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PubMedDate not supplied

[Description of a computer program and results of its application to the follow up of enteral nutrition].

Computerization has been introduced little by little in the different activities which take place in a department of pharmacy, due to the fact that it means an increased agility of the tasks to be performed as well as an improvement of the care and managerial quality. In our hospital, the department of pharmacy makes up enteral nutrition units, and it participates in the follow up and control of the patients with this type of nutrition through a computer program designed for this purpose. The objective of the present study is to describe this computerized program as well as the results obtained by its application. The enteral nutrition computer program is made up of two data bases which are indexed between each other: that of daily follow up of the enteral nutrition prescriptions, and that of the follow up of the patients who have been given this nutritional support. In this way it allows us to obtain identification labels and consumption listings. During a two year period a total of 632 enteral nutrition treatments were given. The department with the greatest number of prescriptions was internal medicine (187, 29.5%). The polymeric diets were the most frequently used (435, 68.7%). The have mainly been used as a supplement to a hospital kitchen diet (149, 41.8%). The oral administration was the most frequent route of administration (331, 52.4%). The main reason for not implementing the nutrition was refusal by the patient (114, 38%). The computer program allows greater agility of the circuit which in our hospital generates the preparation of the enteral nutrition formulations, which are made up in the Department of Pharmacy, and given the large number of variables which this implies, this means a quality guarantee in the preparation and follow up of the patients with enteral nutrition.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1989

Inclusion of geriatric nutrition in ADA-approved undergraduate programs.

All ADA Plan IV programs were surveyed to determine whether geriatric nutrition was included in their curriculums. Of the 268 Plan IV programs, 66% responded. Less than one-fifth of the programs offered or planned to offer a specific geriatric nutrition course. An overview of geriatric nutrition occurred most frequently in a human nutrition course. A practicum/clinical experience or a course other than nutrition most frequently provided in-depth study, if such was available. Nursing homes and congregate meal sites were the primary locations for experiences with the geriatric population. Major activities with that age group included (a) taking diet histories, (b) making nutrition assessments, and (c) providing diet instruction. In some programs, didactic and experiential training with the geriatric population may not be adequate to prepare dietetic undergraduate students to meet the health care needs of that growing segment of society.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Eat smart for your heart: an educational program.

"Eat Smart for Your Heart" is a school-based educational program which has been designed for parents of elementary school-aged children. The program offers nutritional information in an effort to promote cardiovascular health for families. This article describes the process involved in the design, implementation, and evaluation of the program.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Work-site nutrition intervention and employees' dietary habits: the Treatwell program.

In a randomized, controlled study of the Treatwell work-site nutrition intervention program, which focused on promoting eating patterns low in fat and high in fiber, 16 work sites from Massachusetts and Rhode Island were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control condition. The intervention included direct education and environmental programming tailored to each work site; control work sites received no intervention. A cohort of workers randomly sampled from each site was surveyed both prior to and following the intervention. Dietary patterns were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Adjusting for work site, the decrease in mean dietary fat intake was 1.1% of total calories more in intervention sites than in control sites (P less than .005). Mean changes in dietary fiber intake between intervention and control sites did not differ. This study provides evidence that a work-site nutrition intervention program can effectively influence the dietary habits of workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

PACE+: interactive communication technology for behavior change in clinical settings.

BACKGROUND: Interactive health communication technologies have the potential to eliminate or greatly reduce many of the barriers to delivery of preventive services. This paper describes the process of developing and evaluating interactive health communication programs for primary care settings. We present as examples the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise plus Nutrition (PACE+) programs, designed to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition with adolescents and adults. METHODS: The PACE+ programs use interactive communication technology to screen multiple behaviors, prioritize areas for intervention, and initiate intervention. Patient information is synthesized for ease of use by clinicians. The patient completes the program on a computer in the clinic waiting room before the provider encounter. Acceptability of the program was evaluated with adolescents (n=252), adults (n=285), and their health care providers. RESULTS: The PACE+ programs were developed, evaluated, modified, and re-evaluated. Feasibility testing indicated that a diverse group of adolescents and adults found the PACE+ computer programs acceptable. Modifications to shorten and refine the programs were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Development of interactive health technologies is an iterative process dependent on feedback from intended users and systems of care. Interactive health communication technologies can be incorporated into clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Weight loss patterns and success rates in high school wrestlers.

