Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Urban Spatial Distribution”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring the interactions of the determinants of health.

Considering environmental sanitation and health care services as most important determinants of health, this study was undertaken to know their impacts in an urban slum area of Calcutta. The families were studied in-depth and detail in relation to their health status in the form of morbidities and utilisation of preventive and promotive services. The health service impact was mainly assessed through comparative study between these who availed the services and to these who did not. Similarly, environmental sanitation services impact on health was measured through comparing the slum group with those who lived in Pucca houses. The criteria of priority decision on determinants was attempted through analysis of cost of these services and comparing their beneficial effects on health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Seroprevalence of anti-HCV in an urban child population: a pilot survey in a developing area, Cameroon.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the principal agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis and its spread in the community is not well defined. We evaluated the prevalence of anti-HCV (ortho ELISA System) in 696 children (4-14 years) in Kumba, Cameroon. Children were selected by systematic random sampling in six primary schools. A seroprevalence of 14.5% (101 children) was found which increased steadily with age. No significant differences were observed with respect to sex or to family size. There was a highly significant association both with parents' social class, the lowest class presenting a 2.2-fold risk factor, and with area of residence, suburban children showing a significantly higher prevalence (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that Cameroon is endemic for HCV infection, that children are infected at an early age and that infection increases with age. We can therefore hypothesize that transmission of HCV infection in this population is from child to child. Furthermore, the infection seems to be influenced by social factors but not by demographic ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The demographic profiles of the world's largest cities: a baseline analysis and policy implications.

"This paper examines the demographic profiles of 74 of the world's largest cities through cluster analysis, which classifies the cities into distinctive groups based on population size, net population change, rate of natural increase, sex ratio, age composition, and dependency ratios. Discussions of the results focus on: the strikingly different demographic profiles of the large cities in more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs); the simultaneous similarities and differences among MDC cities and socialist and former socialist cities; and the particular demographic characteristics of certain MDC and LDC cities. The paper also draws research implications for the data and method used and urban policy implications for the demographic and socioeconomic conditions in very large MDC and LDC cities."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

The bases of differences between American and Canadian cities.

The author presents a reanalysis of multivariate data used in a 1986 study by Goldberg and Mercer entitled "The myth of the North American city: continentalism challenged", which examined differences between U.S. and Canadian cities. He concludes that "if one factors out that part of the variance in these 34 variables associated with metropolitan population, racial composition, and variations in the boundaries delimiting central municipalities, and in the criteria used to delimit metropolitan areas in the two countries, then the apparent national urban differences they find are considerably muted."

Americas↗
PubMed1991

[The use of census data to estimate levels of urbanization].

Problems concerning changes in the definition of urbanization for demographic analysis are examined. "This article attempts to examine the problem by clarifying the definition of the concept and indicators of urban and urbanization and by making a longitudinal analysis of urbanization using the Indonesian 1920-1990 Census data." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Health practices and indices of a poor urban population in Indonesia. Part I: Patterns of health service utilization.

This first section in a two-part study of health indices and practices among residents living in a Jakarta slum describes the use of public and private primary health care services in relation to socioeconomic and health status. As problems associated with urban poverty rapidly increase in developing countries, it is important to study the ethnic and economic diversity which exists in slums and shanty towns: results of such studies should inform the development of effective strategies for outreach and service delivery. Through a survey of 690 mothers and 593 children, we found that 1) poorer residents were more likely than relatively affluent ones to rely on local government clinics (posyandus) for primary health care; 2) regular posyandu users were more likely than non-users to be fully immunized and to use ORT correctly; 3) delivery in hospital was common among all residents, but especially among the more affluent; and 4) prevalence of contraception was high and not associated with socioeconomic status or type of primary health care service used. Strengthening primary health care services at the government's local health posts could benefit all groups in the community if wealthier residents participated more in the posyandus. Standards of care in the private sector should also be improved.

Child Welfare↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of malnutrition among children in an urban squatter settlement in Petaling Jaya.

In a study of mild to significant malnutrition in an urban squatter settlement, the weights for age of 297 children between birth and ten years, and the heights for age and weights for height of 197 children between two to ten years were analysed. Using NCHS standards, the overall prevalence of underweight was found to be 18.9%, stunting 15.2%, and wasting 11.2%. Age and ethnicity were significantly associated with the prevalence of underweight and stunting. The growth achievement of children below the age of two years were significantly better off than the older children, and Chinese children significantly better off than Malay and Indian children.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of childhood disability in a southern Indian city: independent effect of small differences in social status.

A random sample of mothers living in two neighbourhoods of a southern Indian city were interviewed in order to determine the prevalence of serious disability in children 2-9 years old. These areas were selected because residents constitute either the lowest class or the next higher socioeconomic class (next-to-lowest class), with monthly incomes of US$ 10-15 and 32-42 respectively. A previously validated screening instrument was used with documented sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95% when applied under similar conditions. Disability was found to be more common among children of the lowest class families (17.2%) when compared with the next-to-lowest class families (8.4%); with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.36 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-3.64). Specific types of disability were examined and found to be consistently more prevalent in the lowest class. These results suggest that comparatively small differences in social status can be associated with important differences in health status.

Child↗