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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[The load-bearing function of a patellar tendon bearing cast].

An experiment was performed to study the load bearing function of a patellar tendon bearing (PTB) cast and the optimal effect of walking heel position and contra-lateral heel height. Miniature load cells were placed on the patellar tendon area, front and back area of the lower leg, anterior sole (MP joint of big toe), and posterior sole of the foot. The examinee walked on a force plate with the PTB cast. Vertical load bearing at each area in the PTB cast was evaluated by multiple regression analysis of data from the force plate and the load cells. The extent of decrease of skeletal loading was thirty per cent of body weight when the walking heel was placed slightly distal to the navicular bone. The effect of the contralateral heel height was not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dental casting alloys: technical and economic considerations in the USA.

In the USA, gold alloys have played a prominent role in oral health maintenance for more than 100 years. Recently, however, a marked trend toward substitution of palladium-silver and nickel-chromium based materials for the more costly gold alloys has been observed. It is estimated that 60-80 per cent of all permanent dental appliances (crowns and bridges) are now fabricated from non-gold alloys. For the most part, increased user demand for alloy products of relatively low intrinsic value has affected adversely the profitability of the larger USA casting alloy suppliers. The likelihood of a reversal of the trend occurring during the 1980s is not great. All major USA dental alloy manufacturers have found it necessary to market an ever increasing spectrum of low cost alloy products. Impetus for this production of a new generation of dental casting alloys has risen mainly from the perceived purchasing patterns of current and future customers. It is anticipated that the 'down-grading' of dental casting alloys will continue until plastics, mouldable ceramics or other inexpensive industrial materials replace metals in the fabrication of permanently cemented dental devices. Until then, it is likely that gold alloys will remain the ultimate prosthetic materials in the minds of dental academicians while technique-sensitive and unproved metallic products of low intrinsic value will continue to gain greater acceptance by practising dentists, laboratory technicians and patients.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Thermal effects of casting materials.

A number of variables are important in controlling the exothermic reaction of cast materials. These reactions can reach temperatures capable of producing burns. The most important variables are plaster type, cast thickness, and the presence of externally applied materials, e.g., vinyl pillows. Moderately important factors are dip water temperature, humidity, room temperature, and used dip water. An insignificant factor is cast-padding thickness.

Burns↗
PubMed1982

Casting accuracy at different mould temperatures.

Three gold alloys were cast to moulds at 500 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 700 degrees C. The accuracy of test crowns was assessed by measuring the space between the margin of the casting and the shoulder of the brass dis. The accuracy of 60 castings for clinical crown restorations was measured by means of impression material. Results showed that best accuracy was achieved at the highest temperature.

Crowns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of fracture of the femur in children by a "cast-brace".

To investigate the suitability of the cast-braces for the management of fractured femurs in children, the author studied 50 children treated for fractured femurs. After conventional skin traction therapy for three weeks, 40 children are placed in cast-braces and ten in conventional hip-spicas. The results are compared. The advantages noted with the cast-brace are that it reduces stress at the fracture site, allows knee and hip movement and ambulation thus reducing the period of immobilization and the functional loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The treatment of loose diaphyseal fractures of the humeral diaphysis using the hanging cast method].

A personal series of loose diaphyseal fractures of the humeral diaphysis, treated with the hanging plaster case method, has been examined in order to assess results. These were positive in most treated cases, with a complication percentage comparable to that obtainable with other methods. Although it is not considered that the usual treatment of reduction and plaster cast thoraco-brachial immobilisation should be abandoned, it is considered that the hanging cast is an equally valid alternative in all cases in which the patient's general condition represents a contraindication to the application of a bulky chest-extended cast.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Marginal reservoirs for multiunit castings.

This study measured the distortion of one-piece base metal four-unit fixed partial dentures and recorded the effect of positioning "marginal reservoirs" on the wax patterns. Standard wax patterns were made in a special three-piece stainless steel mold. Twenty anterior prostheses were cast: 10 for the experimental group and 10 for the control group. The prostheses were cast in a nickel-chromium alloy and were measured with a traveling microscope with a micrometer scale. Premarked points were designated on gingivoaxial line angles for buccolingual and mesiodistal distances and diameters to record marginal discrepancies of specimens with or without marginal reservoirs. Castings with marginal reservoirs distorted significantly less than did the control fixed partial dentures.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMed1995

A simple and accurate method for 3-D measurements in microcorrosion casts illustrated with tumour vascularization.