PURPOSE: The purposes were to: 1) examine the weight loss patterns in a group of high school varsity wrestlers whose teams participated in a body composition measurement@nutrition education program, and 2) test the hypothesis that wrestling at a weight below recommended Minimum Wrestling Weight (MWW) results in decreased wrestling success. METHODS: We measured skinfold thickness in 465 wrestlers at 16 schools and, using the Lohman method, determined their percent body fat. An educational program presented at each school explained the results, provided nutritional information regarding proper diet and methods of weight loss, and suggested a voluntary MWW corresponding to 5% body fat. After excluding the heavyweight wrestlers, there were 159 varsity wrestlers. At the end of the season, we noted their weight class and whether they placed in post-season state championship qualifying tournaments. RESULTS: We found that 53 wrestlers (33%) wrestled below MWW. When analyzed by school, wrestlers' non-adherence to MWW ranged from 0% to 56% of all wrestlers. In the lightest four weight classes, 62% wrestled below MWW; in the middle four classes, 29%; and in the heaviest four classes, 6%. Of the 53 wrestlers below MWW, 57% placed and of the 106 above MWW, 33% placed (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a substantial number of wrestlers who participate in a voluntary body fat measurement and diet education program wrestle below recommended MWW. This is particularly true at lower weight classes. Further, wrestling below MWW was associated with greater wrestling success. The current concept of MWW should not be based on wrestling performance effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Design of an intervention addressing multiple levels of influence on dietary and activity patterns of low-income, postpartum women.

Low-income, multi-ethnic women are at elevated risk for obesity and chronic diseases, yet influences at different levels may act as barriers to changing risk behaviors. Following the birth of a child, childrearing and social isolation can exacerbate these influences. The social ecological framework integrates behavior-change strategies at different levels, providing a strong theoretical base for developing interventions in this high-risk population. The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to test the efficacy of an educational model delivered by community-based paraprofessionals in improving diet, activity and weight loss among new mothers over a 12-month postpartum period and a 6-month maintenance period. This model fosters institutional change to support behavior changes influenced at intrapersonal and interpersonal levels, through collaboration with federal programs for low-income families: the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Participants are randomized to the Usual Care, e.g. WIC nutrition and breastfeeding education, or Enhanced EFNEP intervention arm, consisting of Usual WIC Care plus a sustained, multi-component intervention including home visits, group classes and monthly telephone counseling. If shown to be efficacious, this program will be readily sustainable through existing federal agencies.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional risk and body composition in free-living elderly participating in congregate meal-site programs.

Early detection of nutritional risk in free-living elderly is critical in healthcare, yet comprehensive measurements are time consuming and can be frustrating to both health professionals and elderly. In addition, body composition measurements provide information regarding fat and fat-free mass that have been linked to morbidity and mortality in elderly. In this study, nutritional risk was assessed in 69 elderly, aged 50-90 years, attending congregate meal-site programs, using Mini Nutritional Assessment, and body composition was assessed by bioelectric impedance. Analysis revealed that 31.9% of the elderly were at risk for malnutrition and 2.9% were malnourished. Males had significantly greater body weight, height and fat-free mass, and females had significantly greater body fat as percentage of body weight, but there was no gender difference in nutritional risk. Of elderly, 36.2% had body mass index > 85th percentile and 8.7% < 15th percentile using national population reference standards. Age-related decline in fat-free mass was an early indicator of changes in body composition.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Celebration of the past: nutrition at USDA.

The knowledge gained in the past 100 years about how nutrients in our foods can affect our health represents a great achievement. This knowledge was essential for the widespread improvements in human health, and the major advances in food production and economic development. USDA and State Experiment Stations were the first scientific organizations in the U.S. to establish a food and nutrition research program and make the results available to people. Human nutrition activities in USDA, initiated by W. O. Atwater in 1894, always have been linked with the nutritive value of foods, human nutritional requirements, the kinds and amounts of foods that Americans consume relative to their needs, and strategies for improving diets and the food supply. Despite recent progress, the science of nutrition is still relatively new, and our knowledge is far from complete. Application of new technologies can be expected to identify the basis for individual differences in nutritional requirements, describe nutrient interactions and define those food constituents needed for healthful diets. Consumers must be given sound research-based information about foods and nutrition, as demand in the market place ultimately determines the foods agriculture and industry produce.

