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PubMed1991

[Evaluation of speech therapy and rehabilitation exercises in mouth-breathers].

Mouth breathing induces a low rest posturing of the tongue and tongue thrusting in many cases. This disturbs the development of the oral functions. The first stage of the reeducation is nose breathing's rehabilitation in order to "liberate" the tongue. Nasal breathing cannot be taught exteriorly . It's a result of the physical well-being. It's important to observe the mouth breathers and understand their needs. The second stage of the reeducation concerns the tongue moving tonicity and suppleness. Every exercise relies on the proprioceptive control that makes the child aware of each motion of the tongue. The next stages will be the recovering of the different functions as the rest tongue posture, swallowing, chewing. The use of phonation (lingual alveolar speech sounds) will facilitate the automatism of the new functions, because the children feel the elevation of the tongue.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Northern Benin during the 1990-1991 dry season].

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease damaged the North-Benin during the 1990-1991 dry season (November to May). Coming from outside the Benin, it spread out very quickly in the country essentially because of trans-humant herds. No measures have been taken to limit this sickness which is endemic and which regularly exhibits outbreaks in Benin. Antibodies to types A, O and SAT2 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus were detected in the sera during this outbreak.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Use of indirect complement fixation test for studying foot and mouth disease virus].

The indirect complement-fixation test was used in experiments for the subtype differentiation, and with the agar gel diffusion and the serum neutralization test was studied the immunity in cattle that had already recovered from foot-and-mouth disease or were immunized against the disease. It was found that the indirect complement-fixation test is instrumental in the demonstration of the antigenic differences between the foot-and-mouth viruses. Comparative experiments have shown that the indirect test in this case is more expedient and of higher economic value than the direct CF reactions after Traub and Möhlmann and after Marucci. The assessment of the results of comparative investigations of sera carried out by the indirect complement-fixation test, the agar gel diffusion test, and the serum neutralization reaction revealed that the indirect reaction is a convenient, quick, and prompt method of work. Discussed is the sensitivity of the reaction and its advantages and its advantages in studies on a large scale on the immune status of animals immunized against F.M.D. or animals that have recovered from the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Attempts to adapt BNK cells to cultivation in suspension and study of the antigenic properties of foot-and-mouth diseases viruses obtained from them].

Experiments were carried out to cultivate the foot-and-mouth disease virus under laboratory conditions in a suspension of the BHK-21 cell line. Results showed that the number of cells cultivated in a susfor 48 to 72 hours of incubation reaches up to 2.2 X 10(6). It was also found that certain conditions should be observed for the successful cultivation of the cells in suspension, such as aeration, pH, and respective temperature. It was demonstrated that foot-and-mouth diseases viruses obtained from BHK cells propagating in suspension possess good antigenic and immunogenic properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Gas chromatographic method for trapping and detection of volatile organic compounds from human mouth air.

The present investigation describes a convenient method for collection and analysis of volatile organic compounds from 25 ml mouth air samples. Tenax-GC trapping devices coated with Teflon are used to adsorb and concentrate volatile organic compounds in mouth air at -20 degrees C, which are then thermally desorbed at 140 degrees C. Gas chromatography (GC) analyses are performed using an aluminum column coated with Teflon and packed with 2% poly-MPE on 80/100 mesh Tenax-GC, and employing a flame ionization detector. This procedure allows for amplification of peak heights and detection of compounds that may otherwise escape direct analysis. Of the six prominent peaks detected, identification based on retention times indicates the presence of methanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetone. Volatiles collected using this procedure can be maintained at -20 degrees C for up to 48 hours before analysis. The compact sample tubes allow the system to be easily portable, particularly suitable for sampling breath of persons with localized oral or systemic diseases at locations away from the laboratory. The superiority of this method is that relatively small samples are required for analysis, unlike previously published methods which are based on collection of large volumes of expired air in plastic bags.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1976

[Use of anti-foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in oil adjuvant in young cattle].