Microvascular corrosion casting is an established method to investigate vascular patterns of nearly all organs. Trying to evaluate these specimens quantitatively using native scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures always implied a big error, because the information of depth cannot be taken into account. However, SEM stereo pairs allow for exact measurements. Tumour microcorrosion casts were used to demonstrate the feasibility of this 3-D quantification method. The information of depth was calculated for each measuring point using the parallax. From the resulting coordinates the intervascular distances, the interbranching distances as well as the interbranching angles were determined. We found significant differences between all investigated tumours. Reproducibility tests and tests for the greatest error possibilities resulted in a maximum deviation of 2.5% to be expected. Consequently this method is suitable for all application ranges of microvascular corrosion casting as a quantitative determination method.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Achilles tendon rupture. Is casting enough?

Rupture of the Achilles tendon is relatively uncommon, but most primary care physicians are occasionally faced with evaluation and treatment of such an injury. Diagnosis is not difficult and is based almost solely on the history and physical findings. To avoid misdiagnosis, the Thompson test should be performed in any evaluation of ankle pain. The three management options are casting, open surgical repair, and percutaneous surgical repair. Incidence of rerupture is slightly higher with casting, but the greater costs and higher risk of complications with surgical treatment seem to outweigh the benefits. Because there is no conclusive evidence that functional activity is any better with surgical repair, we recommend casting for a minimum of 8 weeks. After this, the patient should wear a heel lift and begin a supervised physical rehabilitation program.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1994

Microcirculation of human fetal tooth buds: a SEM study of corrosion casts.

The microcirculation of tooth buds at the bell stage obtained from 5-month-old human fetuses was studied using corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy. Each tooth bud has two independent vascular networks: one of the enamel organ and one of the dental papilla. Both systems are supplied by vertical branches of the inferior alveolar artery. The vascular bed of the enamel organ consists of capillaries relatively uniform in shape, forming a moderately dense network with irregular meshes. In contrast, the vasculature of dental papilla is extremely dense and its vessels show a sinusoidal character and signs of a vivid angiogenesis. The cast surfaces of capillaries in both vascular systems show the presence of tiny blebs probably representing extravasations of the casting medium through endothelial fenestrations.

Corrosion Casting↗
PubMed1993

Accuracy of fit of cobalt-chromium removable partial denture frameworks on master casts.

Fifty-six cobalt-chromium removable partial denture frameworks made to the same design were found to fit their master casts poorly. Spaces were significantly greater between palatal aspects of abutment teeth and palatal reciprocal arms, and between buccal aspects of occlusal rests and rest seats. Excessive contraction towards the centre of the palate was found. Expansion of the refractory investment may not have compensated adequately for solidification and cooling contraction of the cobalt-chromium alloy. Although dimensional changes in investment and casting are by volume, no evidence of anisotropic expansion of castings in a vertical direction was found.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional analysis of the casting accuracy of one-piece, osseointegrated implant-retained prostheses.

The three-dimensional distortions of implant frameworks of two designs, reflecting the early "Toronto" U-shaped design and a current L-shaped design, were measured. A conventional commercial laboratory one-piece casting method, using a silver-palladium alloy, was used. Distortion was defined by five displacement variables for the centroids of each of five gold cylinders incorporated in each casting: three orthogonal translational displacements (dx, dy, and dz) and two rotational displacements (d theta x and d theta y). A computerized coordinate measuring machine was used. Overall translational displacements measured were -17.4 +/- 15 microns for dx, 6.1 +/- 7.1 microns for dy, and -0.1 +/- 1.7 microns for dz. The overall global translational displacement, dR, was 20.2 +/- 14.5 microns. Overall rotational displacements were -0.098 +/- 0.109 degrees for d theta x and -0.020 +/- 0.097 degrees for d theta y, giving an average absolute angular change, d theta R, of 0.158 +/- 0.077 degrees. No significant differences were found between U- and L-shaped castings, except for dy values for cylinders 2, 3, and 4, and d theta x values for cylinder 1. Cylinder location within the arch was associated with a specific direction and magnitude of translational and rotational displacement. Even small rotational displacements may manifest large gap appearances with the one-screw test because of the "moment arm" effect. However, other rotational displacements may be hidden, depending on the direction of tilt and the moment arm length.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of thromboembolism in outpatients immobilized by plaster cast.

