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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Focus of human parasitism by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae).

Throughout most of its range, the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), prefers dogs as a host, but human bites occasionally occur in the Mediterranean region and Central America; historically, this species has rarely bitten humans in the United States. A focus of 15 human bite cases by this tick is reported from four Air Force bases located within 200 miles of each other in north central Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. The sudden appearance of numerous documented bite cases indicates that either the species is becoming more anthropophilic in this area or than an introduction of a more human adapted population of R. sanguineus has occurred. The species is a known reservoir and vector of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis in dogs. The presence of an anthropophilic strain of R. sanguineus in the United States may lead to increased exposure to E. canis and thus an increase in the incidence of human ehrlichiosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Additional instances of human parasitism by the brown dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae).

Nine cases of humans parasitized by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), are reported. Eight cases occurred during 1989. Seven of the individuals were from an apparent focus of human biting in northern Texas and southwestern Oklahoma, one case was from San Antonio, Bexar County, Tex., and one case was from Homestead Air Force Base, Dade County, Fla. These cases suggest that the role of R. sanguineus in the transmission of the etiologic agent of canine ehrlichiosis and other pathogenic organisms to humans may be underestimated and warrants investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A large outbreak of hepatitis A in a day-care center: association with non-toilet-trained children and persistence of IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus.

In early summer, 1979, a large outbreak of hepatitis A occurred in an Oklahoma day-care center. A total of 41 cases were confirmed, all in adults. Of the 115 non-employee households represented by children in the center, 19 households (16.5%) had one or more cases of hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 29% of the households with at least one non-toilet-trained child, compared to 2% of the households without such a child (p = 0.00004). At least four (15%) of 27 center employees had hepatitis. Of 26 cases tested serologically, all were positive for hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV), and 24 of these 26 were also positive for anti-HAV of immunoglobulin class M (anti-HAV IgM), at an average time after onset of illness of 80 days (range, 38-142 days). Three of ten persons remained anti-HAV IgM-positive 164 days after onset.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lead absorption in children of employees in a lead-related industry.

Children can be exposed to lead from a variety of environmental sources. It has been repeatedly reported that children of employees in a lead-related industry are at increased risk of lead absorption because of the high levels of lead found in the household dust of these workers. A case-control study was done in Oklahoma in 1978 to determine whether children of employees in battery manufacturing plant had a higher prevalence of high levels of blood lead than children whose parents were not employed in a lead-related industry. The data obtained indicated that the blood lead levels of the study children were significantly greater than those of the control children. None of the control children had blood lead levels greater than 30 micrograms/dl, while 53% of the exposed children had blood lead levels of greater than 30 micrograms/dl. Trends indicated that the children whose fathers had higher lead exposure at work also had higher blood lead levels. However, the study children whose fathers had good personal hygiene had blood lead levels comparable to the control children. It appeared that only good personal hygiene, i.e., showering, shampooing and changing clothes and shoes before leaving work, was effective for lead containment. The mere changing of clothes and shoes appeared to be inadequate for lead containment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiologic characteristics of human tularemia in the southwest-central states, 1981-1987.

From 1981 through 1987, a total of 1,041 cases of tularemia in humans were reported in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas; this represents 60% of the cases reported in the United States during this same time period. The state of Arkansas reported the highest total (420 cases). Annual incidence rates per one million population ranged from 36.3 in Arkansas to less than 5.0 in Kansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Epidemiologic data were available for 1,026 cases. The majority of cases were white (88%) and male (75%). May, June, and July were the months of onset of symptoms for 52% of the cases. For the cases with known exposure history, 63% reported an attached tick and 23% had exposure to rabbits. Other animals associated with human infection were squirrels, cats, and raccoons. The case-fatality ratio was 2%. Public health efforts to prevent human tularemia cases in the six southwest-central states should focus on reducing exposure to ticks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Day care attendance and other risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.

Two hundred and ninety-five of 373 (79%) children with reported cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) occurring in the state of Oklahoma from January 1, 1986, through December 31, 1987, were matched according to birth date with two controls each. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the independent roles of day care attendance, number of young children in the home, crowding, passive smoking, maternal education, household income, and race in Hib disease. Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) were found for day care attendance (OR = 2.9), the presence of two or more children in the home under 6 years of age (OR = 2.4), crowding (ratio of number of people in the home to number of bedrooms > or = 2) (OR = 2.0), and exposure to cigarette smoking in the home (OR = 1.4). Household income was independently associated with Hib disease. African Americans were at increased risk even after adjustment for income and crowding (OR = 4.1). Although there were no important differences in risk for other factors by type of Hib disease, there was a large and statistically significant difference in risk for day care attendance between meningitis (adjusted OR = 5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-8.2) and other types of Hib disease (combining nonmeningitis cases, adjusted OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.9-2.7). Increasing numbers of hours per week of day care attendance and children per room were associated with increasing risk of Hib meningitis in a dose-response pattern. The highest day care ORs for meningitis were observed in the youngest (< 6 months) and oldest (> or = 24 months) children. The adjusted OR for exposure to breast feeding was 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.8). A protective effect for Hib polysaccharide vaccination among children aged > or = 18 months was suggested but did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.1).

