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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Gowns: selection on a procedure-driven basis.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires that the types and characteristics of personal protective equipment used "depend upon the task and degree of exposure anticipated." The level of protection required, therefore, is logically contingent upon the operative site, estimated blood loss, and duration of the procedure. However, more recent studies provide data that specifically identify the personnel and areas of the body that are most likely to become contaminated. This adds a new dimension to the procedure-oriented selection process that is worthy of consideration.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1996

Initial worker evaluation of a new safety syringe.

A prospective evaluation of a new safety syringe requiring a one-step activation was carried out at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center. Only 59.5% of 390 syringes were activated, and user acceptance and satisfaction were unfavorable. The development of safety devices should incorporate passive activation and take end-user satisfaction into consideration.

California↗
PubMed1997

Noncompliance with universal precautions and the associated risk of mucocutaneous blood exposure among Danish physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To study the compliance, and reasons for noncompliance, with Universal Precautions and the associated circumstances of mucocutaneous blood exposure (MCE) among Danish physicians. DESIGN: A nationwide questionnaire survey. SETTING: All Danish hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: All hospital-employed physicians. RESULTS: Of 9,384 questionnaires, 6,256 (67%) were returned, and 6,005 were eligible for analysis. Only 35% of respondents were compliant with the basic principle of Universal Precautions. Compliance with specific barriers in the preceding week among "surgeons and pathologists" and "other physicians" was as follows: gloves, 63.0% and 23.4%; masks, 55.2% and 17.6%; and protective eyewear, 11.5% and 4.0%, respectively. Common arguments for non-compliance were "interferes with working skills," "forget," "wear spectacles," "not available," "too much trouble to get," or "gloves do not fit." Detailed descriptions of 741 MCEs were obtained. Blood splashes in the eyes (n = 320) was the most common MCE in surgical specialties and pathology, whereas blood on the hands (n = 290) was most common in other specialties. In 20% of MCEs of the eyes, the exposure occurred despite the use of spectacles. An estimated 84% to 98% of MCEs potentially would have been preventable had appropriate barriers been worn. More than one half of MCEs were preventable by two interventions only: compulsory use of protective eyewear during operations and use of gloves during insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters. CONCLUSION: Compliance with Universal Precautions is unacceptably low, as reflected by the circumstances of MCE. Increased efforts to ensure education in Universal Precautions, easy accessibility of protective barriers, and improved design of the barriers are necessary to improve compliance and reduce the risk of MCE.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1998

Postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus: frequency of initiation and completion of newly recommended regimen.

Recent evidence demonstrating the efficacy of zidovudine, as well as experience with protease inhibitors, led to revision of recommendations for occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus-infected blood. At our hospital, this resulted in significant increases in rates of reported exposures and prophylaxis initiation. Among 10 healthcare workers given three-drug, protease-inhibitor-containing regimens, five completed 4 weeks, two completed 4 weeks of two drugs, and three stopped due to intolerance. Three workers missed work due to side effects.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1997

Disposables as sources of preanalytical contamination and misdiagnosis.

Laboratory samples from two different patients produced false-positive results. Investigations indicated that the errors were produced by a combination of miniscule preanalytical contamination of disposables, suboptimal systems design, and very sensitive analytical systems. The errors may be avoidable by changing the configuration of workstations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