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Results for “multimodality”

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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Osteosarcoma of the trunk treated by multimodal therapy: experience of the Cooperative Osteosarcoma study group (COSS).

The case histories of all patients with osteosarcoma of the trunk entered into the consecutive studies COSS 80 through COSS 86 of the Cooperative German/Austrian Osteosarcoma Study Group (COSS) were analyzed in order to evaluate their clinical characteristics and the impact of modern neoadjuvant therapy on prognosis. They were compared to those of all patients with extremity osteosarcoma treated according to the same protocols. While tumors of the trunk comprised only 32 (4.8%) of 665 primary classical osteosarcomas, secondary osteosarcomas were much more likely to be located in bones of the axial skeleton (6 of 18, 33%). Patients with primary osteosarcoma of the axial skeleton were older (mean: 20.8 vs. 15.2 years, P < 0.01) and were more likely to present with metastases at diagnosis (34% vs 12%, P < 0.001) than those with primary extremity osteosarcoma. In contrast to extremity tumors, local surgical treatment failure was very common in osteosarcomas of the trunk. Complete tumor removal was achieved in less than half of all evaluable cases. The prognosis of eight patients with localized primary axial osteosarcoma and effective surgical local control was not inferior to that of 483 equally evaluable patients with extremity tumors. In conclusion, while secondary systemic spread of axial osteosarcoma may be avoided in patients treated with multiagent chemotherapy, successful treatment is often barred by primary metastatic disease and inability to control the local tumor site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Q-ball reconstruction of multimodal fiber orientations using the spherical harmonic basis.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) accurately delineates white matter pathways when the Gaussian model of diffusion is valid. However, DTI yields erroneous results when diffusion takes on a more complex distribution, as is the case in the brain when fiber tracts cross. High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) overcomes this limitation of DTI by more fully characterizing the angular dependence of intravoxel diffusion. Among the various HARDI methods that have been proposed, QBI offers advantages such as linearity, model independence, and relatively easy implementation. In this work, reconstruction of the q-ball orientation distribution function (ODF) is reformulated in terms of spherical harmonic basis functions, yielding an analytic solution with useful properties of a frequency domain representation. The harmonic basis is parsimonious for typical b-values, which enables the ODF to be synthesized from a relatively small number of noisy measurements and thus brings the technique closer to clinical feasibility from the standpoint of total imaging time. The proposed method is assessed using Monte Carlo computer simulations and compared with conventional q-ball reconstruction using spherical RBFs. In vivo results from 3T whole-brain HARDI of adult volunteers are also provided to verify the underlying mathematical theory.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Successful treatment of MYCN amplified, progressive stage 4S neuroblastoma in a neonate with hepatic artery embolization in addition to multimodality treatment.

Stage 4S metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) has a favorable prognosis due to a high rate of spontaneous regression. Young infants risk lethal complications arising from hepatomegaly, which can develop rapidly despite treatment. MYCN oncogene amplification confers a significantly worse prognosis. We describe a 4-week-old neonate with MYCN-amplified stage 4S NB complicated by gross hepatomegaly causing rapidly progressive respiratory, hepatic, and renal failure. The child remains in remission 3 years after hepatic artery embolization, radiotherapy, standard, and high-dose chemotherapy. Embolization of the hepatic artery, with classical treatment, is feasible and safe at this age and may contribute substantially to the management of high-risk patients.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2006

Multimodal management, including precisely targeted irradiation, in a severe refractory case of Evans syndrome.

A challenging case of acute autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) which evolved into a chronic refractory case of Evans syndrome over a period of more than 23 years is presented and may illustrate current therapeutic dilemmas now perplexing patients and clinicians. Newer modalities are being developed and their eventual role in the scheme of clinical management remains to be established. While this development unfolds, highly targeted radiotherapy was applied in this case to reduce platelet uptake by a refractory recurrent splenule with the goal of stabilizing the platelet count until promising investigational thrombopoietic agents or other newer, less toxic therapies might become available for wider application.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cancer serum index: a useful nonspecific test as a parameter in multimodality screening and assessment of patients with cancer of the prostate.

