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PubMed1985

[Liposomes as a carrier of genetic information].

Incorporation of genetic material into the bilayer lipid vesicles (liposomes) and the subsequent transfer of liposomal content into cells or protoplasts appear to be a promising technique for transfer of genetic information. The following three methods are most frequently used to incorporate DNA into liposomes lipid microinjection into aqueous phase, multistep treatment of the lipid suspension by ultrasonication, Ca2+ ions and EDTA, reverse phase evaporation. Viral particles, chromosomes, nuclei, viral nucleic acids, plasmids and chromosomal DNA can be successfully transferred into animal and plant protoplasts by the described technique. Successful transformation of a number of microorganisms (Neurospora, E. coli, B. subtilis, Streptomyces, Mycoplasma) with the liposome incorporated DNA has also been reported. Transformation frequency can be considerably increased by optimizing the conditions of liposome formation or of liposome-protoplasts interaction.

Genetic Engineering↗
PubMed1982

Recombinant DNA technology and its application to developmental biology.

The present state of knowledge strongly supports the view that development and differentiation is a function of variable gene activity. The crucial area of ignorance, however, is the mechanism that controls gene expression. The recent development of powerful experimental techniques in molecular biology, commonly referred to as recombinant DNA technology, now permits investigations toward understanding the mechanism(s) operant in regulation of gene activity. The technique basically involves the use of several recently discovered enzymes that facilitate cutting and joining DNA to construct recombinant molecules, which can be transferred from one organism to another. The information thus obtained on structure, organization, and expression of genes would help unravel the mysteries of mechanisms involved in fundamental life processes.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

Recombinant DNA in medicine.

Studies in bacteria and bacterial viruses have led to methods to manipulate and recombine DNA in unique and reproducible ways and to amplify these recombined molecules millions of times. Once properly identified, the recombinant DNA molecules can be used in various ways useful in medicine and human biology. There are many applications for recombinant DNA technology. Cloned complementary DNA has been used to produce various human proteins in microorganisms. Insulin and growth hormone have been extensively and successfully tested in humans and insulin has been licensed for sale. Mass production of bacterial and viral antigens with recombinant DNA technology is likely to provide safe and effective vaccines for some disorders for which there is no prevention. The cloned probes for the human alpha- and beta-globin loci, for specific disease genes, such as the Z allele of alpha-antitrypsin, and for random genomic sequences are proving useful for prenatally diagnosing human genetic disorders and preventing their clinical consequences.

Bacterial Infections↗