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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Bilateral optic neuritis originating in a single chiasmal lesion. A case report.

A case of bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis with profound visual loss is described. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fat-saturation suppression and gadolinium enhancement done 15 days after the onset of symptoms demonstrated bilateral posterior optic nerve disease in a pattern similar to that seen in previously reported cases. However, subsequent retrospective review of an MRI study done at a different hospital during the first week of disease demonstrated a single focus of gadolinium enhancement within the body of the chiasm. This observation suggests that bilateral demyelination of the posterior optic nerves may begin as a single focus of chiasmal disease that then spreads to involve the proximal portions of the optic nerves.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The laser therapy of median nerve neuritis in a biocontrol mode].

Treatment of neuritis of nervus medianus goes on much faster if biocontrolled regimen of laser therapy synchronization with blood rhythms of the patient is introduced. Estimation of the nervus conductivity recovery rate and muscular contractility was based on the data obtained at broadened electrodiagnosis with sinusoidal modulated currents.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral optic neuritis in occupational exposure to trichloroethylene.

Central nervous system depression is the predominant response to acute trichloroethylene exposure. Cranial or peripheral nerves are also affected. The paper is a case report of a bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis caused by occupational trichloroethylene poisoning. The urinary concentration of trichloroacetic acid one week after the onset of symptoms was positive. Visual fields and visual evoked potentials recovered eight months later. Other neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis were excluded.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herpes zoster brachial plexus neuritis.

This is the first report of brachial plexus inflammation associated with clinical herpes zoster paresis. A 78-year-old female with a 3-week history of herpes zoster of the C4, C5, and C6 dermatomes developed left upper arm monoplegia. She died from an acute myocardial infarction. Post-mortem provided a rare opportunity to study the neuropathology of herpes zoster motor involvement. Histology of the brachial plexus showed extensive lymphocytic infiltration, myelin breakdown, and preservation of axons without vasculitis. The cervical spinal cord showed perivascular lymphocytic cuffing and no anterior horn necrosis. We suggest, the brachial plexus inflammation was a distal extension of a dorsal ganglionitis. Brachial plexus neuritis may be a direct cause of reversible upper limb paresis in herpes zoster. We demonstrate the motor neuropathy is an inflammatory demyelinative process consistent with the recovery observed in a number of patients. We postulate post-herpetic neuralgia may be related to an ongoing inflammatory process.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effect of steroid therapy on parameters of peripheral autonomic dysfunction in leprosy patients with acute neuritis.

Recent electrophysiological studies on peripheral autonomic dysfunction in leprosy patients show a high prevalence of autonomic dysfunction as measured by abnormal vasomotor reflexes (VMR) and absent sympathetic skin response (SSR). Nothing is known about the reversibility of these autonomic parameters with treatment. Since there is evidence that small fiber function may be the most reversible component in neuropathies, we measured the effect of steroid treatment on autonomic parameters together with motor and sensory functions in leprosy patients with acute neuritis. Control subjects were investigated for repeatability testing of autonomic function. Due to a relatively high variability on repeat VMR testing in the controls, we defined a change in VMR testing as a change of > 30%. With this definition, the VMR of 14.8% of the patients improved, 75% remained unchanged, and 10.2% worsened. Absent SSR became positive in 16.6% and remained unchanged in 83.4%. Improvement in sensory motor functions was seen in 21.2% and 1.3% of the patients, respectively.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[The development of multiple sclerosis following an isolated episode of optic neuritis. Magnetic resonance study].

BACKGROUND: An important controversy on the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) after an isolated episode of optic neuritis (ON) exists. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of election in order to detect demyelinated lesions in MS. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of brain abnormalities on MRI and to asses the further development of MS after an isolated idiopathic ON in our population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 1995, 60 patients with decrease of visual acuity were studied, 35 (28 women, half age 31 +/- 10 years) completed criteria of idiopathic ON. A brain MRI was performed in all patients after the diagnosis of idiopathic ON and they subsequently were followed in the outpatient clinic from our center for a mean time of 29 +/- 16 months. 24 out of the 35 patients were treated with corticosteroids in different ways. RESULTS: It has been found 43% of the patients with idiopathic ON to have brain lesions by MRI. During the follow-up 14% of the patients developed a clinically definite MS; all of them had a pathological brain MRI at the basal evaluation (p = 0.009). None of the patients that were treated with high-dose of intravenously corticosteroids developed MS. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of silent cerebral lesions in the MRI after an idiopathic ON is elevated in our population although further development of MS is lower possibly due to the short follow-up carried out. The presence of lesions in the MRI confers a high risk for developing MS after an idiopathic ON.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Primary idiopathic optic neuritis in U.S. Air Force Aviators.