A comparative study of the activity of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines, both aqueous- and oil-adjuvanted, was carried out on young bovines from vaccinated mothers. The immunity of these animals against foot-and-mouth disease was controlled after the first vaccination and booster by serology (neutralizing antibody count and immunology virulence testing). After having followed the kinetics of decrease in seroneutralizing antibodies of maternal origin the animals were vaccinated at the age of 11 weeks either with aqueous-adjuvanted or oil-adjuvanted vaccine. A booster dose was given two months later. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals and two virulence tests were made, one 21 days after the first vaccination and the other six months after the booster dose.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

The airborne dispersal of foot-and-mouth disease virus from vaccinated and recovered pigs, cattle and sheep after exposure to infection.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus was detected during two periods in the air of looseboxes which housed susceptible, vaccinated or recovered pigs, cattle or sheep exposed to infection. The first was 30 min to 22 h after exposure and occurred in all animals. The second was two to seven days after exposure and occurred with those susceptible and vaccinated animals which developed clinical lesions, and with vaccinated and recovered pigs and sheep, which did not develop clinical lesions. Vaccination of animals before exposure resulted in less or no virus being detected. The virus during the first period was attributed to virus trapped on the animal during exposure, and the virus during the second period to limited multiplication in the respiratory tract. Control of movement for two weeks after contact with infection is suggested as a means of preventing spread of foot-and-mouth disease in areas that contain vaccinated animals.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1991

[The normal mouth in newborn infants].

The mouth is the place where the newborn begins his experience of life. An anatomical study of the mouth and of the airways-digestive tract junction can explain the particular physiological features of suction and deglutition. These functions bear witness to the neonatal brainstem maturation, improve the newborn's waking state and are the sources of novel acquisitions in the field of interrelations between mother and child.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1978

Secretory antibody responses in cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Antibody responses in serum, saliva, nasal secretions, or esophageal-pharyngeal fluid of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected steers were examined by single radial immunodiffusion and mouse-neutralization tests. In steers infected with type O foot-and-mouth disease virus, high serum antibody titers were detected within 10 days after infection. Antibody was first detected in saliva at 30 days and gradually increased to a plateau at about 90 days. Small amounts of antibody continued to be secreted in saliva and in nasal secretions for at least 6 months. Antibody was not detected in esophageal-pharyngeal fluid. The major antibody activity in secretions was due to secretory immunoglobulin A as revealed by radioimmunoelectrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease in Saskatchewan, Canada, 1951-1952.

Farms affected with foot-and-mouth disease during the epidemic in Saskatchewan, in 1951-1952, for which the origin of virus was not known or uncertain, were studied to determine if infection could have been introduced by the airborne route. A short-range Gaussian plume dispersion model was used to estimate the concentration of virus downwind and the dose available for individual animals. The investigation suggested that a large virus source due to infected pigs in a feedlot in January 1952 could have been responsible for airborne dispersion northwestwards downwind to farms up to 20 km distant. Subsequent spread from these farms was to neighboring farms and was influenced by the local topography of a creek. The dispersion model could be used for predicting airborne spread if foot-and-mouth disease should occur.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Foot-and-mouth disease in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus, 1758): search of antiantigen antibodies and isolation of the virus].

The immune response to virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen was studied in 379 Indian buffalos (Bubalus bubalis). These animals were vaccinated three times a year with commercial acetylethyleneimine (AEI)--inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines under field conditions. Two months after the last vaccination, antibody against virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen was found in 23 per cent. Foot-and-mouth disease virus -- (FMDV) type C "Waldmann" was isolated from oesophageal/pharyngeal fluid of 7 samples buffalos.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Anatomical study on the facial nerve innervating the floor of the mouth in chondrichthyes. Homology of the chorda tympani].

This paper deals with the results of the investigation of the facial nerves of chondrichthyes in order to consider the phylogenetic origin of the Chorda tympani in human. Six species of elasmobranchs (Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Cephaloscyllium umbratile, Squalus acanthias, Dasyatis akajei, Raja kwangtungensis and Mobura diabolus) were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope for this purpose, and the following results were obtained. Ramus palatinus and R. pre-spiracularis were observed as pre-trematic branches, while R. mandibularis externus, R. mandibularis internus and R. hyoideus originating from R. hyomandibularis were observed as post-trematicus of the facial proper in chondrichtyes. The rami intermedii indicated by Tanaka and Nakao (1979) were observed only in Dasyatis akajei. The R. hyomandibularis of Squalus acanthias had cutaneous branches, and the same branches were described in Chimaera by Takahashi and Kobayashi (1988). R. pre-spiracularis and R. mandibularis internus supply the floor of mouth in Squalus acanthias. As for the other chondrichthyes, R. mandibularis internus was only the one that could be found at the floor of mouth cavity under a stereoscopic microscope. From the observations described above and from previous studies, it may be concluded that the problem of whether the Chorda tympani is homologous with whether the pre- or post-trematicus of branchial nerves seems to depend on the animal species.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Innovative surgical approach for the Pierre Robin anomalad: subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth musculature.

