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PubMed2002

Multimedia technologies in education.

In general multimedia is the combination of visual and audio representations. These representations could include elements of texts, graphic arts, sound, animation, and video. However, multimedia is restricted in such systems where information is digitalized and is processed by a computer. Interactive multimedia and hypermedia consist of multimedia applications that the user has more active role. Education is perhaps the most useful destination for multimedia and the place where multimedia has the most effective applications, as it enriches the learning process. Multimedia both in nursing education and in medical informatics education has several applications as well. A multimedia project can be developed even as a "stand alone" application (on CD-ROM), or on World Wide Web pages on Internet. However several technical constraints exist for developing multimedia applications on Internet. For developing multimedia projects we need hardware and software, talent and skill. The software requirements for multimedia development consist of one or more authoring systems and various editing applications for text, images, sounds and video. In this chapter different software tools for creating multimedia applications are presented. In the last part of this chapter, two examples of multimedia educational training programs are discussed. Both are "stand alone" applications (CD-ROMs). The first, examines several aspects of the electronic patient record by using videos, audio descriptions, lectures and glossary, while the second one presents several topics regarding epidemiology and epidemiological research by using graphics, sound and animation.

CD-ROM↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ten years of medical informatics. Introduction.

The discussions of the Tenth Anniversary of the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC) are summarized. Eight different subject areas are addressed: Medical informatics and medical education; Decision making, medical artificial intelligence, modelling and simulations; Image processing, 3-D graphics, and computer networks; Reimbursement policy, legal and regulatory issues; Encoding and representation of medical meaning; Ambulatory medical records systems; Hospital information systems; and Software environments for developing medical information systems. The activities of the 10th SCAMC consisted of Tutorials, Panel Discussions, a Plenary Session, Scientific Demonstrations, and an International Student Paper Competition in Medical Informatics.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

Medical informatics and bioinformatics: European efforts to facilitate synergy.

Over the past decade there have been several attempts to rethink the basic strategies and scope of medical informatics. Meanwhile, bioinformatics has only recently experienced a similar debate about its scientific character. Both disciplines envision the development of novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and management tools, and products for patient care. A combination of the expertise of medical informatics in developing clinical applications and the focused principles that have guided bioinformatics could create a synergy between the two areas of application. Such interaction could have a great influence on future health research and the ultimate goal, namely continuity and individualization of health care. This article summarizes current activities related to facilitating synergy between medical informatics and bioinformatics, emphasizing activities in Europe while relating them to efforts in other parts of the world. The report provides examples of the analysis that European investigators are carrying out, aiming to propose new ideas for collaborations between medical informatics and bioinformatics researchers in a variety of areas.

Computational Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progress with formalization in medical informatics?

The prevailing view of medical informatics as a primarily subservient discipline in health care is challenged. Developments in both general informatics and medical informatics are described to identify desirable properties of modeling languages and tools needed to solve key problems in the application field. For progress in medical informatics, it is considered essential to develop far more formal modeling languages, modeling techniques, and tools. A major aim of this development should be to expel ambiguity from concepts essential to medicine, positioning medical informatics "at the heart of health care."

Information Systems↗
PubMed1996

Gálapagos: computer-based support for evolution of a convergent medical terminology.

Current controlled medical terminologies fall short of the needs of informatics application developers. To overcome the limitations of current medical terminologies, many groups are independently enhancing existing terminologies to meet their local needs. With proper computer-based support, local enhancements can be used as evolutionary stepping stones toward a convergent medical terminology. Gálapagos is a collection of applications that can take local enhancements from multiple sites, identify conflicting design decisions, allow developers to reconcile the conflicting designs, and efficiently disseminate updates tailored specifically for compatibility with locally enhanced terminologies. This paper describes an initial proof-of-concept of the Gálapagos programs using data generated during concurrent SNOMED enhancement by Kaiser Permanente and the Mayo Clinic.

Medical Informatics Computing↗
PubMed2000

Retooling practitioners in the information age.

For "retooling" one needs two components: new hardware and new skills. "Hardware" in the Medical Informatics environment includes not only hardware in a narrow definition, but operating and application software, network services, security services etc. Since the sixties, Medical Informatics has slowly moved from fighting computer hardware to fighting the complexity of application software and its installation. Thus the hardware part in the retooling process has changed but did not decrease in importance. Retooling medical professionals also means retraining of professionals--often a major investment. Regarding the necessary skills, we have to adapt existing medical curricula and continuous medical education (CME). So far, these have not successfully been adjusted to the retooling needs. The international community has to address these matters, specifically in the context of medical curriculum and CME.

Aged↗
PubMed2007

The quality of evidence in health informatics: how did the quality of healthcare IT evaluation publications develop from 1982 to 2005?

