel the complexities of genomes as large or larger than wheat. Highlighting the most significant findings to date, this review pools the knowledge on these tools and reproductive processes.

Breeding↗
PubMed2000

Nutrient contribution of infant cereals used as fluid thickening agents in diets fed to the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a nutrient-fortified fluid-thickening agent (Pablum, H. J. Heinz Co of Canada, North York, Ontario, Canada) replaces nutrients lost to food displacement associated with its use. DESIGN: Seven-day, investigator-weighted, food intake records were evaluated to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy. Nutrient intakes, including and excluding those associated with Pablum, were assessed to determine the ability of Pablum to protect from nutrient inadequacy. SUBJECTS/SETTING SUBJECTS: (19 women and 2 men aged 69 to 109 years) were residents of a home for the aged or a chronic-care hospital who required pureed food and thickened fluids. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Probability analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for micronutrients and protein. RESULTS: Approximately 15% of consumed energy (mean +/- standard deviation: 1.534 +/- 310 kcal/day; 1.38 +/- 0.37 and 1.46 +/- 0.26 multiplied by basal metabolic rate for men and women) came from the thickener. If a nonfortified thickener was used, risk of inadequacy (percentage of sample) would be apparent for protein (16%), calcium (95%), thiamin (57%), riboflavin (28%), niacin (55%), and folate (47% for women and 97% for men); no risk was estimated for iron and vitamins A and C. The nutrients contained in Pablum reduced or eliminated the risk of inadequacy for some nutrients, including protein (8%), calcium (9%), thiamin (0%), riboflavin (0%), and niacin (0%). In contrast, inadequate consumption of water and folate occurred even when the contribution of Pablum was considered. APPLICATIONS: The use of a nutrient-fortified thickening agent has merit; however, the current formulation of Pablum does not allow for complete protection against nutrient inadequacy.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Unraveling thioredoxin-linked metabolic processes of cereal starchy endosperm using proteomics.

Application of a thiol-specific probe, monobromobimane, with proteomics and enzyme assays led to the identification of 23 thioredoxin targets in the starchy endosperm of mature wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum cv. Butte), almost all containing at least two conserved cysteines. The identified targets, 12 not known to be thioredoxin-linked, function in a spectrum of processes: metabolism (12 targets), protein storage (three), oxidative stress (three), protein degradation (two), protein assembly/folding (one) and unknown reactions (two). In addition to formulating metabolic pathways functional in the endosperm, the results suggest that thioredoxin acts in redox regulation throughout the life cycle of the seed.

Conserved Sequence↗
PubMed1998

A new family of cytokinin receptors from Cereales.

The highly specific recognition of a natural cytokinin, trans-zeatin, by cytokinin-binding protein (CBP) of 67 kDa from barley leaves was detected with an assay developed on the basis of cytokinin competition in ELISA with anti-idiotype antibodies (raised against antibodies to zeatin) for complex formation with CBP. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against 70 kDa CBP from etiolated maize seedlings cross-reacted with barley 67 kDa CBP and prevented barley CBP and trans-zeatin induced activation of transcription elongation directed by RNA polymerase I associated with barley chromatin. One mAb (Z-6) had an agonistic effect. Maize CBP replaced barley CBP in activation of RNA synthesis with cytokinin in the barley transcription system. Hence, a new family of cytokinin receptors with common functions and immunodeterminants including maize and barley CBPs was found.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of cereal toxicity for celiac disease patients based on protein homology in grains.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Celiac disease is caused by T-cell responses to wheat gluten-derived peptides. The presence of such peptides in other widely consumed grains, however, has hardly been studied. METHODS: We have performed homology searches to identify regions with sequence similarity to T-cell stimulatory gluten peptides in the available gluten sequences: the hordeins of barley, secalins of rye, and avenins of oats. The identified peptides were tested for T-cell stimulatory properties. RESULTS: With 1 exception, no identical matches with T-cell stimulatory gluten peptides were found in the other grains. However, less stringent searches identified 11 homologous sequences in hordeins, secalins, and avenins located in regions similar to those in the original gluten proteins. Seven of these 11 peptides were recognized by gluten-specific T-cell lines and/or clones from patients with celiac disease. Comparison of T-cell stimulatory sequences with homologous but non-T-cell stimulatory sequences indicated key amino acids that on substitution either completely or partially abrogated the T-cell stimulatory activity of the gluten peptides. Finally, we show that single nucleotide substitutions in gluten genes will suffice to induce these effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the disease-inducing properties of barley and rye can in part be explained by T-cell cross-reactivity against gluten-, secalin-, and hordein-derived peptides. Moreover, the results provide a first step toward a rational strategy for gluten detoxification via targeted mutagenesis at the genetic level.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

Lack of association between plasma homocysteine and angiographic coronary artery disease in the era of fortification of cereal grain flour with folic acid.

Homocysteine is associated with coronary disease (CAD). However, the strength of the association after accounting for traditional and emerging risk factors is unclear, particularly since flour fortification with folate was mandated in the USA. We analyzed the association between traditional and emerging risk factors and CAD in 504 patients undergoing clinically-indicated angiography between July 1998 and January 1999. Significant CAD (> or =50% stenosis in > or =1 artery) was present in 271 patients (54%). Mean homocysteine (micromol/l) was 9.36+/-3.07; hyperhomocysteinemia (>13 micromol/l) was present in 7.9% of patients. Mean homocysteine was 9.29+/-3.02 in patients with no disease (no stenoses or stenoses <10%), 9.09+/-2.47 in patients with mild disease (stenoses 10-50%), 9.12+/-2.39 in patients with one vessel disease (VD) (>50% stenosis in one coronary artery), 9.28+/-3.19 in patients with two VD, and 10.1+/-3.89 in patients with three VD (P=0.0793). Multivariate analysis that included age, gender, smoking, LDL, HDL, Lp(a), apo A1, and apo B revealed no independent association between quartile of homocysteine and odds ratio (OR) for CAD. In summary, we found no association between homocysteine and CAD on angiography. The homocysteine-lowering effect of folate-fortified flour, or the inclusion of many traditional and emerging risk factors in multivariate analysis, are potential explanations.

Adult↗