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A commercially available ELISA designed for the detection of C trachomatis in human urogenital specimens was compared with cell culture for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in cat conjunctival swabs and in twofold dilutions of a cell culture pool of a feline strain of C psittaci. Cell culture was more sensitive than the ELISA test for detection of C psittaci.
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The prevalence of infection with Chlamydia psittaci, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocara cati and Microsporum canis was examined in 51 cats on 22 sheep farms in the Bristol area. Serum antibody to C psittaci and T gondii was present in 45 per cent and 47 per cent of cats, respectively. At the time of sampling C psittaci was isolated from 6 per cent of the cats, T cati was identified in 63 per cent of faecal samples but neither T gondii nor M canis was isolated. When examined according to the farm of origin, 22.7 per cent of farms had cat populations with no evidence of infection with C psittaci or T gondii. Of the remainder, 45.5 per cent supported cat populations with evidence of both infections and 31.8 per cent had evidence of T gondii infection alone. None of the farms had cat populations with evidence of C psittaci infection alone. Two of the cats infected with C psittaci were excreting viable organisms in the faeces. The possible significance of this to the epidemiology of ovine enzootic abortion is discussed.
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Nasal and conjunctival swabs were obtained from 300 horses and Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from 15 of them (5 per cent). Eleven nasal swabs and six conjunctival swabs were positive on culture, but there was no association between the isolation of the organism and the presence of clinical ocular or respiratory disease. Six ponies were challenged with an equine isolate of C psittaci into the eye, nasal cavity or bronchial tree. The organism could be isolated from nasal and conjunctival swabs taken from the ponies for up to 17 days after challenge, but there was no clinical evidence of disease.
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The sensitivity and specificity of an immunoscreening test for anti-chlamydial antibodies in koala (Phasolarctos cinereus) serum were determined after the adsorption of non-specific antibodies. The results of the test were compared with complement fixation tests, tissue culture, gene probe analysis and dot blot immunoscreening for host-borne chlamydial antigen. The immunoscreening test was the most sensitive test for the identification of chlamydial infection in koala serum samples, furthermore it was rapid, taking approximately 16 hours to complete, and inexpensive. However, for the assay of swab material from koalas, gene probe analysis remains the most sensitive method of detection of chlamydiae.