The records of 31 male aviators seen at the Ophthalmology Branch of the USAF Aeromedical Consultation Service (formerly the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine) for a diagnosis of primary idiopathic optic neuritis (PION) were reviewed. Each subject received comprehensive ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations. The long-term follow-up data were collected through repeat examinations and by survey. Despite 39% of aviators being grounded due to complications of their PION or multiple sclerosis (MS), many aviators diagnosed with PION may be safely returned to flying duties. However, any aviator diagnosed with PION has a risk of recurrence or a potential to develop systemic MS and must be carefully reevaluated and followed to ensure they remain a viable asset and do not compromise flight safety or mission completion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Infrared laser puncture in the treatment of facial neuritis].

Overall eighty-seven patients with facial neuritis [correction of paralysis] received multimodality treatment involving infrared laser acupuncture procedures. The unit "Biomed-001" operating at wavelength 890 nm with intensity 20 mW served as a source of laser light. The acupuncture points (with 10 to 15 points in each treatment session, duration of exposure being 1 to 3 min) were selected according to principles of traditional Chinese medicine. One course of the infrared laser therapy acupuncture treatments is 12 to 16 sessions. The described treatment option applied in the above patients population was associated with a good clinical effect confirmed by results of studies made with the aid of electrophysiological modalities.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1998

Follow-up studies on pattern reversal visually evoked cortical potentials in a 2-year-old child with optic neuritis.

A 2-year and 7-month-old boy had sudden visual loss in both eyes and showed bilateral optic neuritis without systemic symptoms. Steroid therapy improved his visual acuity from 0.077 and 0.053 to 1.0 at 7 months after onset. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed high density in both optic nerves and multiple lesions in the white matter that were enhanced by gadolinium. We considered the diagnosis of demyelinating disease. Follow-up MRI showed no abnormal lesion. Both transient and steady-state pattern visually evoked cortical potentials were nondetectable at the onset, and the P100 component of the transient pattern reversed visually evoked cortical potential appeared to be delayed thereafter. It has since become shorter in parallel with visual acuity improvement.

Blindness↗
PubMed1998

[A differentiated approach to laser puncture in facial neuritis by using the methods of acupuncture diagnosis].

Overall 87 patients with neuritis of the facial nerve were studied by making use of methods of acupuncture diagnosis as recommended by Nakatani and Akabane. The parameters under investigation included the level of physiologic corridor, left-right asymmetry, the Yang and the Yin meridians sum ratio, maximum deviation from the physiological corridor in certain meridians. The results obtained permitted the identification of three groups of patients depending on the duration of their illness. This permitted the differentiated approach to the use of laser puncture in these patients securing good results of treatment which were confirmed by both the positive dynamics of acupuncture methods of investigation and data supplied by the electrophysiological techniques (EMG, EEG). With the purpose of performing laser puncture, the infrared laser puncture apparatus Biomed-001 (wavelength 0.89, average laser emissive power 20 mw) was employed.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1997

[The use of pedicular flap from the squared pronator muscle in the prevention and treatment of neuritis. Report of 8 cases].

The distal third of the forearm is a tendinous area, in which nerves could be irritated by surrounding skin scars or synovitis. In this area, a distally or proximally based pronator quadratus muscle flap could be used to wrap around the median or superficial branch of the radial nerve. Such flaps have been used successfully in eight cases, four cases of chronic neuritis, 2 cases of wrapping a median nerve graft and 2 cases of nerve coverage following trauma. All patients obtained pain relief with no alteration of finger movements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Case of the month: May 1998--a patient with HIV infection and multiple cranial neuritis.

A 36-year old male with a three year history of HIV infection and more recently, CMV retinitis, had several episodes of polyradiculitis with severe bilateral leg pain and urinary retention which resolved slowly over several months. He then presented with high fevers and severe dysphagia with dehydration. Examination showed oral thrush, dyarthric speech and mild memory impairment. Fundoscopic exam showed CMV retinitis and HIV retinopathy. Further examination revealed other cranial nerve signs and leg weakness. MRI scans showed several contrast enhancing abnormalities of cranial nerve roots. The patient died from massive barium aspiration. At autopsy the brain showed multiple CMV cranial neuritis, CMV polyradiculitis and CMV ventriculo-ependymitis. While spinal nerve root involvement by CMV may occur in up to 1% of AIDS patients, involvement of cranial nerves is unusual and CMV infection of multiple cranial nerves is distinctly rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A risk of developing multiple sclerosis following an outbreak of optic neuritis during a mean follow-up of 4.5 years].