Diet↗
PubMed1999

Psychosocial factors associated with dieting behaviors among female adolescents.

This study determined whether female adolescents who were attempting weight loss (dieters) differ from those who were not (nondieters) with respect to a set of psychosocial factors. The sample consisted of 2,536 normal-weight and underweight female adolescents who participated in the National Longitudinal Adolescent Health Survey. Psychosocial factors examined included depression (four measures), self-esteem, trouble in school, school connectedness, family connectedness, sense of community (two measures), grades, autonomy, and protective factors. MANCOVA revealed significant differences between dieters and nondieters. Self-esteem was the strongest contributing factor differentiating dieters and nondieters. These results have implications for health education and health promotion with regard to both primary and secondary prevention. Self-esteem building should be incorporated within the parameters of a comprehensive school health program and certainly should be a component in any nutrition education program aimed at preventing unhealthy dieting behaviors. By understanding the factors associated with these behaviors, it may be easier to identify individuals attempting weight loss despite being of normal or low body weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a high school course in cardiovascular nutrition.

High school biology students participated in a cardiovascular nutrition education program. The program was evaluated for its effect on the student's knowledge, attitudes, reported eating behavior, and serum lipid levels by matching individual's pre-and post-program results. There was a significant improvement in cardiovascular nutrition knowledge and attitudes toward a low cholesterol pattern of eating. There was also a signigicant improvement in reported eating patterns. However, the rise in serum cholesterol levels one year later did not differ from the rise in serum cholesterol levels in a control school. Improvement in attitudes and reported eating behavior was significantly greater for students whose initial cholesterol level was in the upper quartile of U.S. 16-year olds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Nutrition knowledge, attitudes and dietary restriction behaviour of Taiwanese elderly.

The purpose of this study is to understand knowledge about and general attitudes towards nutrition, dietary restriction attitudes, and dietary restriction behavior in the Taiwanese elderly, and the relationship of these various components to each other. Data from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000) were used for analysis and included 1937 elderly persons aged over 65. The results indicated that the elderly had poor nutrition knowledge, especially about the relationship between nutrition and disease. Elderly nutrition attitudes were fair; they tended to disagree with misconceptions about "healthy" or functional foods and also had quite positive general eating attitudes. However, the Taiwanese elderly hold quite strong attitudes influenced by Chinese traditional or food-texture-related dietary restrictions. Elderly people frequently avoid eating foods considered unhealthy by modern medical science (e.g. high fat/cholesterol foods) as well as foods forbidden by Chinese traditional medicine (e.g. "heating" foods, "cooling" foods). Most of the elderly regularly eat three meals a day, however, they seldom pay attention to dietary and nutrition information. The most important sources of nutrition information are offspring or family members, TV, and medical practitioners. In general, elderly men with a higher educational level and living in less remote areas had better nutrition knowledge, held more positive nutrition attitudes, and kept to dietary restrictions less frequently. Elderly people's nutrition knowledge was positively related to their health-care attitudes, general eating attitudes, high- fat or high-cholesterol food restriction behavior, fermented or pickled food restriction behavior, attention to nutrition information, and regularity of meals. However, nutrition knowledge was inversely related to Chinese traditional or food-texture-related dietary restriction behaviors. The results of this study suggest that education of elderly people about nutrition is important, and the design of such nutrition education programs should consider the low educational levels of the elderly. Children or other family members may also be included in the program. The use of TV as a medium for nutrition education of the elderly may also be important for nutrition educators.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

An interactive microcomputer program for calculation of combined parenteral and enteral nutrition for neonates.

A responsive, iterating program is described (available on diskette from first author), which enables the physician to formulate a balanced, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for low-birth-weight and sick newborns. The program allows for the possibility of TPN or simultaneous intravenous, intraarterial, and oral feeding. It calculates the overall balance of fluids, nutrients, calories, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins. It features the integration of algorithms and limit tests of nutritional balance, to produce a feeding program that can be modified by clinical considerations of the physician, specific for each patient. The entire procedure can be accomplished, and a record of the entries and orders to the pharmacy and to the ward staff printed, within about 4-5 min. The program, which is written in BASIC, can be accommodated within and operated with a 16K byte microcomputer, equipped with a monitor, a printer, and a diskette or other program storage device.

