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PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of indirect immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis and prognosis of intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis in endemic areas (author's transl)].

A comparative study of 108 patients with patient amoebiasis and a reference group of 85 free of the disease but living in endemic area. The positivity of the test has been more frequent and has given higher titers in the extra-intestinal forms than in the intestinal ones. The positivity rate in the reference group has been 15 per 100.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1981

Circulating immune complexes in bacillary and amebic dysentery.

In order to study the relationship between the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and the severity and duration of acute dysentery, we studied 11 adults and 45 children in Bangladesh with bacillary and amebic dysentery, using the Raji cell and solid-phase C1q (C1q-SPA) assays. CIC were found in 70% of patients with shigellosis and in all eight cases of amebic dysentery. Mild shigellosis was associated with positive samples in the first week of clinical illness, whereas severe cases, including those with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, had negative admission assays but positive convalescent assays. Samples positive in the first two weeks of illness were more likely positive by the Raji cell assay alone whereas samples in the third and fourth weeks of illness were positive more often by the C1q-SPA assay. Only one shigellosis sample was positive by both assays. In amebiasis 11 of 13 samples were positive by the Raji assay alone. In dysenteric disease circulating immune complexes probably represents the failure of the inflamed mucosa to exclude microbial and dietary antigens, and suggests that the presence of CIC in any intestinal disease must be interpreted with caution.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed2002

Amoeba-like infections in cultured marine fishes: systemic infection in pompano Trachinotus falcatus L. from Singapore and gill disease associated with Paramoeba sp. in sea bream Sparus aurata L. from Greece.

Two cases of Amoeba-like infections in cultured warmwater marine fish are described, an unusual systemic infection in pompano Trachinotus falcatus L. from Singapore and a gill infection in Mediterranean sea bream Sparus aurata L. All pompano showed marked systemic infection of Amoeba-like parasites in gills, kidney, intestine, pancreas and spleen. The most severe lesions were in the gills and renal tissue with minimal tissue reaction in other organs.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal helminthic and protozoal infections and urinary schistosomiasis in Egyptian children.

To extend information on the current distribution and frequency of parasitic infections in Egypt, one stool and one urine specimen from 2945 children, aged 6 to 12 years old were examined. The children were from 10 schools, one in Cairo, 2 in Giza Governorate, and 7 in the Nile delata. Frequency rates for S. mansoni by school were 0.3% in Cairo, 8-15% in Giza, and 3-79% in the delta; for S. haematobium, rates were 3% in Cairo, 25-71% in Giza, and 0-33% in the delta. Rates for strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, and trichostrongliasis were low in each location never exceeding 1%. Frequency rates for ascariasis were 3-31%, ancylostomiasis 3-8%, enterobiasis 2-22%, hymenolepiasis 4-20%, amebiasis 13-52%, and giardiasis 5-25%. F. hepatica infections (0.01%) were found in Sobtas, and an 8% H. heterophyes infection rate was found in Mataryia.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Infection and immunity mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain of the Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin.

Entamoeba histolytica causes invasive amebiasis, a major parasitic disease of the developing world, whose primary symptoms are liver abscess and colitis. All strains of E. histolytica express a 260-kDa surface Gal/GalNAc lectin that is antigenically conserved and immunogenic. The lectin is required for adherence to human intestinal epithelial cells and contact-dependent killing of immune effector cells. By expression cloning, the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) was identified within the lectin heavy-subunit cysteine-rich region. Of interest for a hepatic parasite, the CRD had sequence identity to the receptor-binding domain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and competed with HGF for binding to the c-Met HGF receptor. In an animal model of invasive disease, immunization with the CRD inhibited liver-abscess formation, yet in humans, a naturally acquired immune response against the CRD did not persist.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Pleuropulmonary amebiasis.

Amebiasis is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the world. Approximately 500 million people worldwide are infected with Entamoeba histolytica. Invasive disease is more common in the immunosuppressed, pregnant women, children, and alcoholics. Amebic colitis and liver abscess are the most common intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of E. histolytica infection. Pleuropulmonary complications occur almost exclusively in individuals with a liver abscess. Common pleuropulmonary complications include right-sided sympathetic effusions, empyema, basilar atelectasis, lung infiltration, and lung abscess. Bronchohepatic fistula is an unusual and distinctive problem characterized by expectoration of sputum that may resemble anchovy paste. Left hepatic lobe abscesses occasionally produce left-sided pleuropulmonary complications and may result in lethal rupture into the pericardium. Diagnosis is based on demonstration of the organism in clinical specimens; however, false-negative microbiological study results commonly occur even with active infection. Serological studies can confirm the diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting, and newer immunological tests on blood, fluid, and tissue specimens show promise. Metronidazole remains the treatment of choice, and although surgical drainage is contraindicated, percutaneous drainage of abscesses and empyema may occasionally be indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Ultramicroscopic study of the colonic mucosa infected by E. histolytica].

