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PubMed2001

Primers and a specific DNA probe for detecting lactic acid bacteria producing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde from glycerol in spoiled ciders.

Of the 40 strains isolated from several spoiled ciders where glycerol was degraded, 36 were identified as Lactobacillus collinoides, three were Lactobacillus hilgardii, and one was Lactobacillus mali. However, only 30 L. collinoides and two L. hilgardii could degrade glycerol. The glycerol dehydratase activity was shown. The main product of the transformation was 1.3 propanediol. Two DNA primers GD1 and GD2 were chosen in the region encoding one of the subunits of glycerol dehydratase of Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Clostridium pasteurianum. A 279-bp amplicon in polymerase chain reaction amplification was obtained with the genomic L. collinoides IOEB 9527 DNA as template. The amino acid sequence deduced from the amplicon DNA sequence showed a very high similarity and identity with the gene of gram-negative and C. pasteurianum species. After labeling, the amplicon was used as DNA probe in dot-blot hybridization with the genomic DNA of all the tested strains. Only strains that could degrade glycerol hybridized. Moreover, polymerase chain reactions using GDI and GD2 revealed only glycerol dehydratase genes of positive L. collinoides and L. hilgardii strains. The primers and the amplicon proved to be suitable and reliable tools to detect the lactic acid bacteria involved in the deterioration of cider.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed2006

Biogenic amines in natural ciders.

Biogenic amines play an important physiological role in mammals, and high amounts of some exogenous amines in human diet may contribute to a wide variety of toxic effects. These amines are commonly found in many foodstuffs, particularly in fermented products such as cheese, meat products, beer, wine, and ciders. Here, the level of biogenic amines in some natural ciders was examined. Twenty-four samples of cider purchased from commercial sources were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection after precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde. Amine levels were variable, ranging from not detected to 23 mg/liter. The average level of total biogenic amines in ciders was 5.94 +/- 8.42 mg/liter. Putrescine, histamine, and tyramine were the prevailing amines being present in 50.0, 37.5, and 33.3% of the ciders studied; very small amounts of ethylamine and phenylethylamine were observed in only one sample. Other cider parameters were analyzed to determine whether they affect the biogenic amine content in ciders, and the results were evaluated by applying cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Ciders that showed lower glycerol contents and higher amounts of 1,3-propanediol had much higher levels of histamine, tyramine, and putrescine, suggesting a high activity of lactic acid bacteria during cider making and thus the need for effective control of lactic acid bacteria.

Beverages↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiologic evidence for a new class of compounds associated with toxic oil syndrome.

Toxic oil syndrome appeared in epidemic form in Spain in 1981. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that illness was caused by consumption of rapeseed oil that had been denatured with aniline. Chemical analyses of oil specimens conducted in conjunction with epidemiologic studies have established that consumption of specific oils containing fatty acid anilide contaminants was associated with increased risk for disease. New chemical analytic methods identified a family of compounds, the di-fatty acid esters of phenylamino propane-diol, and one of these compounds, the 1,2-di-oleyl ester of 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol (DPAP), has been found to be more strongly associated with disease status than the fatty acid anilides. We found the odds ratio for exposure to DPAP (OR = 26.4, 95% CI = 6.4-76.3) is much higher than the odds ratio for exposure to oleyl anilide (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.2-7.8), implying that exposure to DPAP was a more relevant risk factor for development of toxic oil syndrome than exposure to oleyl anilide. In this paper, we review and present analyses of data from multiple studies of the possible etiologic role of DPAP in toxic oil syndrome. The presence of DPAP in oil collected from affected and unaffected households was a more specific correlate of case relatedness than was the presence of fatty acid anilides, and it was equally sensitive. Moreover, DPAP was found in oil from the only refinery whose oil was clearly associated with illness.

