Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ASCITES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with serosa involvement. A rare differential diagnosis of ascites].

A 21 year old caucasian male suffered for 14 days from cramping abdominal pain, associated with nausea and vomiting. 6 weeks later he was admitted to our hospital because of rapidly increasing ascites. Further examinations led to the following decisive findings: Marked eosinophilia in the white cell count; marked eosinophilia in protein rich ascitic fluid; infiltration of serosal layer with eosinophils; no evidence for parasites in blood, faeces and ascites in multiple probes; no evidence for malignant or rheumatoid disease. Histology and cytology of probes obtained at laparoscopy led to the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ascites. After low dose prednisolone therapy we observed a complete relief of symptoms and ascites disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of cellular phenotypes in tumor cyst and ascitic fluid from ovarian serous carcinoma.

Density gradient centrifugation was applied to isolate cell subsets from tumor cyst and ascitic fluid in eight patients with ovarian serous carcinoma. A comparison of cellular composition and immunologic reactivity of cells from the cysts and from ascitic fluid in each patient was performed. Some differences in density profiles were found, but in each case the consistency of morphologic cell forms in the primary tumor and ascites was documented. Immunophenotypic analyses of isolated cellular fractions using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against ovarian carcinoma-associated antigens showed significant immunologic intratumoral heterogeneity. However, there was a similarity of antigen expression in cells from the primary tumors and ascitic fluids. Our study indicated that morphologic and antigenic characterization of a given tumor could be determined in a single representative sample of ascitic fluid.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1992

[The modelling of the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma and teratoma T-36 with ascitic fluid and tumor-cell dialysate].

The study of the effect of ascitic fluid and dialysate of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (M.m. less than 15 kDa) on the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma and teratoma T-36 has shown that both the ascitic fluid and dialysate can protect tumor cells in vivo. The number of animals with tumors increased from 0% in control animals to 60 and 20%, respectively, in experimental ones after transplantation i.m. of 20 x 10(3) Ehrlich tumor cells into mice. Compared to control, ascitic fluid and dialysate of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells increased the rate of tumor growth to 195 and 153%, respectively. It is suggested that this test-system simulates the effect of tumor humoral factors in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Two findings of portal hypertension: evaluation of correlation between serum-ascites albumin gradient and esophageal varices in non-alcoholic cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Esophageal varices and serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) are two major findings of portal hypertension. Recently, correlation between these two findings in patients with cirrhosis due to alcohol has been attracted attention. We aimed at evaluating whether a correlation exists between these parameters in the patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. METHODS: Albumin levels in the serum and ascites and esophageal varices were studied and the correlation between these parameters was assessed in 45 patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis detected between January 2002 and June 2003. RESULTS: Thirty-two of the patients were male and 13 female. The average age of the patients was 56.3+/-12.5 years (range 22-85 years). The causative agents were found to be hepatitis B virus in 35 patients and hepatitis C virus in six patients; no etiology could be determined in the remaining four patients. Serum level of albumin was determined as 2.53+/-0.53 g/dl, ascites level of albumin as 0.42+/-0.31 g/dl and SAAG as 2.1+/-0.51. Endoscopic esophageal examination revealed first-degree esophageal varices in 15 patients, second-degree esophageal varices in 18 patients and third-degree esophageal varices in eight patients; no esophageal varices could be found in four patients. There was no correlation between the degree of the esophageal varices and serum levels of albumin (p=0.7) and SAAG (p=0.2); but a weak correlation was found between the degree of the esophageal varices and ascites levels of albumin (p=0.03, r=0.30). Furthermore, the patients were classified by their SAAG values, and their varices were then assessed. Two of four patients with SAAG values between 1.1 and 1.49 had esophageal varices, as did 13 of 15 patients with SAAG values between 1.5 and 1.99, and all of the patients with SAAG values greater than 2.0. CONCLUSION: All SAAG values were greater than 1.1 in our non-alcoholic cirrhosis cases. The correlation that has been found to exist between SAAG and esophageal varices could not be found in our patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. It is remarkable that most of the patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis presenting with ascites and all of the patients with an SAAG value greater than 2.0 had esophageal varices.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Report of two cases with pleural effusion and ascites that responded dramatically to the combination of thalidomide, celecoxib, irinotecan, and CDDP infused in thoracic and abdominal cavities].