In an open, randomized, prospective, interindividual trial, the incidence of thrombosis with (n = 126) and without (n = 127) LMWH prophylaxis once a day was determined in 253 outpatients immobilized in a plaster cast due to an injury of the lower limb. Furthermore, the influence of possible risk factors on the thrombus formation was determined. The histories of the patients were comparable. The average period of plaster cast immobilization was 15.7 days and did not differ between treatment groups. Thrombosis was diagnosed by compression ultrasound; patients with positive findings were investigated by means of ascending phlebography. There were 21 cases of thrombosis in the group without prophylaxis (16.5%) and only six cases of thrombosis (4.8%) with LMWH. This difference is statistically significant (2p < 0.01). Crucial risk factors were age over 30 years, obesity, varicose veins, and fractures. Patients without prophylaxis who had fractures developed DVT in 29% in contrast to 11.3% in patients with soft-tissue injuries. This study shows that LMWH prophylaxis should be mandatory for plaster cast immobilized patients regardless of preexisting risk factors for thromboembolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The "flatback" cast.

A properly applied above-elbow cast in a child presents difficulties not seen in adults. Because of the differences in anatomy, physiology, and compliance, children can benefit from modification of the standard above-elbow cast. We report on a method of application of the "flatback" cast to address these concerns.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

Facial casting as a method to help identify severely disfigured corpses.

The authors apply a previously reported method for facial casting of severely disfigured corpses, which allowed a three-dimensional cast to be made. This method involved several stages: face restoration, casting by elastomer, then three-dimensional positive image building. This technique seems to be useful in all cases of severe disfiguration of the face, particularly by trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Microvascular corrosion casting in the study of tumor vascularity: a review.

Tumor blood flow is dependent on the structure and three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of the vascular network. The latter can be best studied by scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts. However, literature reviews show that nearly all studies using this technique render comparisons of different tumors more difficult since they are mainly based on descriptive terms that might lead to misunderstandings. Qualitative comparisons of 13 experimental and 3 human primary tumors of different origin show a high degree of similarity in the vasculature. Quantitative analysis of these casts reveals similar ranges of parameters such as diameters, intervascular and interbranching distances. Diameters of vessels with capillary wall structure range from 6 micron m to 55 micron m in the human primary tumors (renal clear cell carcinoma, basalioma), and from 5 micron m to 80 micron m in xenografted tumors (sarcomas, colon carcinoma). Intervascular distances in the human primary tumors range from 2 micron m to 52 micron m, and from 11 micron m to 105 micron m in the xenografts. Interbranching distances range from 34 micron m to 258 micron m in the former, and from 11 micron m to 160 micron m in the latter. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of tumor microvascular corrosion casts enable pathophysiological conclusions to be drawn and contribute to a better understanding of tumor vascularity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The total contact cast: a method for treating neuropathic diabetic ulcers.

Plantar ulcers that do not heal in patients with diabetes and peripheral sensory neuropathy have been shown to be precursors of lower extremity amputation. The total contact cast is considered by many authorities to be the most effective technique for healing of wounds in the neuropathic extremity, yet it still is not widely used in clinical practice. Use of the total contact cast allows mobilization and results in diminished edema and decreased pressure over the ulcerated area. Complete healing usually occurs in eight weeks or less. Total contact casting with careful follow-up should be considered as a useful modality for healing plantar ulcers in diabetic patients with neuropathy of the extremities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. Results of closed reduction and immobilization in the hip spica cast.

Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) by closed reduction and immobilization in the hip spica cast is one of the accepted methods for use in patients under one year of age. We report 74 congenitally dislocated hips treated with premanipulation skin traction, closed reduction under anesthesia, adductor tenotomy and immobilization in the hip spica cast. Satisfactory results were obtained in 60 hips. In seven hips, avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis was observed with careful management, closed reduction and immobilization in a spica cast provides good results for treatment of CDH.

Casts, Surgical↗