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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Information consumerism on the World Wide Web: implications for dermatologists and patients.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is continuing to grow exponentially both in terms of numbers of users and numbers of web pages. There is a trend toward the increasing use of the WWW for medical educational purposes, both among physicians and patients alike. The multimedia capabilities of this evolving medium are particularly relevant to visual medical specialties such as dermatology. The origins of information consumerism on the WWW are examined, and the public health issues surrounding dermatologic information and misinformation, and how consumers navigate through the WWW are reviewed. The economic realities of medical information as a "capital good," and the impact this has on dermatologic information sources on the WWW are also discussed.Finally, strategies for guiding consumers and ourselves toward credible medical information sources on the WWW are outlined.

Dermatology↗
PubMed2001

Computer-based patient record systems.

OBJECTIVES: To provide oncology nurses with an overview of computer-based patient record (CPR) systems, a key infrastructure requirement in information management that is essential to maintaining a scientific basis for health care. DATA SOURCES: Published articles, research studies, and review articles pertaining to CPR systems. CONCLUSIONS: Progress in hardware development, software applications, and interfaces combine to bring us multimedia patient record systems. Many obstacles have been overcome as standards have emerged and technologies conform to those standards. However, there has been limited success in implementation of such systems. Early acceptance of structured data and problem-oriented documentation set the framework for charting in the electronic record. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology clinicians and cancer patients alike will realize greater efficiencies and increased quality in health care when the CPR is fully implemented.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Orthopedics in the world wide web: university homepages of the G-7 states].

QUESTIONS: By which criteria can a homepage be evaluated? How is the quality of homepages provided by universities in the field of orthopaedics/traumatology? METHODS: Based on 37 ranking instruments, an optimized list of criteria has been developed. Homepages of orthopaedic and traumatology departments of medical schools in the G7 Nations have been found with help of university homepages and search engines and afterwards were analysed according to previously defined criteria. RESULTS: A list of criteria containing 18 subject areas with 49 questions was developed. 136 homepages were evaluated from October 1998 to April 1999. 15 outstanding homepages were found. The best homepages are from medical schools in the USA and Germany. The most frequent subjects were structure of the department (contained in 85% of the homepages) and education/training (68%). 42 homepages provided medical information, 67% of those homepages provided references (attribution), and 26% provided information about authority and authorship. 46% of all hompages were not updated sufficiently. Out of 125 homepages with an e-mail address 36% responded to an inquiry. Multimedia features such as video, sound or animation were used by 6% of the homepages. CONCLUSION: Apart from few exceptions, homepages of orthopaedic-traumatologic departments of medical schools are still insufficient with regard to quality and quantity, especially regarding medical information for patients and professionals. The developed last of criteria should be helpful in installing a basic standard for homepage quality. The time and effort involved in setting up and servicing a homepage should not be underestimated.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2001

[Virtual conferences in medicine].

The Internet and high-speed communication facilities have tremendously simplified the exchange of multimedia data. E-mail and World Wide Web have become important tools for everyday information and communication. In recent years there have been numerous attempts to exploit web technology for virtual conferences. However, in the medical domain, only few virtual conferences could be established. We describe the architecture and typical features of virtual conferences, their organizational and technical requirements and discuss prerequisites for their successful implementation.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1998

[A remote access system for inquiry of centrally stored data on patients suspected of malignant hyperthermia . A prototypical development for the Internet].

OBJECTIVES: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an inherited, potentially life-threatening syndrome of the skeletal muscles. It is a life-threatening complication of anaesthesia with a high mortality (8-10%). The risk of the patient during anaesthesia due to an overlooked predisposition for MH can be reduced by organisational measures, such as, all data of MH-susceptible patients and their families known in Germany must be brought together in a central register, MH-relevant data of patients must be readily retrievable, optional oral advice for those making an inquiry must be available. METHODS: To achieve this goal, a client-server system has been implemented: Standard Multimedia personal computers installed at the user's (anaesthetist's) site, linked to the Internet, will act as clients. On a server, relevant data of patients concerning MH-susceptibility are integrated in a central database. The newly developed software of this project ensures the legally prescribed data security on the server and the data routes. At the client's site, standard software together with automatically installed programmes from the server using Java applets ensure easy use and maintenance. IMPLEMENTATION: The total system was implemented and tested. Its functionality and high availability was demonstrated during this test period. Relevant aspects of data security were successfully examined by the data security officer of the University Hospitals of Baden-Württemberg. The user can optionally call a multifunctional teleconference which secures on-line advice if needed. This system demonstrates a safe and quick retrieval of MH relevant data of patients via Internet while at the same time guaranteeing all aspects of data protection and security. CONCLUSION: A prototypical database access system is described. It ensures safe access to patient data via Internet, while guaranteeing all aspects of data security.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

[Communication and integration of medical documents for the teleconference use. An outcome of the BERMED project].