Malignant pleural effusion (PE) and ascites are associated with highly symptomatic, advanced-stage cancers. These fluid accumulations cause severe symptoms such as abdominal distention, shortness of breath, cachexia, anorexia, and fatigue. Malignant PE and ascites have consistently been shown to indicate a poor prognosis in advanced-stage cancer patients, being associated with high morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of this treatment is variable and does not prolong the survival of cancer patients. Clearly, a more effective therapy for malignant PE and ascites is needed. Vascular permeability factor (VPF) from malignant ascites and PE have been hypothesized to be responsible for the fluid accumulations. In addition, malignant PE and ascites contain high levels of biologically active VEGF. VEGF was discovered as a potent angiogenesis stimulator and recognized to be VPF. Increased amounts of COX-2 have been detected in epithelial and stromal cells and COX-2 in mammary tissue is sufficient to induce cancer. It is suggested that COX-2 stimulates angiogenesis. A combination of molecular target inhibitors (thalidomide and celecoxib) and standard cytotoxic drugs appear to increase efficacy of each drug, decrease the side effects of cytotoxic drugs and prolong life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Relationship between interleukin-10 level in ascites of patients with primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma and immune defect in peritoneal cavity].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: As a multifunctional Th2-cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10)plays a major role in the immune response. It is well known that IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, and participates in the development and progression of various tumors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the IL-10 level in the ascites of the patients with primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma (POEC) and immune defect in the peritoneal cavity. METHODS: The IL-10 levels in serum and ascites of 32 patients with POEC, in culture supernatants of 4 different ovarian carcinoma cell lines and in serum of 10 patients with ovarian epithelial benign tumor and 10 health women (control) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: (1) IL-10 level in ascites was significantly higher than that in serum of patients with POEC, (159.78+/-51.20 ng/L vs 12.01+/-4.38 ng/L, P=0.000). IL-10 level in serum of the patients with POEC (12.01+/-4.38 ng/L) was significantly higher than that of the patients with benign tumor (3.79+/-2.40 ng/L, P=0.000) and control (4.45+/-2.69 ng/L, P=0.003). There was no significant difference of IL-10 level in serum between ovarian benign tumor and control (P=0.529). (2) IL-10 level in ascites of the patients with POEC was correlated with FIGO stage but not correlated with histological grade. (3) IL-10 was detectable in culture supernatants of 4 different ovarian cancer cell lines (3ao, SKOV3, CAOV3 and OVCAR). CONCLUSION: High level of IL-10 in ascites of the patients with POEC is probably associated with immune defect in their peritoneal cavity, ovarian cancer cells may promote metastasis in peritoneal cavity by secreting IL-10.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Measurement of docetaxel concentration in blood and ascites after drip infusion into each vessel and intraperitoneal cavity of gastric cancer].

We measured docetaxel (TXT) concentrations in the blood and ascites after drip infusion into each vessel and intraperitoneal cavity of a patient with advanced gastric cancer. The peak concentration was reached immediately (first time 244 ng/ml, second time 215 ng/ml) after the infusion of TXT (25 mg/m2) into the vessels. The concentration of TXT for ascites peaked after 30 min of drip infusion (first time 26 ng/ml, second time 30 ng/ml). AUC ascites/AUC blood was 27.2% and 35.8% respectively. This is the first report demonstrating the concentration of TXT in ascites after drip infusion into vessels. When TXT was administered into the peritoneal cavity, the peak concentration of ascites was reached immediately (54,200 ng/ml). After 240 min, the TXT concentration in the peritoneal cavity was still high (14,200 ng/ml). In blood, the level peaked (64 ng/ml) at 120 min. After 240 min, the TXT level in the blood remained 44 ng/ml. AUC blood/AUC ascites was only 0.25%. These results suggested that the transition rate of TXT from blood to intraperitoneal cavity was excellent, and that TXT was suitable for the treatment of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Furthermore, infusion of TXT (25 mg/m2) into the peritoneal cavity may directly and systemically provide its antitumor effect. If we prefer the antitumor effect directly, a much lower dose infusion of TXT may be recommended.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2004

Management of ascites in patients with end-stage liver disease.