OBJECTIVE: To obtain an overview of study designs and study methods used in research evaluating IT in health care, to present a list of quality criteria by which all kinds of reported evaluation studies on IT systems in health care can be assessed, and to assess the quality of reported evaluation studies on IT in health care and its development over time (1982-2005). METHODS: A generic 10-item list of quality indicators was developed based on existing literature on quality of medical and medical informatics publications. It is applicable to all kind of IT evaluation papers and not restricted to randomized controlled trials. One hundred and twenty explanatory papers evaluating the effects of an IT system in health care published between 1982 and 2005 were randomly selected from PubMed, the study designs and study methods were extracted, and the quality indicators were used to assess the quality of each paper by two independent raters. RESULTS: The inter-rater variability of scoring the 10 quality indicators as assessed by a pre-test with nine papers was good (K=0.87). There was a trend towards more multi-centre studies and authors coming more frequently from various departments. About 70% of the studies used a design other than a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty percent of the studies combined at least two different data acquisition methods. The quality of IT evaluation papers, as defined by the quality indicators, was only slightly improving in time (Spearman correlation coefficient [rs]=0.19). The quality of RCTs publications was significantly higher than the quality of non-RCT studies (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The continuous and dominant number of non-RCT studies reflects the various approaches applicable to evaluate IT systems in health care. Despite the increasing discussion on evidence-based health informatics, the quality of published evaluation studies on IT interventions in health care is still insufficient in some aspects. Journal editors and referees should take care that reports of evaluation on IT systems contain all aspects needed for a sufficient understanding and reproducibility of a paper. Publication guidelines should be developed to support more complete and better publications of IT evaluation papers.

Europe↗
PubMed2006

Evidence-based healthcare and health informatics: derivations and extension of epidemiology.

Epidemiology provides extremely valid information and evidence regarding human health. Epidemiologic findings with regard to major illnesses must be amassed, enhanced, and expanded further into related areas as a foundation for evidence-based medicine that is based on clinical practice, as well as for evidence-based healthcare that includes public health-related issues. Epidemiology should be recognized not only by epidemiologists but also by a variety of people, including specialists in other areas for healthcare and medicine, people in law and media, policy makers, and the general public. A system is needed that can create information for facilitating appropriate decision-making with issues related to clinical medicine and public health. The principles and methodology of epidemiology are used as a base for developing a field of health informatics. The objective of health informatics is to establish a system for facilitating the flow and circulation of health and medical information. Health informatics has potential applications for the creation, communication, and use of information, and the discipline is being expanded as a practical applied science in search of solutions. This report represents an effort to expand the scope of health informatics and extend the applications of epidemiology by working with individuals in other disciplines and the public.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed1995

On the foundation and structure of medical informatics.

The authors from China and the United States take medical informatics from theory to practice by improving its research, application, and dissemination and by expanding its educational potential. We built a theoretical model and discussed its definition, approach, foundation, principles, and structure. Medical informatics is the interdisciplinary study of information science applied to medicine and health care. Its developing approach is transplantation. The foundation of medical informatics has "building blocks" of knowledge. They are: information procedure models; information classification principles; information processing methodologies; and functional hierarchical principles of information systems. The structure of medical informatics includes the main knowledge branches and their logical relations. There are four big branches: computer tools and systems methods; engineering equipment and methods; medical fields information systems; and health care management systems. Based on the investigation of the professional status (its theory and application, and its forms and the contents) of medical informatics, it can be seen that this new discipline is becoming mature.

China↗
PubMed1989

[Informatics: applications in bacteriology].

The subject of this work is to describe one of the possible applications of the informatics system in medical bacteriology, its exploitation in edition of the analysis results and in the management of produced stocks. The informatics is presently a very productive tool giving a precise information, a very important time gain and a better control of the costs. This work admit two chapters. In the first one, we give general notions of informatics and in the second one we describe the applications.

Algeria↗
PubMed1999

Human aspects of medical computer application.

Most of the research activities in the field of medical informatics are directed toward technological-technical problems. Human factors of computer use are often a neglected topic. Even the application of the tiniest microcomputer embedded in a medical diagnostic equipment may pose user acceptance and motivation problems but to mention larger scale hospital information systems. In this paper the author presents some aspects of the human-computer interaction problems in a medicinal computer application setting.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1998

Informatics and end-stage renal disease.

Medical informatics is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the intellectual activities; information management; and communication tasks of medical practice, basic science and clinical research, and medical education. By projecting the future of medical informatics as it specifically relates to applications in end-stage renal disease, this report focuses on some technical innovations, application of existing technology in novel ways, and program applications useful for practitioners caring for renal patients.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Developing Online Communities with LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) - the IMIA OSNI and CHIRAD Experiences.