The collaboration between physicians is supported in the BERMED project by implementing the remote access to distributed patient data and the realisation of computer-based medical conferencing. This requires the integration of the multimedia data in form of a meta-patient record for our medical application systems. These applications are supported by a distributed information management promoting access to different information systems, imaging modalities and digital archival storage systems. The features of image processing are concerned with quantification, segmentation and 3-D-visualisation to obtain additional information. This paper gives an overview of the actual state of the teleconferencing system in radiology.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Environmental persistence of chemicals.

BACKGROUND: The hazard criterion of persistence as it applies to chemicals in the environment is reviewed and discussed. This quantity can not be measured directly in the environment, thus it must be estimated using models that synthesise information on chemical half-lives and partitioning properties, the nature of the environment and how the chemical is released into the environment. MAIN FEATURES: It is suggested that the preferred criterion is the average residence time of the chemical in the environment, i.e. conceptually the sum of the life-times of all molecules (attributable only to losses by degrading reactions) divided by the number of molecules. If all chemical fate processes are first order, this persistence is independent of the quantity of chemical introduced and whether introduction is steady- or unsteady-state in nature. It is shown that in a multimedia environment persistence is affected not only by degradation kinetics, but also by mode-of-entry and partitioning. For screening level purposes a Level II equilibrium model may be adequate but a Level III model is generally preferable for estimating the average persistence. If a distribution of persistences is required a dynamic Level IV model must be used. DISCUSSION: The implications for regulating chemicals on the basis of persistence are discussed. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the preferred strategy is to use Level II, III, and IV models and that the use of only degradation kinetics or media-specific half-lives can be misleading and uneconomical.

Environmental Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women's initiative for nonsmoking (WINS) II: the intervention.

Women's Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS) is a randomized clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of a nurse-managed smoking cessation and relapse prevention intervention designed specifically for women. The WINS intervention is rooted in social learning theory, specifically that of self-efficacy. It is a multimedia approach that provides education, counseling, and telephone follow-up that meet the smoking cessation intervention guidelines established by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The WINS intervention has been successfully implemented in more than 140 women and has proven to be feasible and well accepted by both the women and their health care providers. Although the intervention in the protocol-driven randomized clinical trial was begun in the hospital, it is anticipated that nurses in any setting, inpatient or outpatient, who serve populations at risk for cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, lung cancer, or pulmonary disease could successfully provide the intervention.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Skin cancer awareness in suburban employees: a Hispanic perspective.

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States and accounts for an estimated 1 million new cases per year. In the white population, the rate of new melanomas diagnosed yearly has more than doubled from 5/100,000 in 1973 to 12/100,000 in 1990. The current lifetime risks for white persons are estimated to be 28% to 33% for basal cell carcinoma and 7% to 11% for squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer is more common in sun-sensitive, fair-skinned individuals but can occur in any ethnic group, especially with exposure in tropical or sunny climates. Little is known about awareness of skin cancer, risk perception, and performance of skin self-examination (SSE) by people with skin that rarely burns. Our purpose was to evaluate skin cancer awareness, perceptions of skin cancer risk, and performance of SSE in a Hispanic versus non-Hispanic white population with similar access to health care and promotion. One hundred forty people employed by a suburban city voluntarily attended a free skin cancer screening and completed a self-administered survey. Hispanic individuals reported decreased skin sensitivity and tendency to burn. Non-Hispanic individuals believed they were at greater than average risk for skin cancer, and most Hispanics believed they were at average or below average risk. None of the 27 Hispanics reported ever being taught SSE. More non-Hispanics (32%) had performed SSE within the last year than Hispanics (15%). Regular SSE was associated with a history of skin cancer. Multimedia messages usually link skin cancer warning signs and early detection strategies with having sun-sensitive skin. People without sun sensitivity did not perceive themselves as being at risk, did not learn the warning signs of skin cancer, and did not perform SSE. Awareness of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer and perception of risk among Hispanics were less than among non-Hispanics, which may contribute to presentation for care at an advanced stage.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Medical education as a science: the quality of evidence for computer-assisted instruction.