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed2002

An objective methodology for dose distribution analysis.

The advent of single aliquot optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques along with parallel equipment advances have made it possible and practical to obtain statistically meaningful quantities of equivalent dose (De) data from individual samples. Now that hundreds of dose determinations can be made for one sample De distributions may be scrutinised, leading to the problem of how to make unbiased comparisons among distributions, and how to decide objectively which dose is representative of the age of the deposit. In this paper, an objective analytical method is presented for treating dose distributions, including a mathematically rigorous means of determining a representative equivalent dose and a statistical definition of its corresponding uncertainty. This analytical method has been applied to Holocene aeolian and fluvial quartz sands from Central Oklahoma. The results are compared to equivalent doses determined via other proposed analytical procedures.

Geologic Sediments↗
PubMed1994

Cystic fibrosis in the southern Midwest United States: molecular characterization of the common mutations.

The identification of different mutations that cause cystic fibrosis in the people of Kansas and Oklahoma has been performed by examining 124 independent cystic fibrosis genes for the 14 most commonly mutated loci. The delta F508 3bp deletion represented 79% of the alleles, and 7% of the remaining alleles were found to harbor the mutations of R553X, G542X, or G551D. None of the remaining 10 common mutations were identified. This pattern of results contrasts with the patterns found in major cities of the United States. The ethnic diversity in these cities is much greater than in the southern Midwest region, and the remaining mutations, therefore, may represent specific ethnic contributions absent in the Midwest population studies. These results directly affect the counseling given to the Midwest patient and impact on any strategies for screening.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Performance on NBME Part I examination in relation to policies regarding use of test.

From 1971 to 1983, a number of administrative decisions were made at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine regarding the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part I examination. Students' performance on this examination was found to be associated with administrative decisions that required (a) a passing score for promotion, (b) the student to take the examination, and (c) the student to take an integrated basic sciences review course. A modest improvement in student performance was noted when passage of the examination was made mandatory. The introduction of a review course into the curriculum effected a major upward change in scores that has persisted despite the removal of all requirements to pass, or even take, the Part I NBME examination.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Factors affecting decisions on practice locations.

Questionnaires designed to determine the major factors affecting the choice of practice were mailed to 305 graduates of the University of Oklahoma Tulsa Medical College and their spouses. Sixty-eight percent of the physicians responded. The results showed that graduates reared in large communities chose similar-sized communities as practice sites and placed high priority on their spouses' desires. The lack of career opportunities for spouses, especially those with high levels of education, was a critical factor in not selecting small communities as practice sites.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1988

A model to evaluate whether a community can support a physician.

A major concern to the rural citizens of the United States is the availability of health care in their community. Community leaders and physicians considering locating in rural communities need a method by which they can evaluate a community's potential for supporting a physician. A detailed survey was conducted in 1986 of 25 physicians' practices in rural Oklahoma. Data were collected from the physicians on their number of patient visits and practice costs in 1985. Using this information, the authors designed a model to project the economic feasibility of establishing a physician practice in a specific community. This model can be used to project the number of physician visits a community can generate, the costs to establish and maintain a clinic, and the gross and net income of the practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of standardized patients and faculty in teaching medical interviewing.

PURPOSE: This randomized controlled study compared the interviewing skills of first-year medical students receiving feedback primarily from standardized patients (SPs) with those of students receiving feedback primarily from faculty. METHOD: All 154 first-year students at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine in 1993-94 were video-taped to assess baseline and post-instruction interviewing skills. All the students, randomized to one of three study groups, attended two four-hour workshops on interviewing skills. Instruction in the groups was as similar as possible except in the matter of who provided feedback. Two rating systems were used to rate the videotaped interviews for performances of targeted skills. RESULTS: Complete, usable data were available for 120 (78%) of the students. Skill ratings using the Arizona Clinical Interview Rating Scale were significantly higher for the "types of questions used" and "use of empathy" items in the SP-led feedback group. No significant difference in ratings was detected among the groups as measured by the Rotor Interactional Analysis System. CONCLUSION: The SPs were at least as effective as the faculty in effecting behavioral changes in the first-year medical students' interviewing skills.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1997

Introducing case management to a general medicine ward team of a teaching hospital.