A satisfactory, simple test for screening and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer is still being sought. We suggest the use of a nonspecific test in combination with other tests. The ratio of two serum proteins (alpha 1 acid glycoprotein [AGP] and prealbumin [PAB]), may be useful markers for a cancer serum index (CSI). By separating serum components by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, staining and quantitating these proteins by scanning densitometry, and dividing the area of AGP by that of PAB, indices can be obtained. In a test of sera from 450 patients with prostatic cancer, other urologic problems, and normal controls, CSIs of 360 sera presently decoded were found to be: (Formula: see text). The CSI should prove highly valuable when used in combination with selected prostatic cancer tests.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1999

Multimodality therapy for carcinoma of the Bartholin gland.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the value of chemoradiation in the management of cancers of the Bartholin gland. METHODS: Primary treatment consisting of 45-46 Gy teletherapy radiation to the vulva, pelvis, and groins in combination with 50 mg/m(2) of cisplatin and 1000 mg/m(2)/day of 5-fluorouracil for 5 days during the first and fifth weeks of irradiation was delivered, followed by interstitial implant or excision. RESULTS: Two patients were free of disease at 30 and 59 months following therapy. Both patients required myocutaneous flap closure, one after excision of tumor after radiation and one after radionecrosis at the implant site. CONCLUSIONS: Primary chemoradiation may allow continence-sparing therapy for women with primary carcinoma of the Bartholin gland.

Bartholin's Glands↗
PubMed2001

Increasing specificity in perceptual development: infants' detection of nested levels of multimodal stimulation.

This research assessed the development of infants' sensitivity to two nested amodal temporal relations in audible and visible events. Their detection of global temporal synchrony between visible and audible impacts and internal temporal structure nested within each impact specifying object composition (single versus compound objects) was assessed. Infants of 4, 7, and 11 weeks of age were habituated to a single and a compound object striking a surface and then received test trials depicting a change in synchrony or object composition. Results indicated an interaction between age and condition where sensitivity to synchrony was present by 4 weeks and remained stable across age, whereas sensitivity to composition emerged later, by 7 weeks, and increased dramatically with age. These findings converge with other recent findings to illustrate a pattern of increasing specificity in the development of perception, where infants first detect global and later detect embedded relations. The early sensitivity to global relations may provide an organizational framework for development by focusing infant attention on unitary events, guiding and constraining further exploration, and buffering infants from learning incongruent relations.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1997

Brainvox: an interactive, multimodal visualization and analysis system for neuroanatomical imaging.

A study of cognition emerging from a neurobiological perspective, as opposed to one emerging from a purely computational or psychological perspective, begins with observations of the human brain in normal and pathological states and is furthered by the investigation of hypotheses which are articulated using neuroanatomical nomenclature. Brainvox is an interactive three-dimensional brain imaging software package designed to permit such research through the support of the description and quantification of brain pathology in magnetic resonance images and of the experimental investigation of human cognition in lesion and functional imaging studies. Important general features of Brainvox, for these purposes, are: (1) adaptation of volume rendering for brain lesions and for corendered datasets; (2) shared memory architecture, which enables the user to identify and label anatomical structures, while inspecting the brain in multiple views simultaneously; (3) modular program design, including interlocking command-line utilities, which make Brainvox extensible and empower users without programming expertise to implement new analysis techniques through Unix shell scripting; and (4) full integration of three-dimensional tools for visualization with tools for analysis. Specific features include a new object templating technique (MAP-3) for studies of groups of brain-lesioned subjects, a complete and extensible suite of command-line processing utilities, a three-dimensional optimal graph-searching tool, and a method for planning PET slices and matching MR and PET slices (MP_FIT).

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1997

Multimodal image coregistration and partitioning--a unified framework.

This paper presents a method for the coregistration and partitioning (i.e., tissue segmentation) of brain images that have been acquired in different modalities. The basic idea is that instead of matching two images directly, one performs intermediate within-modality registrations to two template images that are already in register. One can use a least-squares minimization to determine the affine transformations that map between the templates and the images. By incorporating suitable constraints, a rigid body transformation which directly maps between the images can be extracted from these more general affine transformations. A further refinement capitalizes on the implicit normalization of both images into a standard space. This facilitates segmentation or partitioning of both original images into homologous tissue classifications. Once partitioned, the partitions can be jointly matched, further increasing the accuracy of the coregistration. In short, these techniques reduce the between-modality problem to a series of simpler within-modality problems. These methods are relatively robust, address a number of problems in image transformations, and require no manual intervention.

Brain↗