OBJECTIVE: A marked increase in the number of computer programs for computer-assisted instruction in the medical sciences has occurred over the past 10 years. The quality of both the programs and the literature that describe these programs has varied considerably. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the published literature that described computer-assisted instruction in medical education and to assess the quality of evidence for its implementation, with particular emphasis on obstetrics and gynecology. STUDY DESIGN: Reports published between 1988 and 2000 on computer-assisted instruction in medical education were identified through a search of MEDLINE and Educational Resource Identification Center and a review of the bibliographies of the articles that were identified. Studies were selected if they included a description of computer-assisted instruction in medical education, regardless of the type of computer program. Data were extracted with a content analysis of 210 reports. The reports were categorized according to study design (comparative, prospective, descriptive, review, or editorial), type of computer-assisted instruction, medical specialty, and measures of effectiveness. RESULTS: Computer-assisted instruction programs included online technologies, CD-ROMs, video laser disks, multimedia work stations, virtual reality, and simulation testing. Studies were identified in all medical specialties, with a preponderance in internal medicine, general surgery, radiology, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and pathology. Ninety-six percent of the articles described a favorable impact of computer-assisted instruction in medical education, regardless of the quality of the evidence. Of the 210 reports that were identified, 60% were noncomparative, descriptive reports of new techniques in computer-assisted instruction, and 15% and 14% were reviews and editorials, respectively, of existing technology. Eleven percent of studies were comparative and included some form of assessment of the effectiveness of the computer program. These assessments included pre- and posttesting and questionnaires to score program quality, perceptions of the medical students and/or residents regarding the program, and impact on learning. In one half of these comparative studies, computer-assisted instruction was compared with traditional modes of teaching, such as text and lectures. Six studies compared performance before and after the computer-assisted instruction. Improvements were shown in 5 of the studies. In the remainder of the studies, computer-assisted instruction appeared to result in similar test performance. Despite study design or outcome, most articles described enthusiastic endorsement of the programs by the participants, including medical students, residents, and practicing physicians. Only 1 study included cost analysis. Thirteen of the articles were in obstetrics and gynecology. CONCLUSION: Computer-assisted instruction has assumed to have an increasing role in medical education. In spite of enthusiastic endorsement and continued improvements in software, few studies of good design clearly demonstrate improvement in medical education over traditional modalities. There are no comparative studies in obstetrics and gynecology that demonstrate a clear-cut advantage. Future studies of computer-assisted instruction that include comparisons and cost assessments to gauge their effectiveness over traditional methods may better define their precise role.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2002

A self-organizing principle for learning nonlinear manifolds.

Modern science confronts us with massive amounts of data: expression profiles of thousands of human genes, multimedia documents, subjective judgments on consumer products or political candidates, trade indices, global climate patterns, etc. These data are often highly structured, but that structure is hidden in a complex set of relationships or high-dimensional abstractions. Here we present a self-organizing algorithm for embedding a set of related observations into a low-dimensional space that preserves the intrinsic dimensionality and metric structure of the data. The embedding is carried out by using an iterative pairwise refinement strategy that attempts to preserve local geometry while maintaining a minimum separation between distant objects. In effect, the method views the proximities between remote objects as lower bounds of their true geodesic distances and uses them as a means to impose global structure. Unlike previous approaches, our method can reveal the underlying geometry of the manifold without intensive nearest-neighbor or shortest-path computations and can reproduce the true geodesic distances of the data points in the low-dimensional embedding without requiring that these distances be estimated from the data sample. More importantly, the method is found to scale linearly with the number of points and can be applied to very large data sets that are intractable by conventional embedding procedures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of a metallic retrobulbar foreign body for diagnostic and surgical purposes. [Case report of orbital injury with ethmoid bone involvement].

The main goal of our dynamic 3D computer-assisted reconstruction of a metallic retrobulbar foreign body following orbital injury with ethmoid bone involvement was to use 3D-information obtained from standard computed tomography (CT) data to explore and evaluate the nasal cavity, ethmoidal sinuses, retrobulbar region, and the foreign body itself by simulated dynamic computed visualization of the human head. A foreign body, 10 x 30 mm in size, partially protruded into the posterior ethmoidal cells and partially into the orbit, causing dislocation and compression of the medial rectus muscle and inferior rectus muscle. The other muscles and the optic nerve were intact. Various steps were taken to further the ultimate diagnosis and surgery. Thin CT sections of the nasal cavity, orbit and paranasal sinuses were made on a conventional CT device at a regional medical center, CT scans were transmitted via a computer network to different locations, and special views very similar to those seen on standard endoscopy were created. Special software for 3D modeling, specially designed and modified for 3D C-FESS purposes, was used, as well as a 3D-digitizer connected to the computer and multimedia navigation through the computer during 3D C-FESS. Our approach achieves the visualization of very delicate anatomical structures within the orbit in unconventional (non-standard) sections and angles of viewing, which cannot be obtained by standard endoscopy or 2D CT scanning. Finally, virtual endoscopy (VE) or a 'computed journey' through the anatomical spaces of the paranasal sinuses and orbit substantially improves the 3D C-FESS procedure by simulating the surgical procedure prior to real surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Comparison between using spectral analysis of electrogoniometer data and observational analysis to quantify repetitive motion and ergonomic changes in cyclical industrial work.