Ascites is the most common complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Approximately 50% of patients with compensated cirrhosis will develop ascites over a 10-year period. This occurrence is an important milestone in the natural history of end-stage liver disease because only 50% of patients survive 2 to 5 years (depending on the cause of cirrhosis) after its onset. Salt restriction and diuretics are the mainstays of therapy, and these measures are effective in approximately 90% of patients. Large-volume paracentesis or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt can be used in patients with refractory ascites as either a bridge to transplant or as palliation. Cirrhotic patients with ascites should be carefully monitored for the development of bacterial peritonitis, and those at greatest risk should receive antibiotic prophylaxis. When spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is suspected, prompt diagnostic paracentesis followed by broad-spectrum antibiotics and albumin infusion can be life saving. Orthotopic liver transplantation should be considered in all patients with decompensated liver disease with or without ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMed2004

[Cancer antigen 125 as a marker of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is usually used to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. It has recently been reported that liver cirrhosis is associated with elevated serum CA-125, especially in the presence of ascites. The aim of the study was to evaluate CA-125 as a marker of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. Seventy-two (72) patients with liver cirrhosis of different aetiology were studied. Ca-125 levels were measured in stored serum collected from the patients. Ca-125 concentrations were elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites, irrespective of patients' sex and cirrhosis aetiology. CA-125 concentrations were normal in cases of liver cirrhosis without ascites. Elevated cancer antigen 125 is a sensitive marker of cirrhotic ascites. An inappropriate use of this test in cases of liver cirrhosis in females may suggest the ovarian cancer incident and lead to unnecessary surgical intervention.

Ascites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Peritoneo-saphenous shunt for the treatment of ascites].

UNLABELLED: The life quality of the patient suffering from hepatic cirrhosis is affected by ascites refractory to drugs treatment. In the last 30 years, in the ascites treatment there were performed peritoneo-jugular shunts through synthetic prosthesis with unidirectional valve-LeVeen, Denver. The siliconated prostheses are expensive and in the process of time complications are registered consisting of clogged valve or obstruction, requiring thus their replacement. The unidirectional drainage of the ascites can also be performed through peritoneo-saphenous shunt. In our clinic, the peritoneo-saphenous shunt was applied for the first time in 2004, in three patients with hepatic cirrhosis with ascites refractory to drugs treatment. The postsurgical evolution was favourable, a gradual increase of diuresis and reduction of abdominal diameter being registered in all the three cases. CONCLUSIONS: the peritoneo-saphenous shunt is a simple procedure, it does not require special devices and it can be applied with success in the treatment of refractory ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ascites as a presenting feature of relapsed multiple myeloma. Report of a case diagnosed by aspiration cytology.

