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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Atrial myxoma. Changes in clinical and paraclinical data. Apropos of 17 cases].

The clinical data and presenting signs of 17 cases of atrial myxoma (14 left atrial, 3 right atrial myxomas) were analysed. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the presenting features since the introduction of non-invasive methods of cardiovascular investigation. Two groups of patients were identified according to whether the tumour has been diagnosed before (Group A) or after (Group B) the advent of echocardiography. The diagnosis of cardiac tumour, especially myxoma, has become easier with echocardiography and radio-isotope techniques. The presentation of myxoma, recognised earlier, has changed; the features of advanced valvular disease with resistant heart failure are no longer seen. Variable, atypical clinical signs are now encountered (syncope, pyrexia of uknknown origin, transient ischaemic attacks). The average delay between the first sign and diagnosis was 30 +/- 32 months in Group A, compared to 4,6 +/- 6,5 months in Group B (p < 0, 005). Of the 7 patients in Group B, three had normal cardiac auscultation, and normal ECG, and four had normal ESRs. The diagnosis of myxoma should be considered at the least doubt and an echocardiographic examination, preferably with 2-dimensional echo should be requested. It not only allows positive diagnosis but also orientates the patient to surgery without further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Video stethoscope--a simple method for assuring continuous bilateral lung ventilation during anesthesia.

Complications of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are infrequent but important causes of intraoperative morbidity and mortality. We have developed a simple method of monitoring the ventilation of both lungs during general anesthesia and have evaluated this technique in 25 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. A small plastic electrocardiographic electrode casing fitted with a microphone was affixed to the skin overlying each hemithorax in a location where preliminary auscultation showed that breath sounds could be heard. The sounds from each microphone were amplified and displayed on an oscilloscope screen in an X-Y format. The patterns seen on the screen allowed easy identification of right mainstem intubation, esophageal intubation, or proper endotracheal tube placement. This preliminary study suggests that our technique is feasible and provides more information about the position of the endotracheal tube than presently used methods.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Method for respiratory sound analysis.

A system is described for the analysis of respiratory sounds by means of a dual-channel sound envelope detector and a real-time spectrum analyzer. A three-dimensional spectral analyzer display for frequency, amplitude, and time has been utilized. Respiratory sounds have been observed with intensities up to 0.5 N/m2 and with normal frequencies in the range of 0 to 1.5 kHz. This system can extract useful information from the sounds of respiration, information which is not available by conventional auscultation.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1980

[Current therapeutic principles as well as new therapeutic aspects of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. II. Pathophysiology, natural course and diagnosis].

Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis is a noncompensatory hypertrophy of the myocardium which above all concerns the ventricular septum in its upper part near to the basis. The etiology is not yet sufficiently clarified, though a genetic component is regarded as ascertained on account of the proved familial accumulations. Haemodynamically the morphologic changes effect a systolic obstruction of the left-ventricular outflow, an insufficiency of the mitral valve and an aggravated diastolic filling of the left ventricle. Further pathophysiological symptoms of the functional subaortic stenosis are an extremely rapid ejection of blood in the early, not obstructive phase of the systole as well as a pathological forward movement of the mitral valve beginning in the midst of the systole. The disease has a bad prognosis. To be sure, the natural course is usually characterized only by a slow progression of the complaints, however, particularly in adolescents frequently sudden cases of death appear by disturbances of the cardiac rhythm or a relative coronary insufficiency. The disease which is already frequently to be diagnosed according to anamnesis, auscultation, ECG and form of the pulse curve may be ascertained using the ultrasound echocardiography as well as heart catheterization including angiography. Apart from a direct measurement of the ventriculo-ventricular pressure gradient during wuch examinations the size of the functional obstruction may further be characterized by certain pharmaca or physical methods which influence the volume of the ventricle or the afterload.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1980

[Early history of cardiological diagnostics].

The history of modern cardiology begins with William Harvey, the history of cardiodiagnostics, however, with William Heberden and the inaugurators of percussion and auscultation. Nearly all methods needed a long initial period, before they stood the test as routine measures. The revision of positive judgments of their value became necessary whereever new methods entered into competition with techniques which proved their value for long years and which apparently could not be renounced. Up to now schemes of thinking remained characteristic for the heart, the historical basis of which was shown in the present paper.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1982

Endotracheal intubation of the neonate.

Endotracheal intubation in the newborn may be a lifesaving procedure, a especially in cases of meconium aspiration and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. All equipment for performing intubation should be available in the delivery area. The most common and potentially serious error is leaving the endotracheal tube in the wrong position. Auscultation of the chest and abdomen must be performed and a chest x-ray obtained to document the location of the tube.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the correlation of acoustical sounds and ultrasound velocimetry in the subclavian steal syndrome.

Patients with suspected subclavian steal syndrome were examined by Doppler ultrasonography and by auscultation, particular attention being paid to the velocity profiles and "augmentation bruits" in the vertebral arteries, and the findings being compared with angiography. This was done with the patients at rest and during and after ischemic exercise of the affected arm. The recorded bruits were analyzed for their frequency content and it was found that the bruits in a particular kind of vessel are well characterized by the first moment of the spectrum. A good correlation between the Doppler ultrasound results and the acoustical sound pattern accompanying hyperemic flow was found. The two methods are supplementary and complementary in the non-invasive diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome. To demonstrate the multifacetted appearances of the syndrome three cases are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The deaf doctor.

Cardiopulmonary auscultation and considerable difficulty in hearing lecturers are major problems which face prospective deaf medical students. As a result, their opportunities for obtaining a medical degree have been, until recently, severely limited. However, rapid advance in electronics research have now made available to them a suitably amplified electronic stethoscope and a free-field radio transmission system.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

[Pitfalls during ultrasonography investigation of the carotid arteries (author's transl)].