Computers↗
PubMed2002

Dietary and physical activity patterns of 8- to 10-year-old urban schoolchildren in Manila, Philippines.

This report is the second part of a study on the nutrition of urban schoolchildren in the city of Manila; the first part was on nutritional status. The primary purpose of the study was to gather data that will assist authorities in planning and implementing nutrition education programs focused on the growing problem of obesity and overweight in children. The study included 1,208 children 8 to 10 years of age, who were randomly selected from all public and private schools in the city of Manila. Data on the children's dietary and physical activity patterns, together with information on nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of the children and their parents, were gathered by interviews and self-administered questionnaires. There were distinct differences in dietary and physical activity patterns between the two groups of children. Children from private schools, who are generally of higher socioeconomic status than those from public schools, tended to consume more total food, more animal foods, fats, and oils, and more beverages, resulting in higher intakes of calories, protein, iron, and vitamin A than public schoolchildren. Moreover, children from private schools were apparently less physically active, were more likely to be driven to school instead of walking, and were more likely to prefer television and computer games over outdoor games. These differences agree with an earlier report on the nutritional status of the children as determined by anthropometry, which showed a higher proportion of overnutrition and a lower proportion of undernutrition among private schoolchildren than among public schoolchildren. Although the emphasis in public schools should be on prevention and control of undernutrition in children, private schools should begin to look at the emerging problem of overnutrition and the role of physical activity programs in the health of children. The information on the knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of the children and their parents showed that parents or guardians, teachers, and television influence the nutritional practices of schoolchildren. These groups should therefore be the major targets for nutrition education programs meant to improve the nutrition and health of schoolchildren.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The methodology of quality control in parenteral nutrition. II. The application of the program to a therapeutic plan].

Patients subjected to parenteral nutrition (PN) must be treated based on a therapeutical plan which has been adapted to their nutritional and clinical needs within a normalizing framework. Furthermore, for this therapeutical plan to be effective and safe, not only must it be suitable for the patient, but also "exact" with regard to daily routines. The quality control programme designed was applied retrospectively to 148 patients. Evaluation was made based on the following indicators: a) delay in initiating parenteral nutrition, b) average intake of macronutrients, c) administration of micronutrients, d) duration of the PN, e) temporary interruptions of the PN, f) errors in medication and g) return of nutrient units. The compliance percentage obtained was 100, 100, 28.7, 89.5, 63.2 100 and 100 respectively. The results obtained have made it possible to understand the quality profile of the therapeutical plan applied to patients on PN. It is also a useful method for the continued improvement of this therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Effectiveness of a nutrition education and physical fitness training program in lowering lipid levels in the black elderly.

A multidisciplinary nutrition education and fitness training program was tested for its effectiveness in lowering lipid profiles of elderly clients through dietary modification and exercise. The program served 31 free-living, predominantly female, black elderly aged 56-88 years. Dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, and fitness assessments were performed before and after the 10-week, biweekly program. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) were seen in waist circumference, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), and TC/HDL-C ratio. These findings suggest a 10-week, biweekly program can be effective in producing both significant, as well as favorable changes, in atherogenic lipids in elderly black subjects.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1987

Nutritional therapy for high blood pressure. Final report of a four-year randomized controlled trial--the Hypertension Control Program.

A four-year trial assessed whether less severe hypertensives could discontinue antihypertensive drug therapy, using nutritional means to control blood pressure. Randomization was to three groups: group 1--discontinue drug therapy and reduce overweight, excess salt, and alcohol; group 2--discontinue drug therapy, with no nutritional program; or group 3--continue drug therapy, with no nutritional program. In groups 1 and 2 patients resumed drug therapy if pressure rose to hypertensive levels. Loss of at least 4.5 kg (10 + lb) was maintained by 30% of group 1, with a group mean loss of 1.8 kg (4 lb); sodium intake fell 36% and modest alcohol intake reduction was reported. At four years, 39% in group 1 remained normotensive without drug therapy, compared with 5% in group 2. Study findings demonstrated that nutritional therapy may substitute for drugs in a sizable proportion of hypertensives or, if drugs are still needed, can lessen some unwanted biochemical effects of drug treatment.

Adult↗