A 68-year-old woman with IgG-type multiple myeloma (MM) in remission and a chief complaint of ascites was found to have peritoneal fluid involvement by myeloma cells on cytologic study. There are only a few reports describing the cytologic features in patients presenting with ascites as the first manifestation of relapsed MM. IgG myeloma, however, is one of the rarest types. The patient had had pancreatic involvement months before her presentation with ascites, which itself is a rare manifestation of relapsed MM. Cytologic smears of ascitic fluid showed isolated and incoherent groups of cells with plasmacytoid features. To recognize myeloma as a cause of ascites is important because it may respond well to therapy. Aspiration cytologic study can be considered a useful method for follow-up and diagnosis of MM relapse even without a biopsy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between serum-ascites albumin concentration gradient and endoscopic parameters of portal hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the correlation between the level of serum-ascites albumin concentration gradient (SAAG) and the complications of portal hypertension (PHTN), manifested by the presence and grade of esophageal varices (EV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study included 32 patients with ascites, demonstrated by ultrasonography, who had measurement of the SAAG. All had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with assessment of the presence and size of EV. High SAAG was considered to be present when SAAG was >=1.1 g/dl and Low SAAG when it measured < 1.1 g/dl. RESULTS: We found that 25 of 32 (78.13%) patients had High SAAG and 7 of 32 (21.87%) had Low SAAG. Esophageal varices were present in 18 of 25 (72%) patients with High SAAG and in none of 7 (0%) patients with Low SAAG (p =<0.001). Among patients with High SAAG, EV were present in four of 8 patients (50%) with SAAG values of 1.10-1.49g/dl; in four of seven patients (57.1%) with SAAG values of 1.50-1.99g/dl; and in ten of ten (100%) with SAAG values of >=2.0g/dl (p = 0.037). The size of the esophageal varices had no association with the level of SAAG in patients with High SAAG (p = 0.426). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ascites the presence of esophageal varices is associated only with patients with High SAAG. The presence of EV in patients with ascites and High SAAG is directly related to the degree of SAAG. The size of the EV in patients with ascites and High SAAG is not associated with the degree of SAAG.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin blocking factor(s) in the ascites of patients with advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer.

Ascites obtained from human ovarian cancer patients contains material(s) that inhibit the cytolytic activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) in vitro. These inhibitor(s) are found in ascites from ovarian cancer patients and are detected in very low amounts in the ascites from patients with nonmalignant hepatic disease. These ascites TNF/LT blocking factors are heat sensitive and heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight. Kinetic studies indicate these factors inhibited cytolysis at the stage of TNF/LT interaction with membrane receptors on L929 cells. Because TNF and LT are key cytokines in host cell-mediated antitumor mechanisms, factor(s) that inhibit these cytokines could have a profound effect on the tumor host interaction and their presence in the ascitic fluid, should be considered before designing clinical trials that employ intraperitoneal administration of TNF or LT for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fibronectin, cholesterol and triglycerides ascitic fluid concentration in the prediction of malignancy.

There have been few trials comparing the efficacy of determinations of cholesterol, fibronectin and triglycerides for diagnosis of malignant ascites. In this study we measured these in 200 ascitic fluids from 93 cirrhotic patients (Group A), 47 hepatocellular-carcinoma patients (Group B), 60 extra-hepatic tumour patients (Group C), 44 of them with malignant cells (Group Cpos) and 16 without (Group Cneg). Anova one-way and the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons showed that fibronectin and cholesterol were significantly higher in the ascitic fluids of patients of group C than of groups A and B (mean +/- ESM) (Cholesterol in A: 27.2 +/- 2.8; in B 23.5 +/- 1.5; in C: 68.6 +/- 5.3 mg/dl. Fibronectin in A: 32.7 +/- 2.8; in B 31.3 +/- 2.6; in C 127.7 +/- 11.1 mg/l). Both were significantly higher in Group Cpos than in Group Cneg (Cholesterol in Cneg: 41.2 +/- 6.7; in Cpos: 78.6 +/- 6.2 mg/dl. Fibronectin in Cneg: 55.0 +/- 11.2; in Cpos 154 +/- 12.3 mg/dl). We found no differences between cirrhotic ascites and malignant ascites due to primary liver hepatocellular-carcinoma. No difference at all in triglycerides were detected. With the Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, cholesterol had the best Youden Index (57%) at a cut-off of 32 mg/dl (sensitivity 78.3%, specificity 79.3% at this level); the best Youden Index (64%) for fibronectin had a cut-off of 60 mg/dl (sensitivity 65%, specificity 89.3%). Triglycerides appeared to be a great deal less effective as a diagnostic marker, with their best Youden Index (23%) at a cut-off 32 mg/dl (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 56.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A rare case of chylous ascites and chyluria in an adult nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

The authors report the first case of chylous ascites and chyluria in a 65-year-old Thai women with nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), tip variant. She presented with generalized edema and abdominal discomfort. Abdominal paracentesis revealed milky white fluid. Chylous ascites was confirmed. Abdominal and thoracic computed tomography did not show any cause of chylous ascites and chyluruia. Lymphoscintigraphy could not demonstrate lymph flow obstruction and connection between lymphatic pathway and KUB system. Those could have explained the chylous ascites or chyluria. Hypoalbuminemia-induced bowel edema may predispose to change the permeability of mucosal or serosal lymphatics. This could result in chylous ascites but the cause of chyluria could not be determined in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[MELD score in prediction of early mortality in patients suffering refractory ascites treated by TIPS].