Anilides↗
PubMed2000

Intravitreal toxicology and duration of efficacy of a novel antiviral lipid prodrug of ganciclovir in liposome formulation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular safety and antiviral treatment efficacy of the sustained lipid prodrug of ganciclovir, 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-ganciclovir (HDP-P-GCV), as an intravitreal injectable drug system for viral retinitis. METHODS: HDP-P-GCV was synthesized by coupling 1-O-hexadecyl-propanediol-3-phosphate to either free hydroxyl of ganciclovir in pyridine with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as catalyst. The compound was formulated into liposomes. The antiviral activity was assessed by DNA reduction in vitro, and intraocular safety was assessed by ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiology, and histology after intravitreal injections, with resultant intravitreal concentrations of 0.2, 0.632, 1.12, and 2 mM. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by simultaneous intravitreal injection of HDP-P-GCV and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or by intravitreal injection of HDP-P-GCV at various times before HSV-1 intravitreal inoculation. Retinitis was scored with ophthalmoscopy and compared with controls. RESULTS: In vitro, the IC50 of HDP-P-GCV against HSV-1 and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected cells was 0.02 and 0.6 microM, respectively. In rabbits in vivo, HDP-P-GCV dispersed evenly and maintained a good vitreous clarity at all doses except 2 mM final intravitreal concentration. Although cataracts were observed in some eyes at the higher doses, they were not observed in eyes with 0.2 mM final intravitreal concentration. No other indications of ocular toxicity were observed. Intravitreal injection of HDP-P-GCV with resultant 0.2 mM intravitreal concentration in the HSV-1 retinitis rabbit model demonstrated a complete protection of the retina with the simultaneous treatment strategy and a 4 (P = 0.03) to 6-(P = 0.058) week significant protection of retina with the pretreatment strategies when compared with ganciclovir or blank liposome controls. CONCLUSIONS: In the rabbit model of HSV-1 retinitis HDP-P-GCV acts as a long-lasting intravitreal injectable anti-CMV or anti-HSV compound. This self-assembling liposome system could be applicable for many compounds available for intraocular diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A high-capacity quantitative mouse model of drug-mediated immunosuppression based on rejection of an allogeneic subcutaneous tumor.

We describe a high-capacity in vivo assay to measure drug-mediated transplant immunosuppression using a mouse model of Sa1 tumor rejection. Sa1 grew poorly and was rejected by 14 days in immunocompetent allogeneic recipient mice. In nude (nu/nu) mice, Sa1 grew more rapidly and was not rejected, confirming the T cell dependence of this response. In immunocompetent animals, administration of immunosuppressive agents resulted in increased tumor growth relative to vehicle-treated animals. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin A (CsA), 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin (SDZ RAD), or 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-1,2-propanediol hydrochloride (FTY720) produced dose-dependent inhibition of tumor rejection. By contrast, the drugs did not affect Sa1 tumor growth in nu/nu mice, which is consistent with their predicted indirect effect on tumor size by suppressing immunity, rather than by directly stimulating Sa1 growth. Drug potency, which is usually not described for immunosuppressive agents, was calculated from the linear relationship between drug dose and tumor volume. The potency of CsA was inversely related to the stringency of the histocompatibility barrier. Another advantage of this assay is that the endpoint is an objective size measurement over a short time period, compared with transplant models where the endpoint may not be reached for many weeks and may be more subjective. In addition, this model can measure the potency of combination drug treatments and compare new immunosuppressive drug regimens. For example, the administration of SDZ RAD or FTY720 with CsA resulted in a more than additive increase in potency, compared with the sum of the drugs as single agents.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Biotransformation of MTBE, ETBE, and TAME after inhalation or ingestion in rats and humans.

The biotransformation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) was studied in humans and in rats after inhalation of 4 and 40 ppm of MTBE, ETBE, and TAME, respectively, for 4 hours, and the biotransformation of MTBE and TAME was studied after ingestion exposure in humans to 5 and 15 mg in water. tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), a TBA conjugate, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate were found to be metabolites of MTBE and ETBE. tert-Amyl alcohol (TAA), free and glucuronidated 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol (a glucuronide of TAA), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl butyrate were found to be metabolites of TAME. After inhalation, MTBE, ETBE, and TAME were rapidly taken up by both rats and humans; after termination of exposure, clearance from blood of the ethers by exhalation and biotransformation to urinary metabolites occurred with half-times of less than 7 hours in rats and humans. Biotransformation of MTBE and ETBE was similar in humans and rats after inhalation exposure. 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate was recovered as a major product in urine. All metabolites of MTBE and ETBE excreted with urine were eliminated with half-times of less than 20 hours. Biotransformation of TAME was qualitatively similar in rats and humans, but the metabolic pathways were different. In humans, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate, and 3-hydroxy-3methyl butyrate were recovered as major urinary products. In rats, however, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol and its glucuronide were major TAME metabolites recovered in urine. After ingestion of MTBE and TAME, both compounds were rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Hepatic first-pass metabolism of these ethers was not observed, and a significant part of the administered dose was transferred into blood and cleared by exhalation. Metabolic pathways for MTBE and TAME and kinetics of excretion were identical after ingestion and inhalation exposures. Results of studies presented here suggest (1) that excretion of MTBE, ETBE, and TAME in rats and humans is rapid, (2) that biotransformation and excretion of MTBE and ETBE are identical in rats, and (3) that biotransformation and excretion of TAME is quantitatively different in rats and humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

MTBE inhaled alone and in combination with gasoline vapor: uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in rats.