OBJECTIVE: The current study was designed to determine the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after an isolated idiopathic optic neuritis (ON). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 28 patients (range from 18-45 years) who presented a unilateral acute ON between 1 st April and 31 st December. We excluded optic neuropathy of other causes, a previous diagnosis of MS or systemic diseases associated with ON. Patients underwent brain MRI, visual evoked potentials (VEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). The mean interval between ON onset and MRI was 3.1 months. 24 patients were treated with corticosteroids in different ways: oral prednisone (14) and intravenous methylprednisolone (10). Mean duration of the follow-up was 4.5 years in 26 patients. RESULTS: Brain MRI detected white matter areas with increased signal in 10 of 25 patients (40%). Eight (30%) had bilateral anormalities on VEP, while SEPs and BAEPs revealed anormalities in one patient (5.5%). Two out 26 patients (7.7%) developed CDMS; one was treated with oral prednisone and the other with intravenous corticosteroids. No patients with normal MRI developed MS compared to 20% of patients with lesions on initial brain MRI. The only patient with abnormal SEPs and BAEPs did not develop MS. CONCLUSIONS: We found in our population low rate of developing CDMS with higher risk for those ON with abnormalities on initial brain MRI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Neuritis of the cauda equina, a chronic idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis in the horse.

Four cases of neuritis of the cauda equina (NCE) were studied by light and electron microscopy. Examination of sacral intradural rootlets revealed inflammatory cell infiltrates and an array of myelinated fiber changes which included myelin stripping by invading mononuclear cells and macrophages, as well as splitting and vesiculation of myelin lamellae without obvious participation by leukocytes. More distally in the extradural roots, there was marked granulomatous inflammation, and demyelinative changes were overshadowed by widespread evidence of irreversible axon damage. In all cases, unusual crystalline inclusions appeared in the endoneurium and sheaths of the rootlets and fascicles. The changes in NCE were compared and contrasted with those observed in acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinative neuropathies.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Acute sciatic neuritis following total hip arthroplasty: a case report.

Nerve injuries after total hip arthroplasty are relatively uncommon, but a higher prevalence has been reported in revision arthroplasties, in women and in patients with dysplastic hips. We report a case of a patient who had a painful neuritis of the sciatic nerve after primary arthroplasty, without any objective evidence of motor or sensory deficit and had complete relief of pain after the limb lengths were matched to the contra-lateral side after revision arthroplasty.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Recovery of the high-acceleration vestibulo-ocular reflex after vestibular neuritis.

Vestibular neuritis (VN) usually leads to a sudden gain asymmetry of the high-acceleration horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). We asked whether this asymmetry decreases over time indicating peripheral recovery and/or central compensation. The horizontal VOR during rapid rotational head impulses to both sides was recorded with search coils in 37 patients at different time periods (1-240 weeks) after the onset of VN. In ten patients, sequential measurements were performed. Gains of the VOR during head impulses toward the ipsilesional side significantly increased after the initial drop (average gains: < 1 week: 0.35; 1-4 weeks: 0.33; 4-40 weeks: 0.55; 40-240 weeks: 0.50). Gains on the contralesional side, however, were only slightly reduced and showed no significant change. We conclude that, in contrast to patients after hemilabyrinthectomy or unilateral vestibular neurectomy, the ocular response to ipsilesional rotations in patients after VN improves over time. This finding suggests that ipsilesional recovery is peripheral or, if central, depends on spared peripheral function. The physiology of linear and nonlinear VOR pathways predicts a considerable gain reduction for contralesional head impulses if central compensation mechanisms are not engaged. Thus, the relatively preserved gain on the contralesional side can be explained only by central "upregulation". Apparently, for high accelerations of the head, effective central compensation after VN does not aim to balance the gains of the VOR but tries to boost the contralesional gain close to normal.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and electrophysiological studies of diphtheritic neuritis in Jordan.

Eleven patients with acute diphtheritic neuritis were studied clinically and electrophysiologically. Decreased conduction velocity and increased distal motor latency were present in most patients within two weeks of the onset of neurological symptoms. Velocities later fell to approximately 45% of mean normal values. Wasting with electrophysiological evidence of denervation was present in 3 patients. Nerve conduction studies had returned to normal within 3 months in 8 patients. There was a striking dissociation between the time course of the clinical and the neurophysiological abnormalities: early in the illness, peripheral nerve conduction was normal in some patients despite the presence of severe weakness, and later, the maximum electrophysiological abnormalities were sometimes found after clinical recovery had commenced. The nature and sequence of the clinical and electrophysiological changes are in accord with the known pattern and distribution of the pathological changes in the disease.

Adolescent↗