The Pierre Robin anomalad presenting with severe respiratory distress is a difficult situation still associated with a significant mortality rate. A surgical approach based on a new idea is described. The concept is that the musculature of the floor of the mouth is under increased tension and pushes the tongue upward and backward with secondary respiratory obstruction. The surgical approach consists of a subperiosteal release of the musculature of the floor of the mouth through a 2-cm submental incision. So far this procedure has been used in four patients with severe obstruction, and marked improvement has occurred postoperatively in all cases. This surgical technique is simple and is associated with little morbidity. It should lessen the need for tracheostomy, which carries a greater morbidity, especially in newborns. We think that this new surgical approach can significantly improve the outcome of the severe form of Pierre Robin anomalad.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Hand-foot-mouth disease: its course in the city of Milan (1980-86). Epidemiologic study gathered from the records of the community and scholastic ambulatory services of the Istituto di Clinica Dermatologic I and Dermatologia Pediatrica of the University].

Hand-foot-mouth disease: the Authors describe the epidemiological observations in a period of seven years made in a big urban area of Milan. They point out the periodic course of hand-foot and mouth disease, which is present in particular during May and November and particularly in children under six years. The Authors point out the difference between males and females and they try to correlate their dates with those gathered from the study of the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The use of serum neutralizing antibody assay for the determination of the potency of foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in cattle.

The Permanent Commission of O.I.E. on foot and mouth disease has proposed a series of potency standards for foot and mouth disease vaccines. No totally in vitro assay has yet been developed to satisfy these requirements, and most Control Authorities require a potency assay to be carried out in cattle using challenge with virulent virus. There are various reasons why challenge tests should be replaced by serological tests, but a stumbling block to this is the requirement that the 50% protective antibody level (PA50) is valid only for a specific combination of vaccine virus seed lot with cattle virus seed lot in a laboratory. The results of challenge and antibody tests for 38 U.K. Control Authority vaccine batch tests were analysed to examine the correlation between potencies measured by the two methods. The correlation between the methods was high and the proportion of misclassification of batches was low. It is suggested that the results provide a good basis for future use of the serological method, but that it is still sometimes necessary to carry out challenge tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Malignant neoplasms of the lip, mouth, pharynx, nose, ear and larynx. A descriptive-epidemiologic study].

Between 1952 and 1986 the mortality from malignant tumours of the head and neck in the German Federal Republic shows a varying picture: a decline of cancer of the lip, equivocal rates for cancer of the nose and ear, increases for cancer of the tongue and of the larynx, a marked increase for cancer of the floor of the mouth and of the hypopharynx, a lesser increase for cancer of the tonsillar area and other parts of the mouth, but almost no increase for cancer of the salivary glands. The trends are similar for males and females, but the male:female ratio increased during the observation period. The increase of mortality begins in the middle age group. Based on the data of the cancer registry of the Saarland it can be estimated that on average the incidence is twice as high as mortality. In general the trend is similar both in incidence and mortality (but not the degree of the trend). Multiple malignancies of the head and neck are observed more often than expected and patients should be followed up carefully. Combined clinical-epidemiological studies are needed.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1986

Rotational panoramic radiography in epidemiological studies of dental health. Comparison between panoramic radiographs and intraoral full mouth surveys.

In conjunction with an epidemiological study of oral health in women the capacity of the panoramic radiograph to yield information on oral conditions was compared to that of the intraoral full mouth survey including posterior bitewing radiographs. Full mouth surveys and panoramic radiographs of 75 women were compared for gross characteristics such as distribution of teeth, missing teeth, restorations, and endodontic treatment as well as for osteolytic lesions at the root, marginal bone loss and carious lesions. A nearly 100% agreement was found for gross characteristics but also for osteolytic lesions associated with teeth and for marginal bone loss the agreement was good; osteolytic lesions at single rooted teeth 76%, multirooted teeth 90% and a coefficient of correlation of .96 for individual mean marginal bone scores. Poor agreement was found for carious lesions as only 36% of those extending well into the dentine were found both in the intraoral radiographs and in the panoramic radiographs. It may be included that, except for carious lesions, the panoramic radiographs can be considered a useful tool in epidemiological studies of oral health.

Adult↗