The purpose of these studies was to extend previous evaluation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)* tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion in rats to include concentrations more relevant to human exposure (4 and 40 ppm) and to determine the effects of coinhalation of the volatile fraction of unleaded gasoline on the tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of MTBE. Groups of male F344 rats were exposed nose-only for 4 hours to 4, 40, or 400 ppm 14C-MTBE or to 20 or 200 ppm of the light fraction of unleaded gasoline (LFG) containing 4 or 40 ppm 14C-MTBE, respectively. To evaluate the effects of repeated inhalation of LFG on MTBE tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion, rats were exposed for 4 hours on each of 7 consecutive days to 20 or 200 ppm LFG with MTBE (4 or 40 ppm) followed on the eighth day by a similar exposure to LFG containing 14C-MTBE. Subgroups of rats were evaluated for respiratory parameters, initial body burdens, rates and routes of excretion, and tissue distribution and elimination. The concentrations of MTBE and its chief metabolite, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), were measured in blood and kidney immediately after exposure, and the major urinary metabolites-2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (IBA) and 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol (2MePD)-were measured in urine. Inhalation of MTBE alone or as a component of LFG had no concentration-dependent effect on respiratory minute volume. The initial body burdens of MTBE equivalents achieved after 4 hours of exposure to MTBE did not increase linearly with exposure concentration. MTBE equivalents rapidly distributed to all tissues examined, with the largest percentages distributed to liver. The observed initial body burden did not increase linearly between 4 and 400 ppm. At 400 ppm, elimination half-times of MTBE equivalents from liver increased and from lung, kidney, and testes decreased compared with the two smaller doses. Furthermore, at 400 ppm the elimination half-time for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath was significantly shorter and the percentage of the initial body burden of MTBE equivalents eliminated as VOCs in breath increased significantly. These changes probably reflect a saturation of blood with MTBE at 400 ppm and strongly suggest that the uptake and fate of MTBE are notably different at exposure concentrations above and below 400 ppm. Single and repeated coexposure to 20 and 200 ppm LFG with MTBE had opposite effects on the total body burden of MTBE equivalents present at the end of exposures compared with those achieved after 4 and 40 ppm MTBE exposures: 20 ppm LFG increased and 200 ppm LFG significantly decreased the burdens of MTBE equivalents present. The effects of coexposure to LFG on blood levels of MTBE equivalents paralleled the effects on body burden. These differences in overall uptake of MTBE equivalents cannot be attributed to alterations of minute volume. The reason for the increase in overall uptake after 20-ppm LFG exposure is not clear. Decreased MTBE absorption (uptake) after single and repeated coexposure to 200 ppm LFG may be due to a decrease in solubility of MTBE in blood caused by inhalation of other hydrocarbons. Investigations on the blood/air partition coefficient of MTBE in the absence and presence of LFG would be needed to confirm this hypothesis. Single and repeated coexposure to either 20 or 200 ppm LFG significantly decreased the percentage of the initial body burden from MTBE equivalents in tissues, including liver, kidney, and testes, immediately and 72 hours after

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1998

[Screening of enhancers for permeation of berberine in ruyi patcher in vitro].

To screen the best kinds and doses of enhancers for Ruyi Patcher, the effect of azonc(A) and propanediol (P) on the permeation of berberine(BR) from Ruyi Patcher in vitro was studied using improved Franz diffuse cells and the permeated berberine was determined by HPLC. The result showed that 3% of A in combination with 10% of P had synergistic effect, which helped enhance the skin permeation of BR significantly(P < 0.01). Therefore, a combination of 3% A and 10% P is the best enhancer for Ruyi Patcher and the penetration process of BR could be described by one-order kinetics.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The selection of a commercial route for the D1 antagonist Sch-39166.

D1 Antagonists have been reported to be potentially useful in a number of therapeutic areas. Sch-39166 is an example of such a selective D1 antagonist. Three different routes based on (1S,2S)-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol (19), (+)-L-homophenylalanine (27) or trans-(+)-(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(methylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (37) were developed for the commercial preparation of Sch-39166. After analyzing each route for the best combination of cost, yield, throughput and efficiency, the synthesis of Sch-39166 starting from 37, which involves the opening of an aziridinium, was selected for optimization into the commercial route.