PURPOSE: To introduce case management to a general medicine ward team of a teaching hospital to improve patient care and ensure comprehensive longitudinal care. METHOD: The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center is one of four hospitals used by University of Oklahoma School of Medicine residents. There are five medicine teams, each comprising a second- or third-year resident, one or two interns, two medical students, and a faculty physician. The case-management program was initiated in November 1994. No attempt was made to limit the residents assigned to the case-managed team (i.e., many residents who worked with the case-managed team subsequently rotated through the other teams). Patients were assigned to the teams by rotation, and no attempt was made to adjust for the severity of illness among admissions. The teams were separated as follows: pre-case-management teams (all five teams prior to the case-management program), non-case-management teams (the four teams without case managers after the program's initiation), and the case-management team. The study periods were January-July 1994 (pre-case management) and January-July 1995 (after case management). RESULTS: The numbers of patients treated by the three groups were 1,305, 1,139, and 289, respectively. The median length of stay for pre-case-management patients was 5 days (interquartile range, 3-9 days); for non-case-management patients, 5 days (range, 3-8 days); and for case-management patients, 5 days (range, 3-7 days). The cumulative distribution of lengths of stay for case-management patients was significantly different from those of the other study groups by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p = .02). More case-management patients were discharged by day 7. Rates of readmission were not significantly different between the teams. CONCLUSION: In this study a case-management program was effectively implemented in a teaching hospital, resulting in reduced lengths of stay for patients. As academic health centers become more concerned with efficiency and cost, case management should be seriously considered as a way to deal with such issues.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

Transition from East to West: Vietnamese adolescents and their parents.

A 28-item questionnaire assessing family values was completed by 191 Vietnamese and 639 Caucasian adolescents in Oklahoma City Public Schools and by about half their parents. Vietnamese refugee parents, regardless of time in the United States, strongly endorsed traditional family values. Vietnamese adolescents tended to reject traditional values. This generation gap increased with time in the United States and was greater for girls than for boys. Despite wholehearted endorsement of traditional family values, Vietnamese parents tended to approve certain adolescent privileges. The results suggest that Vietnamese adolescents may receive conflicting messages from their parents. On the one hand, parents endorsed such traditional values as absolute obedience to parental authority but on the other, they registered relative approval of adolescent freedom of choice regarding dating, marriage, and career. Such ambivalence suggests that Vietnamese refugee families may experience considerable strain while adjusting to American values.

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focus on: Deaconess Hospital Biomedical Services Department.

This paper describes the Biomedical Services Department of Deaconess Hospital, which is centrally located in Oklahoma City, OK. The hospital provides family-centered general and acute care with practically all medical specialties represented. The Department consists of one department supervisor, one technician, and one part-time shared-service secretary. The Department is responsible for the repair, safety testing, and calibration of over 600 instruments, and serves an important role in the selection and support of patient care equipment. Training of users is another major role for this department.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2002

A radiographic recall evaluation of 894 endodontic cases treated in a dental school setting.

A radiographic recall evaluation of 894 endodontic cases treated by dental students at the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry was conducted by faculty. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of standardized nonsurgical endodontic treatments by using radiographic techniques of determination and to compare the results to similar studies at other dental schools. Cases were labeled as successful, acceptable, questionable, and failing. Observations included time since treatment, age, gender, and tooth type. The combined percentage of successful and acceptable cases was 91.05%. Differences in percentage of success among recall time intervals were statistically significant (p < 0.01), as were the percentages of success between tooth types treated (p < 0.05). Success rate was not affected by age or gender (p > 0.05). The overall rate of successful and acceptable cases in this study was found to compare favorably with those from recall studies conducted at other dental schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Aerosolized ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants hospitalized during an epidemic.

Thirty-three infants with predisposing conditions and/or severely symptomatic with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection were treated with aerosolized ribavirin during a 12-week period at Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital. These patients were compared with 97 untreated patients with RSV infection hospitalized during the same epidemic. Despite preconditions which selected for a more seriously ill treatment group, patients who received ribavirin showed prompter resolution of the illness than did untreated controls. Greatest clinical improvement in treated patients occurred between the first and second days of ribavirin therapy; mean ribavirin treatment duration was 4.5 days. Ten of 22 ribavirin-treated patients continued to excrete RSV after conclusion of antiviral therapy. No adverse hematologic, renal or metabolic effects occurred with ribavirin therapy. Our experience with ribavirin therapy during a major epidemic confirms and extends the results of previous controlled evaluations demonstrating this treatment safe and effective in high risk and seriously ill infants with RSV bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiologic aspects of nosocomial infections.

In a currently ongoing surveillance of hospital-associated infections in two metropolitan hospitals in Oklahoma, the results over a four-month period suggest at least tentative principles of host-agent relationships in hospital-associated infections. Within the urinary tract, the site with the highest number of total isolations, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common pathogens. By age, the under 5 and over 60 year age groups had the highest number of isolations. Staphylococcus aureus and E coli were isolated more frequently in the younger group, while K pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis occurred more frequently in infections among the older group. A higher frequency of Enterobacter sp and S aureus were isolated among male patients, while Candida albicans and E coli apparently had a greater affinity for females; however, none of these differences by sex were statistically significant. Over 50% of the infections were manifest within the first ten days of hospitalization.

Adolescent↗