Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Analysis of Variance”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ascribed meaning: a critical factor in coping and pain attenuation in patients with cancer-related pain.

Advanced cancer is frequently associated with severe pain, and some patients suffer markedly more than others. The experience of pain is a multifactorial phenomenon involving not only sensory but also cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral dimensions. The latter variables were investigated within the framework of Melzack and Wall's gate control model of pain and Lazarus' coping psychology model. Quantitative measures of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, a self-report depression scale, and a coping strategy questionnaire were employed, and a face-to-face interview was conducted in which patients ascribed meaning to their pain. One hundred terminal cancer patients in the Winnipeg, Manitoba area were studied, all of whom received care at home, with one half having access to support from a hospital palliative care unit (PCU) and one half not. Analgesic medication levels were recorded and converted to a common standard. Statistical results showed that the ability to cope with the pain experience was little influenced by access to the PCU; nor was medication level a confounding variable. Variance analysis showed that the strongest impact on pain, depression, and coping scores was made by the meaning ascribed to pain by patients (p = 0.0001). The most frequently ascribed meanings were challenge (n = 30), punishment (n = 26), and enemy (n = 20). Successful pain attenuation thus depends in part on understanding the cognitive processing of pain by individual patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

[Techniques of autologous transfusion in hip surgery: a retrospective study].

A retrospective study was carried out on 99 patients undergoing hip surgery to evaluate the efficacy of three autotransfusion techniques on sparing of homologous blood. Preoperative normovolemic hemodilution (HDN), delayed autotransfusion (ATD) and recuperation of blood lost during surgery (RSPO) were studied. Patients were divided into 5 groups: group HDN, group ATD, group ATD + HDN, group RSPO, and the control group. The hematocrit was followed intra and postoperatively within these five groups, and mean values homologous blood transfusions calculated for each group. Comparison of mean values was performed using variance analysis (p less than 0.02). The association of delayed autotransfusion and preoperative hemodilution was most effective in sparing homologous blood (0.11 +/- 0.3 unit, p less than 0.02): however these results were obtained with a substantial drop in hematocrit which fell well below the 30% minimal accepted value at the end of the operation. There was no significant difference between delayed autotransfusion (0.35 +/- 0.8 unit) and preoperative hemodilution (0.7 +/- .01 unit) in sparing homologous blood. Hematocrit values with delayed autotransfusion were greater than these obtained with preoperative hemodilution. The difference was significant at the beginning of the operation (p less than 0.001), but not significant at the end. Recuperation of blood lost during surgery was least effective in sparing homologous blood (1 +/- 1.2 unit, p less than 0.02). Because of the moderate decrease in hematocrit, there are very few contraindications to delayed autotransfusion. Recuperation of blood lost during surgery should be associated with another autotransfusion technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Changing economic environment of hospitals: management challenges of the 1990s].

The modern hospital is an organization which is influenced by the external environment in which it functions. A major relevant area is the economic environment. In recent years the western world has been facing the challenge of rising costs of health care and an increase in their proportion to the gross national product of most countries. Consequently, hospitals as major providers of health care are under pressure from governments and health insurance companies to cut costs and to "produce" more efficiently. Since hospitals worldwide are finding it hard and painful to function in the new environment in which attitudes to hospitals are changing, a potential managerial-economic crisis may be the next phase. How can the hospital adapt to these changes? First, by adopting managerial attitudes and the tools of the business sector. These include: the strategic planning process, hospital operative autonomy, creating medical-economic responsibility centers as departments, cost-accounting for medical procedures, and case-mix budgeting. Management information systems are necessary during the transition. The hospital information system should include functions at the operative level, such as outpatient visits, and admissions and discharges of patients; and also clinical, diagnostic and laboratory procedures related to the patient case-mix. The second level is a management information system which includes salaries of personnel, case-mix budgeting with variance analysis, prices of procedures and epidemiological data. The authors believe that only the managerial approach combining medical and economic disciplines can meet the challenges of the changing modern economic environment.