Benzazepines↗
PubMed2000

[Preparation of gas chromatographic capillary columns with beta-cyclodextrin polymer stationary phase modified with methyl phenyl silicone(OV-17)].

An insoluble beta-cyclodextrin polymer cross-linked with epichlorohydrin was prepared. beta-Cyclodextrin polymer (0.26 g) was treated for 0.5 h by a ultrasonator in the mixed solvent (10 mL) of isopropyl ether, methylene dichloride and benzene with a volume ratio 2:1:2, and a 26 g/L colloidal stationary liquid was prepared. It was coated on a fused silica capillary by superdynamic coating method. The capillary column was of high column efficiency of above 3,000/m with good thermal stability and moderate polarity. Enantiomers of xylene, dichlorobenzene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, ethyl lactate, alpha-phenyl ethanol, 1, 2-propanediol, alpha-lonone, methyl alpha-chloropropionate and gamma-valerolactone were separated on the capillary column. The experimental results showed that beta-cyclodextrin polymer treated by a ultrasonator is a capillary chromatographic stationary phase with good performance and high selectivity.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1999

[Separation and determination of the ingredients of cold medicines by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection].

Determination and separation of three ingredients--chlorphenamine maleate, acetaminophen and vitamin C in cold medicines by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection were carried out. The effects of detection potential and organic modifier were extensively investigated. Separation efficiency could be improved by adding 1, 2-propanediol into buffer. On optimizing condition, chlorphenamine maleate, acetaminophen and vitamin C were separated satisfactorily and eluted within 12 min. The detection limits were 0.02, 0.08 and 0.01 mg/L respectively. The ingredients in several cold medicines were detected successfully. The recoveries of the samples were 94.2%-102.8%. The method is simple, rapid and highly reliable for routine analysis.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.

This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and contaminants, with a view to recommending Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) and tolerable intakes, respectively, and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of food additives (including flavouring agents) and contaminants, assessments of intake, and the establishment and revision of specifications for food additives. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of toxicological and intake data on various specific food additives (diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol, quillaia extracts, invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, beta-carotene from Blakeslea trispora, curcumin, phosphates, diphosphates and polyphosphates, hydrogenated poly-1-decene, natamycin, D-tagatose, carrageenan, processed Eucheuma seaweed, curdlan, acetylated oxidized starch, alpha-cyclodextrin and sodium sulfate), flavouring agents and contaminants (3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, and a large number of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls). Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for ADIs of the food additives and tolerable intakes of the contaminants considered, changes in the status of specifications of these food additives and specific flavouring agents, and further information required or desired.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Gestation in sheep after autotransplantation with cryopreserved ovarian tissue: evidence for oocyte viability after the freezing and transplantation procedures].

UNLABELLED: Freezing ovarian tissue is acquiring a greater significance due to the increase in oocyte long term survival rates, which provides young women with malignancies an alternative to preserve their fertility. OBJECTIVES: 1. Assessing the physiological viability of ovarian tissue auto-transplants. 2. Determining possible differences between the two cryoprotectors that were used: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propanediol (PROH). DESIGN: Experimental and prospective study assessing ovarian tissue viability after freezing and auto-transplantation in eight female sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bilateral oophorectomy was performed on the sheep under general anesthesia. The ovarian cortex was dissected and frozen using either DMSO (1.5 M) or PROH (1.5) with saccharose. The thawed tissue was auto-transplanted within the following one to six months, and weekly progesterone measurements were carried out in order to assess ovarian tissue functionality. Once ovulation levels were obtained, the female sheep were continuously exposed to the male in order to obtain the gestation process. RESULTS: Ovulation activity was recovered in seven of the eight female sheep (87.5%) submitted to auto-transplants within an average period of time of 62.8 +/- 9.1 days, as evidenced by serum progesterone levels. These findings were obtained regardless of the cryoprotector used. Two gestations were obtained, and these are evolving normally, as assessed by ultrasonic methods. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that ovarian function is adequately restored in oophorectomized sheep using ovarian tissue auto-transplantation, and produced the first pregnancies obtained through this technique in Latin America. It is possible to assume that these results can be reproduced in women.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Aldophosphamide: synthesis, characterization, and comparison with "Hohorst's aldophosphamide".

