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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Increase in group II excitation from ankle muscles to thigh motoneurones during human standing.

In standing subjects, we investigated the excitation of quadriceps (Q) motoneurones by muscle afferents from tibialis anterior (TA) and the excitation of semitendinosus (ST) motoneurones by muscle afferents from gastrocnemius medialis (GM). Standing with a backward lean stretches the anterior muscle pair (TA and Q) and they must be co-contracted to maintain balance. Equally, forward lean stretches the posterior muscle pair (GM and ST) and they must be co-contracted. We used these conditions of enhanced lean to increase the influence of gamma static motoneurones on muscle spindle afferents, which enhances the background input from these afferents to extrafusal motoneurones. The effects of the conditioning volleys on motoneurone excitability was estimated using the modulation of the on-going rectified EMG and of the H reflex. Stimulation of afferents from TA in the deep peroneal nerve at 1.5-2 x MT (motor threshold) evoked early group I and late group II excitation of Q motoneurones. Stimulation of afferents in the GM nerve at 1.3-1.8 MT evoked only late group II excitation of ST motoneurones. The late excitation produced by the group II afferents was significantly greater when subjects were standing and leaning than when they voluntarily co-contracted the same muscle pairs at the same levels of activation. The early effect produced by the group I afferents was unchanged. We propose that this increase in excitation by group II afferents reflects a posture-related withdrawal of a tonic inhibition that is exerted by descending noradrenergic control and is specific to the synaptic actions of group II afferents.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Oxygen supply-consumption balance in the thigh muscles during exhausting knee-extension exercise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in muscle oxygenation between the individual muscles involved in an exhaustive knee-extension exercise. Eight active women performed exercise by extending the knee joint from 90 degrees to 30 degrees (60 extensions min-1) at 20%, 30%, and 40% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Changes in oxy-(delta HbO2), deoxy-(delta Hb), and total (delta HbT) hemoglobin concentrations, and oxygen saturation (delta SO2NIRS = HbO2/HbT) in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were measured with a spatially resolved near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS). The delta SO2NIRS in the VL and RF decreased rapidly from the pre-exercise control value (VL: 75.6 +/- 0.9%; RF: 81.6 +/- 1.6%) at the onset of exercise at three different intensities, although no significant difference in delta SO2NIRS was found between the two muscles at this time. However, the delta SO2NIRS decreased more rapidly thereafter and reached a lower value at exhaustion in the VL than in the RF. The difference in delta SO2NIRS between the VL (-10.3 +/- 1.7%) and RF (-4.0 +/- 1.0%) was significant (p < 0.05) when exercise intensity was 30% MVC. When the decreases in delta HbO2 and delta HbT (p < 0.05) were compared at different exercise intensities, the values at 30% and 40% MVC were significantly lower (delta HbO2: p < 0.01; delta HbT: p < 0.05) than those at 20% MVC in the VL, but there was no significant difference in any of the parameters in the RF, or in delta Hb in the VL. These results suggest that the muscle oxidative response to exhaustive knee-extension exercise differed between the VL and RF muscles. At exhaustion, oxygen saturation decreased to a lower level in the VL than in the RF, and an intensity-dependent difference in muscle oxygenation parameters was observed at 30% MVC in the VL but not in the RF muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Intramuscular haemangioma of the thigh in a basketball player.

Haemangioma is a common benign soft tissue tumour. Intramuscular haemangiomas may present as a perceived sporting injury. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice. Intramuscular haemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained pain and swelling in a muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Recurrent haematomas of the thigh: a case of von Willebrand's disease presenting to a sports clinic.

Von Willebrand's disease is a relatively common mild form of haemophilia. It should be suspected in assessing sports injuries when excessive bleeding occurs in response to relatively mild trauma. Those with the disease should remain active but avoid contact sports. They should not take aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which may exacerbate bleeding, and should be given supportive treatment to cover dental extraction, surgery, or significant bleeding episodes.

Adult↗