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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A quantitative structure--activity relationship model for the intrinsic activity of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) has been derived for the prediction of the activity of phenols in uncoupling oxidative and photophosphorylation. Twenty-one compounds with experimental data for uncoupling activity as well as for the acid dissociation constant, pKa, and for partitioning constants of the neutral and the charged species into model membranes were analyzed. From these measured data, the effective concentration in the membrane was derived, which allowed the study of the intrinsic activity of uncouplers within the membrane. A linear regression model for the intrinsic activity could be established using the following three descriptors: solvation free energies of the anions, an estimate for heterodimer formation describing transport processes, and pKa values describing the speciation of the phenols. In a next step, the aqueous effect concentrations were modeled by combining the model for the intrinsic uncoupling activity with descriptors accounting for the uptake into membranes. Results obtained with experimental membrane-water partitioning data were compared with the results obtained with experimental octanol-water partition coefficients, log Kow, and with calculated log Kow values. The properties of these different measures of lipophilicity were critically discussed.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the respiratory chain and the oxidative phosphorylation system of mitochondria in the flavinogenic Eremothecium ashbyii strain].

Tightly coupled mitochondria were isolated from cells of the flavinogenic strain of Eremothecium ashbyii collected during the logarithmic and stationary growth phases. The composition of the respiratory chain and characteristics of the energy coupling system are described. The mitochondria show a wide spectrum of metabolic activity and oxidize Krebs cycle compenents and exogenous NADH. The terminal segment of the respiratory chain is represented by a typical cytochrome system. The mitochondria of the ascomycete collected during the logarithmic growth phase are characterized by a relatively high content of cytochromes b and c, a high rate of oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates, the presence of lower homologues of ubiquinone, UQ6 and UQ7, and extremely high sensitivity of respiration to the action of antimycin A, low content of a component sensitive to rotenone, contrasting with the operation of all three sites of phosphorylation. Transition to the stationary growth phase is accompanied with a decrease in the rate of oxidation of all substrates studied and a declined effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the ability of the cells for "overproduction" of flavins.

Antimycin A↗
PubMed2000

Oxidative phosphorylation supported by an alternative respiratory pathway in mitochondria from Euglena.

The effect of antimycin, myxothiazol, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, stigmatellin and cyanide on respiration, ATP synthesis, cytochrome c reductase, and membrane potential in mitochondria isolated from dark-grown Euglena cells was determined. With L-lactate as substrate, ATP synthesis was partially inhibited by antimycin, but the other four inhibitors completely abolished the process. Cyanide also inhibited the antimycin-resistant ATP synthesis. Membrane potential was collapsed (<60 mV) by cyanide and stigmatellin. However, in the presence of antimycin, a H(+)60 mV) that sufficed to drive ATP synthesis remained. Cytochrome c reductase, with L-lactate as donor, was diminished by antimycin and myxothiazol. Cytochrome bc(1) complex activity was fully inhibited by antimycin, but it was resistant to myxothiazol. Stigmatellin inhibited both L-lactate-dependent cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome bc(1) complex activities. Respiration was partially inhibited by the five inhibitors. The cyanide-resistant respiration was strongly inhibited by diphenylamine, n-propyl-gallate, salicylhydroxamic acid and disulfiram. Based on these results, a model of the respiratory chain of Euglena mitochondria is proposed, in which a quinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase resistant to antimycin, and a quinol oxidase resistant to antimycin and cyanide are included.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of butylhydroxyanisole, an antioxidant, on oxidative phosphorylation of myocardial mitochondria in experimental ischemia].

The present paper evaluated the effect of the antioxidatively acting agent butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) on the oxidative and energetic processes in the mitochondria of the myocardium, both normal and damaged with isoprenaline. BHA was administered for 20 days in a daily dose of 10 mg.kg-1. Experimental necrosis of the myocardium was induced by a single-dose administration of a dose of 25 mg.kg-1 s.c. The results shown in Graphs 1-7 indicate that BHA in the above-mentioned concentration did not act protectively on the metabolic processes taking place in the mitochondria during experimentally induced necroses of the myocardium.

Animals↗