Spectral analysis of continuously measured joint angles using an electrogoniometer was considered as a potentially efficient method for quantifying exposure to physical stress in repetitive manual work. The method was previously demonstrated in the laboratory but has not yet been tested extensively in the field. Spectral analysis was compared against observational analysis, consisting of time-and-motion study and posture classification. Six industrial jobs were selected: (1) press operation, (2) large parts hanging, (3) product packaging, (4) small parts hanging, (5) parts counting and sorting and (6) construction vehicle operation. The posture angle data were synchronized with activities on the video using an interactive multimedia video data acquisition system. Motion for every joint was analyzed using both spectral analysis and observational analysis. Joint angles for the wrist, elbow and shoulder were directly measured using electrogoniometers. Visual posture classification involved determining joint angles from a frozen videotape image sampled three times per s. Repetitiveness was quantified for observational analysis using time study to measure the frequency that specific motions repeat, while spectral analysis measured repetitiveness as the frequency where spectral peaks occurred. Spectral analysis agreed closely with observational analysis. Correlation between the repetition frequencies obtained using time study and spectral analysis was 0.97, with no statistically significant difference observed. Average sustained posture was quantified as the mean, and posture deviation as the RMS angle of joint motion. No statistically significant differences between data obtained using posture classification or spectral analysis were observed for either posture deviation or sustained posture. Since posture classification was very limited in resolution and often contained measurement errors caused by poor joint visibility, the correlation between the postural classification and spectral analysis was 0.77 for sustained posture and 0.53 for posture deviation. When considering only large motions that exceeded the posture classification angle precision, the correlation between postural classification and spectral analysis was 0.81 for sustained posture and 0.81 for posture deviation. Spectral analysis of electrogoniometer data were, therefore, an efficient method for analyzing repetitive manual work that obtained equivalent results, and was more precise than observational analysis.

Electrophysiology↗
PubMed2003

Virtual prototyping and testing of in-vehicle interfaces.

Electronic innovations that are slowly but surely changing the very nature of driving need to be tested before being introduced to the market. To meet this need a system for integrated virtual prototyping and testing has been developed. Functional virtual prototypes of various traffic systems, such as driver assistance, driver information, and multimedia systems can now be easily tested in a driving simulator by a rapid prototyping approach. The system has been applied in recent R&D projects.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

Pictures, words, and sounds: from which format are we best able to reason?

The effect of presentation format on reasoning was studied with a sentence verification task. Background information was presented in single-format and combined conditions that included pictured, printed, or spoken versions of the stimulus items. In Experiment 1, a test sentence appeared together with the background at varied stimulus onset asynchronies, to study how format influences the acquisition of the stimulus information. In Experiments 2 and 3, however, the test sentence followed the presentation of the background, to test the effect of format on memory. Reaction time responses to the test sentences showed a consistent picture advantage. However, when participants responded to materials stored in memory, both pictured and spoken formats provided quicker responses in comparison to printed words, and the format difference was smaller than when materials were readily available on the screen. Multimedia presentations, when compared with single-format conditions, did not provide additional benefits.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1976

Sex education for adolescents and their families.

This paper describes a unique, 2-day experiential program in sex education for adolescents and their families. The program is adapted from a similar teaching program for medical students and is a highly focused, intense emotional experience wherein participants are presented, via a multimedia approach, with a planned sequence of explicit sexual material on all areas of human sexuality. During the program, six small group sessions with family members in separate groups enable participants to share impressions and examine anxieties aroused by the presentations. The entire process is monitored by evaluative instruments and questionnaires. Results of the data support the hypothesis that communication is possible between generations, and assists rather than inhibits the development of an adult identity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

HI-SIMv1.0--towards the virtual reality of hearing impairments.

The virtual reality of hearing impairments has obvious practical applications in areas such as audiology, speech therapy and hearing aid technology and serves as an informational tool for the family members of the hearing impaired. To simulate hearing impairment, a CD-ROM with filtered speech material accessible through a graphical user-interface was produced; the user-interface was created with standard multimedia tools. The CD-ROM, HI-SIMv1.0, intended as an interactive educational tool, offers a virtual experience of the effects of a selection of common types of hearing impairment. The options available in this simulation include grade of hearing impairment, audiometric configuration and the type and level of background noise. Word recognition scores can be computed for standard Finnish audiometric material.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2001

Online publishing: how, why and other related issues.

The Internet allows the creation of a peer reviewed online journal, such as Images in Paediatric Cardiology, at a fraction of the cost of a conventional journal. Furthermore, an online journal can display a multitude of images and other multimedia material (such as audio and video files)--a feature not available in a conventional journal. The issues of creating such a journal are explored, along with the issues of online publishing, including copyright and peer review. Current proposals that may affect copyright and peer review in all journals are also outlined.

Computer Graphics↗