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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of a chocolate bar supplementation on moderate exercise recovery of recreational runners.

To study the effects of a chocolate bar supplementation before exercise on improving recovery of physiological and metabolic changes induced by exercise, 16 male students aged 18-20 years voluntarily served as subjects. A crossover design was employed. Each subject took part in two trials and ran an hour on a treadmill with the intensity of keeping heart rate at 148-150 min for each trial. Results showed that plasma glucose levels of subjects increased significantly (5.42 +/- 0.83 mmol/L) at 15 min after ingestion of a chocolate bar and maintained in moderate high levels (4.92 +/- 0.57 mmol/L) until 30 min after an hour's running while the glucose levels were low and dropped to under normal ranges (3.84 +/- 0.31 mmol/L) at 30 min after exercise as they were with a supplement of placebo. Results of plasma FFA, blood lactate and plasma urea nitrogen levels and RPE all indicated that chocolate bar supplementation before exercise benefits to create the necessary prerequisite for exercise and recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A case of bullous frostbite following recreational snowmobiling.

Frostbite is the occurrence of localized tissue freezing and injury. It results following cold exposure of sufficient magnitude or duration to cause acute tissue damage. Although there are several conditions that predispose to frostbite, all are at risk if subject to sufficient cold exposure. We discuss a case of frostbite presenting with bullae localized to the neck resulting from extreme cold encountered while snowmobiling at night in Minnesota, an entity known by some local practitioners as "polaris vulgaris."

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal study of the number and choice of leisure time physical activities from mid to late adolescence: implications for school curricula and community recreation programs.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) declines during adolescence. There has been little research describing this decline or examining participation and nonparticipation in specific activities. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of change in the number of physical activities, the time spent on specific activities, and the stability of participation and nonparticipation in specific activities during adolescence. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based 4-year longitudinal study of adolescents recruited from a single suburban school district near Pittsburgh, Pa. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 782 adolescents, aged 12 to 15 years at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical activity was measured annually via questionnaire. Outcome measures include hours per week of PA, number of reported activities, and participation (yes or no) in specific activities. RESULTS: Physical activity declined during the 4 years by 26%. The decline in PA was primarily due to a decrease in the number of reported activities. Adolescents who continued to report an activity during the 4 years of the study maintained or increased the time spent on that specific activity. Female adolescents were more likely to report individual activities, while male adolescents were more likely to report team activities. The probability of maintaining participation in a specific activity during the 4 years was low to moderate, 0.02 to 0.47 for female adolescents and 0.04 to 0.71 for male adolescents. The probability of not participating in a specific activity during the 4 years was extremely high and consistent for male and female adolescents, 0.70 to 1.00. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in PA during adolescence is primarily due to a decrease in the number of activities in which the adolescent is participating, and there is only a moderate probability that an adolescent will continue to participate in an activity during the 4-year period from junior to senior high. Future efforts should be directed at identifying factors associated with initiating and maintaining participation in specific activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Recreating the biological pacemaker.

In recent years, several groups have reported a variety of strategies for developing biological pacemakers whose ultimate function would be to supplement/replace electronic pacemakers. Strategies have included gene therapy using naked plasmids or viral vectors and cell therapy for which both adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human embryonic stem cells have been employed. This article reviews the various approaches and summarizes our own research in which the pacemaker gene, HCN2, is administered via viral vector or in an hMSC platform to produce pacemaker function in the intact canine heart.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2002

Myocardial infarction following the combined recreational use of Viagra and cannabis.

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra, Pfizer, Inc., New York, N.Y.) is widely prescribed as a treatment for male erectile dysfunction. It is metabolized predominantly by the cytochrome P450 3A4 hepatic microsomal isoenzyme and effects can, therefore, be potentiated by such inhibitors. The vasodilatory effects of Viagra necessitate caution in its use in patients with cardiovascular disease and it is contraindicated in patients receiving nitrates. Previous literature has drawn attention to Viagra use and myocardial infarction. This paper reports the case of a young man who presented with a myocardial infarction after taking Viagra in combination with cannabis, a known inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mutagenicity of some alkyl nitrites used as recreational drugs.

When the AIDS epidemic was in its earliest stages, and prior to identification of HIV as the etiological factor, the use of volatile nitrites by the male homosexual community to enhance sexual activities appeared to have a significant role in this disease. Preliminary observations indicated that the portion of the male homosexual community which developed Kaposi's sarcoma were also heavy nitrite users. These nitrites had been demonstrated to be mutagenic in bacteria and thus it was postulated that they could be responsible for the appearance of the sarcoma. To evaluate further the genotoxic activity of these chemicals, six nitrites, including those most commonly used by homosexuals for sexual gratification, were selected for testing in the mouse lymphoma TK+/- and Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assays. One chemical, n-amyl nitrite, was negative in the mouse lymphoma assay, while the other five chemicals, n-butyl, isobutyl, iso-amyl, sec-butyl, and n-propyl nitrite, were positive. All six compounds were positive in the Salmonella assay. The mutagenic and known toxic effects of these chemicals remain a concern because a large population of teenagers and young adults continue to abuse these substances.

Amyl Nitrite↗
PubMed2001

Prospective memory, everyday cognitive failure and central executive function in recreational users of Ecstasy.

Chronic use of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), or Ecstasy, is believed to lead to impaired psychological performance, including well-documented decrements in laboratory and field tests of retrospective memory. Less is known about the impact of Ecstasy on aspects of 'everyday' memory, despite obvious concerns about such effects. The three studies reported here focused on the impact of chronic Ecstasy use on prospective memory (PM), associated central executive function and other aspects of day-to-day cognition. In study 1 46 regular Ecstasy users were compared with 46 Ecstasy-free controls using the Prospective Memory Questionnaire (PMQ). Ecstasy users reported significantly more errors in PM (remembering to do something in the future); these findings persisted after controlling for other drug use and the number of strategies used to aid memory. No difference was found between representative subgroups on the Lies Scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. In study 2 a different group of 30 regular Ecstasy users and 37 Ecstasy-free controls was assessed on the PMQ and on a central executive task comprising verbal fluency measures. The results confirmed the significant impairments in long- and short-term PM and revealed corresponding impairments in verbal fluency. In study 3 15 Ecstasy users, 15 cannabis users and 15 non-drug users were assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, which requires participants to provide ratings of the frequency of various day-to-day cognitive slips. The results indicate that the Ecstasy users did not perceive their general cognitive performance to be worse than that of controls. Taken together, these results suggest that Ecstasy users have impaired PM that cannot be explained by an increased propensity to exaggerate cognitive failures. These may be attributable, in part, to central executive deficits that are due to frontal lobe damage associated with Ecstasy use. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal Article↗