Economics↗
PubMed1990

Blood lead and blood pressure: a cross sectional study in a general population group.

In a sample of general population not occupationally exposed to lead (254 males and 271 females), a cross sectional study has been carried out to evaluate the relationship between lead in blood (PbB), blood pressure and hypertension. The data were analyzed by the common statistical significance tests (Student t test, variance analysis) and by logistic regression and showed that, even taking into account the well-known confounding factors (such as age, overweight, heredity, smoking, alcohol) PbB and blood pressure are significantly correlated. In light of these results and according to the more recent literature, it is proposed to consider PbB as a synthetical indicator of major cardiovascular risk rather than a single risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hemodynamic effects of enoximone and comparison with dobutamine in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary arterial hypertension].

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of enoximone on the right ventricle and pulmonary hypertension in 10 patients (53 to 84 years) with chronic obstructive airway disease resulting in acute or chronic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in 9 cases. These effects were compared with those of dobutamine. All patients were in sinus rhythm and 6 had signs of right ventricular failure. Haemodynamic and 2D echocardiographic (study of left and right ventricular function) measurements were made under basal conditions (TB1), with 10 micrograms/kg/mn of dobutamine (TDob), again under basal conditions (TB2) three hours after the end of the dobutamine infusion, and then 30 minutes after an intravenous bolus (1 mg/kg) of enoximone (TE1) relayed by an infusion of 10 micrograms/kg/mn at 3 hours (TE2) and at 12 hours (TE3). The results (x +/- SD) were studied by a 2 factor variance analysis and compared by Student's test with Dunnett's correction. Cardiac index increased similarly by about 45% with enoximone (2.8 +/- 0.8 vs 4.1 +/- 1 l/min/m2; p less than 0.001 at TE2) and dobutamine, although the heart rate did not change significantly. Systemic arterial resistance fell significantly with enoximone (31.3 +/- 11 vs 21.3 +/- 6.8 IU; p less than 0.05 at TE2) but mean arterial pressures were unchanged; mean pulmonary artery pressures decreased from TE1 to TE3 (27.6 +/- 6.9 vs 22.6 +/- 6.3 mmHg; p less than 0.05 at TE2) mainly because pulmonary artery diastolic pressures decreased from TE1 to TE3 (20.1 +/- 4 vs 11.1 +/- 5.2 mmHg; p less than 0.05 at TE3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Repercussion of risk factors associated with the development of chronic bronchial pathology on pulmonary function in children].

Of a total of 1,566 children, 1,416 of both sexes and aged 7 to 14 were subjected to functional respiratory exploration with a Vitalograph dry spirometer. The impact of tobacco smoke--as active and/or passive smokers--on the spirometric variables (FVC, FEV1, FEF2572, FEF50) evaluated by variance analysis (ANOVA) revealed no significant reductions. Asthma was the single antecedent of respiratory morbidity showing significant reductions in FEF2575, FEF50 among males alone; no significant reductions were observed for any of the other spirometric variables. No significant decreases were found in the spirometric variables on comparing two areas of the same city with the greatest difference in air pollution level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of a histamine nasal provocation tests on the results of the tubal compliance manometry test (TCM) in normal study subjects].

