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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The problem of hypertension in aviators.

Any pilot who is found to have a diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg should be investigated and grounded or restricted to multi-crew operation pending control of the blood pressure. Those subsequently receiving thiazide diuretics should have their serum potassium level checked when established on treatment, and potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics prescribed if necessary. Treatment including beta-blocking therapy will require satisfactory performance testing. Cigarette smoking should be strongly and actively discouraged in pilots. High alcohol consumption is clearly hazardous and is a cause of hypertension. Useful biochemical markers of alcohol abuse include mean cell volume and gamma glutamyl transferase. There are abundant reasons for a conservative approach to new antihypertensive drugs in professional aircrew.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Glare in aviation.

The control of high-speed aircraft is a demanding task in which rapid decisions, based on visually acquired information, must frequently be made. Glare, both direct and veiling, is a prime cause of visual degradation in flight. The visual effects of glare are discussed together with means of reducing its consequences. In addition, the visual sequelae of looking at a nuclear fireball are discussed together with means of providing protection.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2000

The NIOSH/FAA Working Women's Health Study: evaluation of the cosmic-radiation exposures of flight attendants. Federal Aviation Administration.

Air crew are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic ionizing radiation of galactic and solar origin and are among the more highly exposed occupational groups to ionizing radiation in the United States. Depending on flight route patterns, the annual dose may range from 0.2 to 5 mSv. By comparison, the average annual radiation dose equivalent of occupationally exposed adults in the United States is estimated to be 1.1 mSv. Cosmic-radiation dose depends primarily on altitude and geomagnetic latitude and to a lesser degree on solar activity. Although the International Commission on Radiological Protection has recommended that air crew exposures to natural radiation in-flight be treated as occupational exposures, United States flight crew exposures to natural cosmic radiation are not regulated or typically monitored. There are approximately 148,000 air crew (flight deck crew and flight attendants) in the United States.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evolution of civil aeromedical helicopter aviation.

The rapid increase in the use of helicopters for hospital transport during the 1980s is the culmination of several hundred years of military medical innovation. Mass battefield casualties spurred both technologic and medical changes necessary for today's sophisticated helicopter systems in use worldwide, particularly in the United States. The Napoleonic Era and the American Civil War provided the framework for the evolution of today's state-of-the-art emergency medical techniques. The use of airplanes to evacuate the wounded eventually led to using helicopters for rescue missions in World War II. The combat experiences of the United States in Korea, the British in Malaya, and the French in Indochina proved that rotary-wing aircraft were invaluable in reducing battlefield death rates. Any skepticism about the efficacy of helicopter medical evacuation was erased during the Vietnam conflict. As an integral part of the modern battlefield, these specialized aircraft became a necessity. The observations and experience of American servicemen and medical personnel in Vietnam established the foundation for the acceptance of helicopter transport in modern hospital systems.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1985

Occupational and psychosocial stress among commercial aviation pilots.

The sources of occupational and domestic stress, together with life events and coping strategies, were assessed in terms of their influence on job dissatisfaction, mental health, and performance among a group of 442 commercial airline pilots. It was found that self-perceived poor performance was associated with job-related factors such as fatigue and anxiety about required courses, performance checks, and insufficient flying time, particularly among older pilots. Job dissatisfaction was predicted by lack of career opportunities, poor organizational climate and morale, and lack of autonomy at work, together with some domestic stressors (e.g., family health). Overall mental ill-health was found to be associated with lack of autonomy at work, fatigue, and flying patterns, together with an inability to relax and a lack of social support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Alcoholism and aviation medical certification.

A "history" of alcoholism may be 2 mo old or 20 yr ago. No two individuals are completely alike, and it would be nearly impossible to write a satisfactory regulation that could define when an individual is medically safe to return to flying. Individual consideration would seem to be the fairest way to deal with this issue.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1983

A survey of community attitudes towards noise near a general aviation airport.

This paper describes a community attitudinal noise survey performed in the vicinity of the Decatur, Illinois Airport. Two hundred thirty-one respondents were drawn from four distinct noise zones in populated areas near the airport. The day/night average sound levels (DNL) ranged from 44-66 dB. The area is otherwise quiet, residential with large (1/2 acre) lots. The primary analysis arrayed the percent of respondents highly annoyed versus DNL. Good agreement was found between the results of this survey and the general relation developed by Schultz from surveys worldwide, primarily in the vicinity of large commercial airports and highways. In addition, reasonable comparisons were found between respondent estimates of the number of aircraft operations and actual traffic counts. It was also found that respondents who were highly annoyed by aircraft noise were three to four times as likely to be highly annoyed by some other noise than were other respondents.

Aircraft↗