Synthesis of aldophosphamide was attempted by many standard aldehyde-forming reactions under a variety of conditions. Trace amounts of aldophosphamide were produced in several of the reactions, as judged by mass-spectral evidence. A stabilized derivative, aldophosphamide semicarbazone, was prepared and characterized by infrared and proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectral analysis) of "Hohorst's aldophosphamide" failed to reveal any evidence for the existence of an aldehyde moiety, and thin-layer chromatographic comparison with the synthetic analogs diethylaldophosphamide and diethylhomoaldophosphamide indicated radical differences in migration rates between those of the analogs and that of "Hohorst's aldophosphamide." It is suggested that "Hohorst's aldophosphamide" is perhaps a diastereoisomer of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide or an aldehyde hydrate or hemiacetal with 1,3-propanediol.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed2003

[Studies on analogues of huperzine A for treatment of senile dementia. VI. Asymmetric total synthesis of 14-nor-huperzine A and its inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase].

AIM: To study asymmetric total synthesis of 14-nor-huperzine A 2 and its inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase. METHODS: Highly enantioselective synthesis of compound 5 from beta-keto-ester 3 and 2-methylene-1,3-propanediol diacetate 4 by palladium-catalyzed bicycloannulation was carried out using new chiral ferrocenylphosphine ligands, such as 10, 11, followed by regioselective double-bond migration to produce compound 6. Optically pure 6 was obtained after enantio-enrichment recrystallization. Then, according to similar procedures of huperzine A synthesis, the target compound 14-nor-huperzine A 2 was prepared. The inhibitory activity was tested with rat erythrocyte membrame acetylcholinesterase. RESULTS: The inhibitory activity of synthetic (-)-14-nor-huperzine A was 8 fold less potent than that of (-)-huperzine A. CONCLUSION: A hydrogen-bond between 14-methyl group of (-) huperzine A and the main-chain oxygen of His 440 is necessary for the highly acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of huperzine A.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Cryopreservation of semen, oocytes, and embryos.

Human embryo cryopreservation is widely applied by programs of assisted reproductive technology. However, recent surveys have shown that relatively few in vitro fertilization programs in the United States substantially increase their per retrieval delivery rates through cryopreservation. While embryos may be successfully frozen and thawed at a range of developmental stages using several different cryoprotectants, the majority of in vitro fertilization programs use 1,2 propanediol to freeze early (pronuclear four-cell) embryos. Ultrarapid freezing techniques are under continued study; they have not yet been shown to offer any clinical advantage over slow freezing protocols. Although interest in oocyte cryopreservation remains high, experimental evidence shows that cryoinjury to human oocytes results in chromosome sorting defects, reduced fertilization, and compromised embryonic development. Micromanipulation of mammalian oocytes appears to have no deleterious effect on subsequent cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biotransformation of D(-)-ephedrine and L(+)-ephedrine in the rabbit, in vivo and in vitro.

Investigations were carried out with radiolabeled D(-)-ephedrine and L(+)-ephedrine to establish whether differences exist in their metabolic fate in the rabbit, in vivo and in vitro. In liver microsomal preparations, a) D(-)-ephedrine was metabolized at a faster rate than L(+)-ephedrine, b) benzoic acid was formed from D(-)ephedrine at a rate about three times greater than from the L(+)-isomer, and c) the relative amounts of norephedrine and 1-phenyl-1,2-propranediol formed from both ephedrine isomers were nearly identical throughout the entire incubation period. In vivo, both ephedrine isomers were extensively metabolized and the majority of total radioactivity (71-91%) was excreted within 24 hr. A greater 14C-excretion rate was observed for L(+)-ephedrine. From an analysis of 0- to 24-hr urine, it was found that a) 47-50% of the urinary 14C was attributable to acidic metabolites (hippuric acid and benzoic acid) from L(+)- and D(-)-ephedrine, b) from 4 to 16% of the total 14C obtained with both isomers was accountable as 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol, either free or as a glucuronide conjugate, c) no appreciable quantities of sulfate or glucuronide conjugates of p-hydroxylated metabolites of ephedrine or norephedrine was detectable, and d) small amounts (less than 4% of metabolites corresponding to unchanged ephedrine, norephedrine, or 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone were found in urine of animals given either isomer. These experiments indicate that the major pathway for the biotransformation of D(-)-ephedrine and L(+)-ephedrine involves N-demethylation and oxidative deamination of the side chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF MEBUTAMATE, MEPROBAMATE AND RESERPINE.

Mebutamate, a propanediol derivative, has recently been introduced as an antihypertensive agent. In a double-blind, controlled study of 33 patients, the antihypertensive effect of mebutamate was not found to differ significantly from that of a placebo.The psychosedative properties of mebutamate did not differ from those of meprobamate. Reserpine, when given orally, lowered blood pressure and its antihypertensive activity was independent of its sedative properties.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