The Tubal-compliance-manometric test (TCM) assesses the passive and active tubal opening as well as the equilibration ability. The pressures necessary to open the eustachian tube (ET) are measured while performing the Valsalva maneuver and during swallowing (if needed with added pressure). The equilibration ability is also checked. Subjects with normal tympanometry were twice tested, at an interval of 1 to 2 weeks; 52 ETs (in 28 persons) entered the study. According to a variance analysis (ANOVA), there was no significant difference (alpha = 5%) between the two measurements (the results were time-independent). The mean opening pressures were 610 daPa (SD = 108) during the Valsalva maneuver and 97 daPa (SD = 40) during the swallow test. Nearly 14% of the tubes were considered floppy (unable to maintain a positive pressure). In order to study the influence of mucosal swelling on tubal function, 9 subjects (18 tubes) underwent a TCM before and after a nasal histamine provocation. The opening pressures in both tests were significantly altered (higher) after the provocation (ANOVA; 0.001 less than p less than 0.01). One tube became obstructed and two became floppy. The equilibration ability was not altered. The TCM proved to be of value as an easy, fast and quantitative test for assessing active and passive tubal function.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seasonal and daily variation of Aspergillus Mich. Ex Fr. spores in the atmosphere of Córdoba (Spain).

The atmosphere contains a complex of spores whose concentration and variation have been the subject of much study, mainly because of the relevance of fungi to allergic and aerobiological pollution problems. This paper reports on the cataloguing of the Aspergillus species present in the atmosphere of Córdoba, their seasonal and daily variation and their potential relationship with meterological parameters. The sampling was carried out in the city of Córdoba by using a volumetric trap on a culture medium; three samplings were done daily at various times throughout the year (May 1986-April 1987). An unreplicated variance analysis was applied to two variation sources in order to check for statistically significant differences between the number of colony forming units (CFU) detected at each sampling time. Meterological data and concentrations were also contrasted through statistical correlation tests. A total of 94,200 colonies were counted; 32.3% of all were from 24 species of the Aspergillus genus, of which A. fumigatus Fresen, was found to be the most abundant. Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, A. oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn, A. terreus Thom and A. ochraceus Wilhelm also occurred at a high frequency. All these species were detected throughout the year and in virtually all of the samplings, but particularly in autumn, which was the most favourable period for the occurrence of their spores, which in turn seemed to be conditioned by the time at which samplings were carried out, at least for the six most frequent species--A. candidus expected as it only occurred occasionally. Finally, the occurrence of spores of this genus seems to be positively and negatively correlated with meterological factors such as the wind speed and the temperature, respectively.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1990

Aggregation of blood pressure in families: genetic and environmental influences.

A study was undertaken to determine whether parent-child blood pressure (BP) resemblances reflect parent-child similarities in body build. Those studied were 889 children, 5-18 years old, their parents and relatives because of recognized correlations between body build and BP in individuals, along with familial clustering of these variables. To maximize the likelihood of demonstrating correlations between BP and body build in family members, BP and anthropometric variables of parents whose children were in the upper quintile (group I) and lower quintile (group II) of the same variables were compared. Variance analysis has shown that group I children were heavier (P less than or equal to 0.001) and more obese (P less than or equal to 0.01) than group II. The parents of group I had higher systolic BP (P less than or equal to 0.001), diastolic BP (P less than or equal to 0.01), were taller (P less than or equal to 0.0001), heavier (P less than or equal to 0.001) and more obese (P less than or equal to 0.01), than the parents of group II. Parent-children BP resemblances reflect parent-children similarities in body build. The study of group I children and their families may give important information about determinants of high BP in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Neuropsychological changes in demented patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitine.

The study was carried out on 24 patients suffering from mild to moderate dementia. The diagnosis of dementia was made according to DMS III criteria. Patients with cerebrovascular pathologies were excluded by using Hachinski Ischaemic Score less than or equal to 4 and computerized tomography parameters. Patients with depression (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression greater than or equal to 18) were excluded. All the patients, after a wash-out period of two weeks were treated on a simple blind method with acetyl-L-carnitine (No. = 12 patients) and piracetam (12 patients) by intravenous route (two weeks) followed by an oral one for further 10 weeks. A battery of clinical neuropsychological tests was applied to evaluate the cognitive, attentive and behavioural aspects. The results, analysed by non-parametric variance analysis (Friedman Test) show a statistically significant improvement of the behavioural profile, of attention and of psychomotricity in the patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitine. No significant improvement was found in the piracetam group.