UNLABELLED: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) is now well established in the treatment of complications of symptomatic portal hypertension such as acute or recurrent variceal bleeding, refractory ascites and Budd-Chiari syndrome. In some patients with refractory ascites who belong to group C according to Child-Pugh classification (score around 12), the indication of the procedure could be very questionable and early mortality is quite high. However, in some cases, the subgroup of such risky patients can profit from TIPS. Child-Pugh classification is used for the stratification of the patients routinely. During the last decade other scoring systems occured to bring a better prognostic value. MELD (Model for End stage Liver Disease) score, based only on laboratory values is one of them. Comparison of these two scoring systems in patients treated by TIPS in previous trials brought certain discrepancy, but MELD score seems to be better in predicting early mortality. The aim of our study was to determine retrospectively the predictive accuracy of MELD score for the early mortality in comparison to Child-Pugh score in patients treated for refractory ascites by TIPS. METHODS: We evaluated 110 patients (mean age 55 years) with liver cirrhosis (61% of patients with alcoholic etiology), who underwent TIPS for refractory ascites in our center from September 1992 to December 2003. MELD and Child-Pugh score was calculated and then compared between groups with early (one month), three month and one year mortality, and those who survived over this period (one, three and twelve months), comparing MELD and Child-Pugh score (ROC analysis and Student's T test were used). RESULTS: Mean follow up was 23 months. Average MELD score in the whole group was (16). In patients, who died within one month the score before TIPS was 21, three months 20 and 18 one year. Comparing MELD score between subgroups and then Child-Pugh score, only for MELD score there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in one month. Using ROC (AUC) analysis, discriminant power of MELD score was superior to Child-Pugh score for one (0.73 vs 0.63) and three month (0.73 vs 0.67) mortality. The discriminant power for one year mortality was low in both scores. CONCLUSION: MELD scoring system is a better tool to predict the risk of early mortality in patients with refractory ascites treated by TIPS than Child-Pugh classification. The discriminant power was low in both scores in one year horizon.

Ascites↗
PubMed2006

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with malignant ascites responding to weekly paclitaxel therapy].

A 54-year-old woman with scirrhous gastric cancer in the upper third area was admitted to our hospital. She was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer that was inoperable due to peritoneal metastasis, so weekly paclitaxel (PTX) therapy was carried out. After 2 courses, malignant ascites completely disappeared and bilateral hydronephrosis improved. After 4 courses, no ascites or hydronephrosis were seen. Only neutropenia (grade 2) and alopecia (grade 1) were observed as adverse events during the therapy, but no major adverse events were noted. We also investigated the concentration of paclitaxel in ascites. Two hours after intravenous injection of PTX, the concentration of PTX in ascites rose over the reported cytotoxic dose of PTX, and this available concentration was maintained after 48 hours. Weekly paclitaxel therapy is suggested to be one of the safe and useful treatments for advanced gastric cancer with malignant ascites.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Saphenous--peritoneal shunt in refractory ascites: a neglected technique.

Management of intractable ascites has always been a challenge. Peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) plays a major role in the surgery of intractable ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. Positive pressure gradient between the ascitic fluid and venous pressure leading to one-way drainage of ascitic fluid into venous circulation is the mainstay. Over decades, various modifications of shunting technique have been done. Here we report our experience with this procedure which is safe, easy and effective. Here the long saphenous vein is used as a drainage system. One-way ascites flow is ensured by a natural valve in the saphenous orifice.

Ascites↗