In eight guinea pigs, trophozoites of E. histolytica HM-2 IMSS strain grown in plurixenic conditions were inoculated in their cecum. Two died two days after inoculation; the remaining si- were sacrificed six days afterwards. Tissue samples were obtained from amebic lesions and nearby areas. At ultramicroscopic level it was observed that epithelial cells in contact with the parasite had short and/or scanty microvilli, swollen mitochondria, ER dilatation and absence of the terminal bar. When trophozoite was within the epithelium, cells in contact with it were destroyed; basement membrane was elongated before it was broken up by the parasite. In the lamina propria trophozoites were found close to glands, blood capillaries and in contact with macrophages, lymphocytes, and most cells. No polymorphonuclear cells were identified in all samples studied. Capillaries were congestive, lacking polymorphonuclear cells. It was postulated that probably initial colonic mucosa lesion in amebiasis depends solely upon parasite action.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cysteine proteinases and the pathogenesis of amebiasis.

Amebiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropical world. Entamoeba histolytica is now recognized as a separate species from the morphologically identical E. dispar, which cannot invade. Cysteine proteinases are a key virulence factor of E. histolytica and play a role in intestinal invasion by degrading the extracellular matrix and circumventing the host immune response through cleavage of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgG, and activation of complement. Cysteine proteinases are encoded by at least seven genes, several of which are found in E. histolytica but not E. dispar. A number of new animal models, including the formation of liver abscesses in SCID mice and intestinal infection in human intestinal xenografts, have proven useful to confirm the critical role of cysteine proteinases in invasion. Detailed structural analysis of cysteine proteinases should provide further insights into their biochemical function and may facilitate the design of specific inhibitors which could be used as potential chemotherapeutic agents in the future.

Amebicides↗
PubMed1996

[Low digestive hemorrhage caused by amebic colitis].

Amebiasis is an infectious disease produced by Entamoeba histolytica, which has invasion capacity of the colon mucosa. It has different clinical forms, varying from the asymptomatic carrier state to severe, although not frequent, fulminant or necrotizing colitis, with an important necrosis of the colon mucosa. Perforation or intestinal bleeding are possible. We report one case of patient who had a history of recent travel to India. Was admitted with a clinical picture of abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever. Initially he received treatment with Metronidazole and steroids, because of doubts in the endoscopy diagnosis of Crohn's Disease versus Amebic Colitis. The patient developed a fulminant colitis, that required emergency surgery because of lower intestinal massive bleeding. During the operation perforations of the caecum and rectum were found. We performed a total colectomy with ileostomy and closing of the stump rectal. Six months later a second operation was made for the reconstruction of the intestinal continuity by an ileal pouch and rectal anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Amoebiasis distribution in the past: first steps using an immunoassay technique.

The identification of parasites in ancient human faeces is compromised by differential preservation of identifiable parasite structures. However, protein molecules can survive the damage of the environment and can be detected even after centuries. In this paper it is shown that is possible to detect copro-antigen of Entamoeba histolytica in historic and prehistoric human faecal remains, using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kit. The kit uses monoclonal antibody-peroxidase conjugate specific for E. histolytica adhesin. A total of 90 specimens of desiccated faeces found in mummies and ancient organic sediment from South America, North America, Africa, and Europe were examined. The ELISA detected 20 positive samples, dated to about 5300 years before present to the 19th Century ad. The positive samples are from archaeological sites in Argentina, USA, France, Belgium, and Switzerland. The detection of protozoan antigen using immunoassays is a reliable tool for the studies of intestinal parasites in the past.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica in patients with schistosomal colonic polyposis.

Two hundred and fifty-seven Egyptian patients were classified into three groups: patients with schistosomal colonic polyposis, those with simple schistosomiasis without polyposis, and a non-schistosomal group. A diagnosis of schistosomiasis was made by clinical history and examination plus three fresh stool examinations or a rectal biopsy. The presence of schistosomal colonic polyps was established by sigmoidoscopy and biopsy of polyps. Stool examinations were made on all individuals, using the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde technique to detect Entamoeba histolytica. We found the prevalence of amebiasis in the group with schistosomal colonic polyposis (37%) to be significantly higher than that in the non-schistosomal group (11%) and in the schistosomal group without polyposis (15%). The difference in prevalence of amebiasis between the simple schistosomal and non-schistosomal groups was not significant.

Adolescent↗