Many health informatics organisations do not seem to use, on a practical basis, for the benefit of their activities and interaction with their members, the very technologies that they often promote for use within healthcare environments. In particular, many organisations seem to be slow to take up the benefits of interactive web technologies. This paper presents an introduction to some of the many free/libre and open source (FLOSS) applications currently available and using the LAMP - Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP architecture - as a way of cheaply deploying reliable, scalable, and secure web applications. The experience of moving to applications using LAMP architecture, in particular that of the Open Source Nursing Informatics (OSNI) Working Group of the Special Interest Group in Nursing Informatics of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA-NI), in using PostNuke, a FLOSS Content Management System (CMS) illustrates many of the benefits of such applications. The experiences of the authors in installing and maintaining a large number of websites using FLOSS CMS to develop dynamic, interactive websites that facilitate real engagement with the members of IMIA-NI OSNI, the IMIA Open Source Working Group, and the Centre for Health Informatics Research and Development (CHIRAD), as well as other organisations, is used as the basis for discussing the potential benefits that could be realised by others within the health informatics community.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Remodeling of legacy systems in health care using UML.

Research projects in the field of Medical Informatics often involve the development of application systems. Usually they are developed over a longer period of time, so that at a certain point of time a systematically planned reimplementation is necessary. The first step of reimplementation should be a systematic and comprehensive remodeling. When using UML for this task a systematic approach for remodeling activities is missing. Therefore, we developed a method for remodeling of legacy systems (Qumquad) and applied it to DOSPO, a documentation and therapy planning system for pediatric oncology. Qumquad helps to systematically carry out three steps: the modeling of the current actual state of the application system, the systematic identification of weak points and the development of a target concept for reimplementation considering the identified weak points. Results show that this approach is valuable and feasible and could be applied to various application systems in health care.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1992

Computers in healthcare: overview and bibliography.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to provide an overview of computer technology and an associated bibliography, emphasizing institutional-based healthcare applications and pharmacoinformatics. DATA SOURCES: References were selected from the authors' files and from a computerized search over the last five years on computers in healthcare/medical informatics and in pharmacy. STUDY SELECTION: Articles selected for review and discussion were considered to be important contributions to the respective areas listed in the bibliography and representative of advancements in computer applications in healthcare and pharmacy. DATA SYNTHESIS: The computer has become an important support tool for healthcare professionals. Medical informatics and the discipline related to pharmacy, called pharmacoinformatics, have evolved from the cognitive underpinnings of medicine, pharmacy, and computer science. Recent developments in computer technology have resulted in computers that are fast, increasingly portable, and user friendly. Hospital information systems employ computers in various ways to deal with the vast amount of information used by various departments. Standards for electronic data exchange are being developed to increase the integration potential of these systems. Hospital pharmacists have used computers for drug distribution, financial analysis and inventory control, drug interaction detection, pharmacokinetic dosing, drug information, and drug therapy monitoring. Expert systems are being developed in several areas of drug therapy. Pharmacy educators have developed interactive courseware to help students learn problem-solving skills in the areas of calculations, therapeutics, and drug information. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists need to become more involved with applications of technology to pharmacy. Properly implemented, computers can provide more time for pharmacists to use their cognitive skills in the delivery of pharmaceutical care.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1999

Actual problems in medical informatics.

Medical informatics has been the first science that connects all traditional medical disciplines, thanking to common information needs and requirements of these disciplines. Its goal is incorporating of information technology into medical praxis, getting medical professionals in touch with capabilities of computer technology and preparing the professionals for the future that belongs to more and more powerful computer technologies. Information as a "crucial" component of medicine is in the focus of each investigation. There are many problems that have to be solved through fundamental investigation: knowledge databases; knowledge structuring problems; joining the different kinds of knowledge; knowledge and representation of decision making process; medical concepts; integration and information and knowledge exchange; education of medical staff; structure and organisation. What kinds of management are the best for application in the field of medical informatics? What are the changes in organisation and structure when computer are used? How to connect education processes in clinical centres, libraries, clinical functions and investigations? In this article author discuss about the theoretical and practical part of the education process on biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to new curriculum.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed1999

The hip status: a telemedical application.

Biomedical informatics and biomedical engineering are interdisciplinary sciences that are growing fast and have a significant impact on healthcare delivery. The University Medical Centre in Ljubljana and the Medical Faculty through its institutes have initiated the building of their own telemedicine systems. These systems concern only the medical informatics field. However, in this work a telemedical application that uses a combination of biomedical engineering methods and methods of biomedical informatics is presented. This telemedical application was built at the Department of Surgery and it was named "The Hip Status Application". Its aims are to provide services of preventive medicine and health promotion for people with potential problems with the hip-joint, guidance for people that have already underwent an operation of implantation of hip endoprosthesis, or have in any other way affected hip-joints, remote system consultation for diagnostic purposes, etc. The application is still under evaluation, and it is meant as a start of a new era of engineering-powered telemedical applications at the Department of Surgery following the trends in the most developed countries of the World.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