Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Occupational Status”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The future of international labor migration.

"The article reviews the nature of international labor migration today and the economic and political rationale for its occurrence. It suggests that while the developed economies will continue to attract and exchange highly skilled labor, they will have little need for mass immigration by those with low skill levels. In contrast, poorer countries with rapid population growth and low living standards will encourage emigration, except by the highly skilled. One consequence will be more illegal immigration."

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Means of support, fertility, and social reproduction among peasants: three approaches].

This article examines interpretations regarding the relationship between means of support and fertility, taking into account views on social reproduction among peasants, with emphasis on the way they are expressed in terms of indicators. The author begins with a brief summary of theories put forth by Malthus, and then examines Neo-Malthusian models which use as an independent variable, the amount of land and as a dependent variable, the number of children. He notes the existence of a positive ratio between these variables, and then demonstrates that in Chayanov's model, the number of children is used as an independent variable, while the idea of a positive ratio with the amount of land is still maintained. He compares these assumptions with those of Palerm, who suggests the existence of an inverse ratio between the amount of land available and fertility; this leads to policy implications contrary to those arising from neo-Malthusian models. The paper ends with a discussion of assumptions about the rationality, motivations, and guiding values the different approaches attribute to economic and demographic behavior among peasants.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

Managing the cost and scale of family reunion: current dilemmas.

"Growth in the numbers of family reunion migrants [to Australia], especially those with low-skilled, poor and non-English-speaking backgrounds, has prompted Government attempts to slow the intake. So far the politics of the situation have meant such attempts have met with limited success. The implications are explored in this article."

Australia↗
PubMed2003

Occupational variations in drinking and psychological distress: a multilevel analysis.

The relationship between alcohol intake and psychological distress has been overlooked in studies on the working population. Using a multilevel multivariate model, this study reports results obtained from a sample of 8812 workers nested in 387 occupations. Results show that alcohol intake and psychological distress vary significantly at the worker and occupation levels, but they do not show a large variation at the occupation level. Occupational socioeconomic status appears to be a common factor explaining the correlation between alcohol intake and psychological distress at the occupation level. Semi-professionals, middle management, foreman and semiskilled clerical-sales-services occupations are particularly at risk. Gender is related to both outcomes, while work schedule and number of weekly working hours are associated only with psychological distress. Implications and limitations of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The teaching of occupational health in US medical schools: little improvement in 9 years.

A questionnaire survey of the 127 US medical schools was undertaken to assess the present status of occupational health teaching as a follow-up to two prior similar studies. The present study revealed that 78 (68%) of the 115 responding schools specifically taught occupational health during the 1991/92 academic year, in comparison with 50% in the 1977/78 and 66% in the 1982/83 academic years. The median required curriculum time was 6 hours in 1991/92, as compared with 4 hours in both previous surveys. Despite the increasing recognition of occupational health and growth of information in this field of medicine, occupational health teaching to medical students has not progressed proportionately.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between body mass index and socioeconomic status in New Zealand: ethnic and occupational factors.

AIMS: the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) was examined in a multiracial New Zealand workforce in order to investigate ethnic variations. METHODS: an employed population of 5673 people were measured for weight and height and BMI calculated. Socioeconomic status was assigned using the UK Registrar General's scale. RESULTS: both European women and men showed an inverse relationship of increasing BMI with decreasing SES which is typical of developed societies. Maori, Pacific Islanders and Asians did not, but neither did they show the direct relationship of developing societies. Examination of the components of SES showed that combined family income did not influence BMI in any ethnic group but that education was strongly associated with BMI in Europeans (p = 0.0001) and weakly associated in Maori (p = 0.0603), and occupation was strongly associated with BMI in Europeans (p = 0.0001) and weakly associated in Pacific Islanders (p = 0.0148) independently of education. CONCLUSIONS: ethnic variations are partly explained by educational levels and occupation, but not by income. Increased education may decrease prevalence of obesity. Some occupational factors are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Social inequality and environmentally-related diseases in Germany: review of empirical results.

A literature search was conducted aiming at all empirical studies from Germany till mid 1997 containing data on the association between environmentally-related diseases and the socio-economic status (education, occupation, income, social class) and/or on the association between the exposure to harmful substances and the socio-economic status. With respect to the exposures, a clear picture becomes visible: the concentration of harmful substances in the ambient air as well as indoors is considerably higher with regard to the lower social class as compared with the higher social class. This applies to children as well as to adults and to West Germany as well as to East Germany. However, with respect to environmentally-related diseases, no such clear picture becomes visible. For example, several studies indicate that allergies, atopic eczema and croup occur less frequently in the lower social class than in the higher social class. Malignant tumours (lung cancer, kidney cancer or bladder cancer), however, seem to occur more frequently in the lower social class than in the higher social class. Environmental-epidemiological studies should increasingly integrate socio-epidemiological study approaches and explicitly present their results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Occupational health services in PR China.

In China, the origin of occupational health started in the mid 1950s soon after the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, more complete concept and practice of occupational health was defined after the early 1980s, when China started her full-scale drive for economic reform and policy of openness. The integrity intends to cover occupational health, occupational medicine, industrial toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational ergonomics, and occupational psychology as theoretical and practical components of occupational health. As a result, occupational health in China has undergone many changes and has improved over the past decades. These changes and improvements came about, most likely due to a new scheme, where a holistic approach of the recognition, regulation, and provision of occupational health services in a wider coverage is gradually formed and brought into effect. This presentation provides the current status of occupational health and safety problems, the latest legislative to occupational health and safety, and a general scenario of the organizational structure and function of occupational health services in China. It attempts to share with participants both our experience and lessons learned towards creating a more open and effective channel of ideas and information sharing.

China↗
PubMed2005

Occupational science: bridging occupation and health.

BACKGROUND: The paper is based on a keynote address delivered at the 2004 CAOT Conference in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island Occupational therapists are widely associated with a medical model of health care in which recognition of how engagement in occupation contributes to health status is poorly understood. Occupational science as the study of people as occupational beings has the potential to increase such understanding. PURPOSE: This paper considers some aspects of the relationship between health and the occupations of older people to highlight avenues for change and the research required to support them. METHOD: The paper is structured around a simple verse of dialogue between a healthy old man and an occupational therapist. Explanation of the dialogue draws upon historical and current literature as well as occupational science research to provide a rationale for future practice based on broader concepts of occupation for health. RESULTS AND PRACTICE SUGGESTIONS: The dialogue promotes the need for discussion about health and about the health notion of Active Ageing. It highlights professional language as one impediment to change and suggests that research concerning occupation as it relates to population health is a primary requirement for the future of occupational therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Interregional equilibrium with heterogeneous labor.

"The impact of labor migration on interregional equilibrium is studied when workers are heterogeneous in productivity and regional mobility. The skilled respond to market disequilibrium by moving into the most attractive region. The unskilled are immobile in the short-run and move with the skilled in the long-run. Both regions have a neoclassical production function affected by an externality depending on the number of skilled. Workers move according to the utility differential when regional amenities vary with population or according to the wage differential. The equilibrium pattern depends on the unskilled's mobility and on migration incentives. Typically, regional imbalance characterizes the equilibrium which is often suboptimal."

Demography↗