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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlas of the mouse adrenal gland reveals sexual dimorphism in steroidogenic enzyme and hormone receptor expression.

The adrenal cortex shows sexual dimorphism in structure and function. We analysed adrenal glands from 7-week-old male and female BALB/c mice using Visium HD with Cellpose 3 segmentation, comprising 236,077 cells across eleven populations, including four cortical zones. Using curated marker-gene-based zonal annotation, we focused on steroidogenic enzymes and hormone receptors, complementing our companion study based on the same primary dataset. The X-zone was nearly absent in males but prominent in females. Females showed higher Hsd3b1 expression across cortical zones and higher Cyp11b1 expression in outer cortical compartments. The strongest sex difference involved Srd5a2, with markedly higher expression in male zona fasciculata (inner: 77.1% vs. 28.9%), independently supported by RNAscope and immunohistochemistry. Mc2r and Mrap showed discordant spatial distributions, with limited co-expression, suggesting potential MC2R-independent MRAP roles. Agtr1a dominated angiotensin II receptor expression in zona glomerulosa without major sex differences, providing a zone-resolved reference for adrenal sexual dimorphism.

Adrenal cortex↗
PubMed1998

Body surface mapping of atrial arrhythmias: atlas of paced P wave integral maps to localize the focal origin of right atrial tachycardia.

Successful curative treatment of right atrial tachycardia (AT) can be obtained provided detailed catheter activation mapping of the target site for radiofrequency energy application has been accomplished. However, right AT mapping may be difficult with a single roving catheter due to infrequent presence or noninducibility of the arrhythmia. The present report describes the preliminary clinical use of body surface mapping as an adjunctive noninvasive method to identify the region of AT origin prior to catheter ablation. This technique has been previously applied to develop a reference data base of 17 different paced P wave integral map patterns. The data base was designed by performing right atrial pace mapping in patients without structural heart disease. Each P wave integral map pattern in the data base is unique to ectopic activation onset in a circumscribed right atrial endocardial segment. Localization of the segment of AT origin is accomplished by matching the P wave integral map of a single AT beat with the data base of paced P wave integral maps. The use of body surface mapping as an integral part of the mapping protocol during radiofrequency catheter ablation of right AT offers the possibility to: (1) noninvasively determine the arrhythmogenic target area for ablation using a single beat analysis approach; (2) confine detailed catheter activation mapping to a limited area; and (3) accelerate the overall procedure and limit fluoroscopic exposure by reducing the time required for mapping.

Body Surface Potential Mapping↗
PubMed2000

Towards an atlas of human helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa: the use of geographical information systems (GIS).

The value of a geographical perspective to infectious disease epidemiology and control has long been recognized. However, the labour required to produce maps, and keep them up to date, has inhibited the development of this area, and very little is currently known about the spatial distribution of parasitic infections other than malaria, trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis. A recent initiative by an international group of collaborators is attempting to redress the absence of detailed spatial information on the major helminth infections of humans. In this article, Simon Brooker and colleagues describe progress made by this initiative in mapping helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the value as well as the limitations of this empirical mapping approach.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed1989

A computer based handbook and atlas of pathology.

The Diagnostic Encyclopaedia Workstation (DEW) is a computerized handbook of pathology intended for use in diagnostic practice. It consists of a combination of a personal computer (PC), a video disc player (VDP), for which a specially developed disc is used, two monitors, a mouse and software. The hard disc of the computer contains textual information on diagnoses in categories such as macroscopy, common histology, immunopathology, clinical observations and prognosis and case histories. This information is frequently illustrated by pictures on a video disc which is automatically addressed by the computer software. All pictures, at present some 3000, pertain to case histories which are included in the system. Also integrated are classification aids in two categories: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis. Advantages of DEW over the use of conventional manuals are 1) the extensive volume of text, 2) the large number of high quality illustrations, 3) the immediate access to cross references and 4) the potential for continuous revision.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed1999

A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).

In this article part of the forebrain of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is presented in stereotaxic coordinates. The stereotaxic procedure was performed as follows. With the vole's head mounted in a stereotaxic adaptor, internal reference tracks were made with a 0.5-mm diameter microdialysis cannula and India ink, 2 mm in front and 2.6 mm behind the skull landmark bregma. Brains were fixed for 72 h in 4% commercial formaldehyde in sodiumcacodylate buffer containing 1% CaCl2. To determine shrinkage they were weighed before and after fixation. After embedding in paraffin they were sectioned at 25 microm and stained with Nissl. Photomicrographs were taken from the brain of one animal while its frontal (antero-posterior) coordinates of five neural structures were compared with those of 12 other voles. Variability was also checked in lateral and vertical directions at frontal level -1.0 mm (relative to bregma). The results show that the distance between the two skull landmarks bregma and lambda correlates significantly and negatively with the antero-posterior position of each of the brain areas. On the basis of these results an equation is proposed to improve accuracy in locating neural structures that deviate due to biological variability.

Animals↗