Acetylcarnitine↗
PubMed1986

[Comparison between amiodarone and disopyramide in the treatment of ventricular extrasystoles].

The authors have compared the anti-arrhythmic activity and tolerance of disopyramide and amiodarone in the treatment of ventricular extrasystoles (VES) by using two quantitative methods of assessment. The stability of the rhythmic disorder was confirmed by two control Holter recordings in 20 patients without treatment, 16 of whom were bearers of an organic cardiopathy. The ventricular extrasystole was greater than 90 VES/hour in 18 patients. After the first control, Holter recording, each patient was treated successively with 400 mg of disopyramide/day in 4 doses for average period of 31 days, then a second Holter control recording without treatment, then 600 mg/day of amiodarone for 8 days followed by a maintenance dose varying from 200 to 400 mg/day: this second period of treatment lasted for an average of 38 days. The reduction of the number of VES was greater than 65 percent (SAMI criterion) in 2 of the 20 patients treated with disopyramide and in 13 of the 20 patients treated with amiodarone. Using the method of variance analysis, disopyramide was found to be efficacious in 5 cases out of 20 and amiodarone in 15 cases out of 20. Both methods indicate that the greater efficacy of amiodarone is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). All of those who did not respond to amiodarone were also non-responders to disopyramide.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Delayed skin hypersensitivity in man. The effect of repeated tests with low-dose antigen.

The effects of repeated applications of low doses of antigen on subsequent delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) responses induced by the same antigen were evaluated. Fourteen healthy individuals were tested with seven different antigens given intracutaneously with the Multitest system device (Institute Mérieux). The procedure was repeated on four occasions at 2-week intervals. At the first test, 11 and 13 participants displayed DCH to tetanus and tuberculin, respectively. Neither the proportion of responding individuals nor the mean diameter of the reactions was changed in subsequent tests. However, the DCH pattern varied significantly between subjects (p less than 0.001; variance analysis). There was also a significant variation between the test occasion and skin reactivity. It is concluded that repeated applications of low-dose antigen by Multitest do not boost the DCH response. However, because of the low frequency of response to certain antigens and the low reproducibility of the test, the usefulness of this test system to evaluate DCH reactivity is limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Ambulatory registration of arterial pressure during treatment with perindopril. Effects on systolic pressure and hemodynamic implications].

The effects of perindopril on the 24-hour arterial pressure levels were evaluated by ambulatory recording in 21 patients (mean age 48 +/- 2 years) with mild to moderate hypertension. At the end of a 3 months treatment with perindopril (4 to 8 mg per day in one dose), comparison by variance analysis of the mean values of arterial pressure over 24 hours before and after treatment showed a significant decrease of SAP (from 144 +/- 3 to 133 +/- 3 mmHg, p less than 0.01) and DAP (from 95 +/- 2 to 87 +/- 2 mmHg, p less than 0.01). The fall in arterial pressures was more pronounced during day-time (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) than at night. Particular attention was paid to the reduction of systolic pressure owing to its relation with arterial compliance. There was a significant correlation between ambulatory recordings of SAP and DAP before and after treatment (r = 0.82 and 0.76 respectively, p less than 0.001). Calculation and comparison of the corresponding regression slope showed that for any given level of DAP, SAP was lower after than before treatment. This effect is related to the increase of arterial compliance observed after treatment with perindopril, as already reported by other authors.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1989

Effects of medium-term PUVA therapy on peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets in psoriatic patients.