The authors describe the principal pitfalls and sources of error encountered during the application and interpretation of continuous ultrasonography examinations of the carotid artery. These include poor examination technique, limitations of the ultrasonography examination, and incorrect interpretation of results. The effects of these errors in relation to each segment of the carotid axis are discussed, and the importance of comparing the results obtained with those of palpation and auscultation of the cervical region is emphasized. The greatest difficulty is the certain recognition of a pathological signal from the internal carotid artery: acceleration, turbulence, absence of signal. This latter anomaly may be present both when there exists an occlusion of the internal carotid artery and a pseudo-occlusive stenosis of this artery. The difference is fundamental from the therapeutic point of view. Ultrasonography does not therefore replace arteriography but can assist the decision to undertake urgent or delayed operative therapy.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1981

[Bilateral stenosis of the renal arteries with normal urography (author's transl)].

In theory, negative urographic findings in severe hypertension exclude a renovascular origin. However, when both renal arteries are dysplastic urography may remain perfectly normal even though arteriography demonstrates tight stenoses and these patients are cured by surgical treatment. In the case reported here the only clinical sign of stenotic renal arteries was a systolic murmur on auscultation of the abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The cause and clinical significance of diastolic heart sounds.

Auscultation becomes more meaningful when the forces that cause the cardiac sounds are understood. We review the mechanisms responsible for the diastolic heart sounds and correlate them with various clinical conditions that affect their timing, loudness, and pitch. A careful search for these soft and illusive sounds should be included as part of every cardiac examination since their proper identification can supply important diagnostic and prognostic information.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of auditory versus electronic assessment of antenatal fetal welfare.

The relationship of auscultation of fetal heart rate accelerations to fetal movements, and the comparison of fetal heart rate accelerations with those observed on a fetal monitor, are reported. This auditory nonstress test (NST) was usually confirmed by the electronic fetal monitor. These results indicate that 94.6% of reactive auditory NSTs may allow elimination or reduction of the need for electronic fetal monitoring.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1980

[Physical symptoms in heart failure].

Certain physical signs of heart failure found on examination of the neck veins, the arteries and the heart itself often are ignored. These neglected though important signs are abnormalities of the jugular venous pulse, arterial pulsus alternans, alterations of the apical impulse and, on auscultation, the third heart sound. Certain clinical conditions cause specific signs of heart failure, i.e. acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac constriction and tamponade as well as acute rupture of the aortic valve. These general and specific signs of heart failure are discussed.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arterial pressure in the newborn infant].

With routine techniques of auscultation and palpation and with the introduction, as useful in the newborn, of the retrograde filling technique, blood pressures were measured in 100 healthy newborns at Hermosillo, Son. Normality limits are established and are reported and illustrated graphically.

Auscultation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mitral valve prolapse.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is usually a primary, dominantly inherited condition. Diagnosis may be made by auscultation of a midsystolic click and late-systolic murmur that move dynamically with postural maneuvers. Echocardiography confirms the diagnosis by demonstrating M-mode late-systolic prolapse and 2-D leaflet billowing into the left atrium. More severe forms of MVP can be detected echocardiographically by documentation of significant mitral regurgitation, enlargement and thickening of the mitral leaflets and anulus, and loss of leaflet apposition. In contrast to earlier reports, the true "MVP syndrome" consists of low body weight and blood pressure, minor skeletal abnormalities, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations and mitral regurgitation of variable degree. Complications of MVP include progressive mitral regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and possible risk of neurologic ischemia, arrhythmic sudden death, and orthostatic syncope. Risk factors for complications among MVP patients include older age, male gender, the presence of a mitral regurgitant murmur, and, possibly, higher weight and blood pressure. MVP patients with neither a murmur nor Doppler evidence of mitral regurgitation may be reassured that their condition is benign. For other MVP patients, the presence and severity of mitral regurgitation govern the frequency and intensiveness of needed follow-up.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1995

[Hiatal hernia associated with mitral prolapse in childhood].

Authors examined 17 cases of hiatal hernia, out of which 13 proved to have mitral valve prolapse. The diagnosis was based on auscultation, ECG and echocardiographic examination. The incidence of mitral valve prolapse (76.5%) found in this study in considerably high. Up to now no such relationship has been reported in the literature. At the moment it could not be stated that similar aetiological factors may play any role in the developmental of both hiatal hernia and mitral valve prolapse. At the same time it can not be excluded either, that the hiatal hernia and mitral valve prolapse are not a part of a connective tissue disorder. Authors plan to follow up the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recognition and management of mitral stenosis.

Mitral stenosis may be recognized simply on routine physical examination from abnormalities on auscultation, which are subsequently confirmed by Doppler echocardiographic examination. The diagnosis may also be suspected in patients in whom the history is suggestive of rheumatic fever and in whom physical diagnosis reveals findings indicative of mitral stenosis. Occasional cases of mitral stenosis are picked up in the Doppler echocardiography laboratory when a patient has not been suspected of having mitral stenosis but in whom a routine echocardiogram has been taken, for whatever reason. If there is any doubt about the presence of mitral stenosis, confirming the presence of a diastolic pressure gradient across the mitral valve during cardiac catheterization permits one to make a definitive diagnosis as well as estimate the area of the stenotic valve orifice. Intervention with either surgery or balloon valvotomy is indicated when the mitral valve area falls to < or = 1.2 cm2 in a symptomatic patient.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