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Results for “Biogenesis”

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The Drosophila fusome, organelle biogenesis and germ cell differentiation: if you build it....

From stem cells to oocyte, Drosophila germ cells undergo a short, defined lineage. Molecular genetic analyses of a collection of female sterile mutations have indicated that a germ cell-specific organelle called the fusome has a central role at several steps in this lineage. The fusome grows from a prominent spherical organelle to an elongated and branched structure that connects all mitotic sisters in a germ cell syncytium. The organelle is assembled from proteins normally found in the membrane skeleton and, additionally, contains an extensive membranous reticulum, the probable product of differentiation-dependent vesicle trafficking. This review briefly summarizes a current view of the processes that drive germ cell differentiation particularly the various roles that the fusome might play in regulating the developmental events. Future efforts will consider to what extent an organelle assembly-dependent model for differentiation is heuristic and whether the Drosophila fusome represents a homolog of a similar organelle in vertebrate lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Structure characterization and possible biogenesis of three new families of nortriterpenoids: schisanartane, schiartane, and 18-norschiartane.

Four new, highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids with unique schisanartane skeletons, micrandilactones D-G (1-4), have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra micrantha, and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral studies. The postulated biogenetic sequences of sixteen highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids and bisnortriterpenoids with new skeletons from three Schisandra species are discussed and have been compared from a chemotaxonomic standpoint.

Lactones↗
PubMed1990

The activation of resting lymphocytes is accompanied by the biogenesis of lysosomal organelles.

The degradative activity of lymphocytes plays by important role in a number of essential immune functions. In the present study we have examined how the activation of resting lymphocytes, by the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A), affects three major components of the lysosomal compartment: the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase (Gus); an integral lysosomal membrane protein (LAMP-1); and the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) which directs lymphocyte enzyme transport. Resting T cells were found to contain only very low levels of these proteins, but they were actively synthesized by, and far more abundant in, stimulated lymphoblasts. Although the lysosomal antigens did not have a distinct cytoplasmic localization in the resting lymphocytes, in the activated T lymphoblasts they were present in several highly developed intracellular structures, including the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Furthermore, in these latter cells Gus was also found to be accumulated within the lumen of large vesicles which we characterized as lysosomes by the presence of LAMP-1 at the periphery and by the absence of MPR. Subcellular fractionation confirmed that these organelles were present in the activated lymphocytes only, and not in the resting T cells. Our results demonstrate that lymphocyte activation is accompanied by the synthesis of the enzymic and structural components of the lysosomal compartment which are sorted and assembled into distinct organelles in the activated cell.

Animals↗