Three to four months' PUVA treatment is a widely-adopted procedure to induce psoriasis remission and for the purpose of this study is called "medium-term". The 32 psoriatic patients considered revealed a statistically significant baseline decrease in OKT3+ (p less than 0.001), OKT4+ (p less than 0.001) and OKT8+ (p less than 0.001) as compared with 40 healthy controls, while OKT4/OKT8 was normal. Variance analysis within the psoriatic group failed to reveal further significant variation in the immunological parameters during the 3 months under study. Nevertheless, there was a marked trend towards a reduction in OKT4+ cells and OKT4/OKT8 as compared with baseline values after 3 months. These results suggest that "medium-term" PUVA therapy does not statistically restore the pre-existing baseline changes in T-lymphocyte subsets of the psoriatic patients. The non-statistically significant effects as regards OKT4+ may be due to the small number of patients who reached 3 months' treatment (9 patients) but could be regarded as the first step towards the significant changes described here in long-term PUVA-treated psoriatic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and urine steroid excretion in hepatic cirrhosis].

In the present study we evaluated the alterations of plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and of steroid-derivatives urinary excretion in cirrhotic patients compared with normal controls. 107 patients have been studied: 45 affected by liver cirrhosis (22 males and 23 females) both in compensated and in ascitic state, and 62 healthy controls (32 males and 30 females). In all patients we assayed plasma DHEA-S by RIA as well as common liver function tests; moreover gaschromatographic profile of adrenal steroid excretion was performed in daily urine. Our findings show a significantly lower DHEA-S in cirrhotic patients compared with healthy controls, both males (451.7 SD 440.3 ng/ml vs 1438.3 SD 604.8, p less than 0.001) and females (225.5 SD 152.6 ng/ml vs 974.0 SD 405.7, p less than 0.001). Variance analysis confirmed that the difference was significant both for compensated and uncompensated ones. We also found some interesting relationships between DHEA-S and liver function tests, cholesterol and age. Urinary steroids were markedly low in both sexes, particularly adrenal sexual fraction. Our data show clear disfunction in DHEA-S metabolism in liver cirrhosis, partially related with the severity of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of aminazine, caffeine and the intensity of mental stress on psychophysiological functions and work effectiveness of humans].

The effect of CNS activation and mental load on human organism depends on the operator's working routine and is, to a great extent, connected with broad individual peculiarities of the tested subjects. The CNS activation increase is conducive to a favourable effect of activities under low mental loads and it also intensifies the appearance of erroneous actions under medium and high loads. The CNS activation decrease does not reduce the capacity to detect significant signals but tells on the speed and correctness of decision making. The application of the variance analysis while experimentally studying the combined effect of the CNS activation and mental load gives sufficient information on the effect of the CNS activation, load intensity and duration and the interaction thereof which can attain considerable values.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1989

[Ventilatory function of the lungs in Brac stone cutters].

The study aims at assessing whether occupational exposure to Brac limestone, which contains a minute amount of silica, induces disorders of ventilatory capacity. It included 71 male workers employed in a stone saw-mill and 134 controls. The ventilatory functions VC, FEV1, FEV 1% VC, MEF25, MEF50 i MEF75 were examined, and the values analysed in respect to smoking habit. Variance analysis established a homogenous distribution of VC parameters, while others were heterogeneously distributed. This can be explained by smoking habit as assessable factor, and not by exposure to limestone dust. It is assumed that the production of Brac limestone in the stone saw-mill does not cause disorders in ventilatory function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[ELISA method using microplates developed with commercial antisera for measuring von Willebrand factor antigen].

The commercial availability of free and peroxidase-conjugated anti-FvW IgG fractions makes it possible to use ELISA methods for FvW: Ag determination in the routine blood coagulation laboratory. A highly sensitive microplate ELISA method was developed in our laboratory (capable of detecting 0.02% FvW: Ag), which proved to be reproducible, quick and not expensive. No significant differences were found between the results attained on different days in 4 control samples (variance analysis), variation coefficient about 12% being observed even for samples with only 11% FvW: Ag. The standard and control sample curves were parallel, which discarded a dilution effect in the assay. The correlation with Laurell's method was r = 0.889 (n = 34, p less than 0.001) and with ristocetin cofactor it was r = 0.677 (n = 19, p less than 0.005).

Antigens↗