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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Life expectancy and causes of death in a population treated for serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional mortality linkage study describes the prevalence of specific fatal disease and injury conditions in an adult population with serious mental illness. The large sample of decedents and the use of multiple-cause-of-death data yield new clinical details relevant to those caring for persons with serious mental illness. METHODS: Age-adjusted frequency distributions and years of potential life lost were calculated by gender and causes of death for persons in the population of 43,274 adults served by the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health who died between 1989 and 1994. Means and frequencies of these variables were compared with those for persons in the general population of the state who did not receive departmental services and who died during the same period. RESULTS: A total of 1,890 adult decedents served by the department of mental health were identified by electronic linkage of patient and state vital records. They had a significantly higher frequency of deaths from accidental and intentional injuries, particularly poisoning by psychotropic medications. Deaths from cancer, diabetes, and circulatory disorders were significantly less frequently reported. On average, decedents who had been served by the department of mental health lost 8.8 more years of potential life than decedents in the general population-a mean of 14.1 years for men and 5.7 for women. The differential was consistent across most causes of death. CONCLUSIONS: Findings in this study are consistent with previous findings identifying excess mortality in a population with serious mental illness. The high rate of injury deaths, especially those due to psychotropic and other medications, should concern providers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Social rank, stress, fitness, and life expectancy in wild rabbits.

Wild rabbits of the two sexes have separate linear rank orders, which are established and maintained by intensive fights. The social rank of individuals strongly influence their fitness: males and females that gain a high social rank, at least at the outset of their second breeding season, have a much higher lifetime fitness than subordinate individuals. This is because of two separate factors: a much higher fecundity and annual reproductive success and a 50% longer reproductive life span. These results are in contrast to the view in evolutionary biology that current reproduction can be increased only at the expense of future survival and/or fecundity. These concepts entail higher physiological costs in high-ranking mammals, which is not supported by our data: In wild rabbits the physiological costs of social positions are caused predominantly by differential psychosocial stress responses that are much lower in high-ranking than in low-ranking individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiologic data on excess mortality and life expectancy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus--critical review.

Generalizations of prognosis with regard to insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in epidemiological statistics are impaired not only by great intraindividual variations, but also due to methodical difficulties. Due to recent prognostic studies IDDM, particular in young age, must be considered as a rather serious disease with a 5 to 10 fold higher excess mortality in comparison with the general population. There are only few exact data about the extent of life shortening. Age of onset represents the most significant factor in life shortening. The younger the patient is at the age of onset the shorter he lives. From about 70 years onward diabetes has little or no effect on longevity. Whether the prognosis of IDDM has improved within the last decades remains uncertain. Long-term studies clearly indicate that IDDM is compatible also with a long life in a good health. Why many diabetics develop life shortening complications and why some patients do not cannot be answered with conclusive evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Fertility and life expectancy of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) exposed to sublethal doses of permethrin.

The stinkbug Supputius cincticeps (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) can be found in agricultural and forest ecosystems feeding primarily on larvae of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, where it can be exposed to insecticide applications. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the reproductive potential of S. cincticeps after exposition to sublethal doses of permethrin (5.74 x 10(-3), 5.74 x 10(-2), 5.74 x 10(-1), 5.74 and 57.44 ppb) through the use of a fertility life table. The development cycle of this predator was determined in order to calculate its net reproductive rate (R0), the infinitesimal (rm) and finite (lambda) rates of increase in addition to mean generation time (T). The net reproductive (18.31), infinitesimal (rm) (0.050) and finite (lambda) (1.051) rates of increase were higher, while generation time (57.93 days) was shorter for S. cincticeps exposed to 5.74 x 10(-1) ppb of permethrin than in the control. This indicates a higher rate of population increase of this predator when exposed to this permethrin dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Health care and life expectancy.

The four pictures of the moon accompanying the review by Ursula B. Marvin of To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration by Don E. Wilhelms (9 July, p. 231) should have been in reverse order on the page.

Drug Industry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diabetes mellitus in advanced age. 6. On the life expectancy following diabetes manifestation (a 23-year mortality follow-up of diabetic patients in a regional district)].

Of all 166 diabetics of all age groups of a rural district detected 23 years ago, the further course of the disease could be followed in 147 patients up to their death and to the present time, respectively. After 8 years 64.6% were still living, after 16 years 29.9% and after 23 years 13.6% of these patients. The body weight at the manifestation of the disease was prognostically only low of relevance. The prognostic importance of the higher-degree adiposity seems to lie prevailingly in the earlier manifestation of diabetes, less in shortening the remaining life span. The trend of the weight development of the patients presently still alive moved towards reaching or keeping normal weight, independent of the initial body weight, while the contrary tendency in long-term diabetics is exceptional. Test admissions covered by a glycosuria screening and deceased meanwhile lived on average 1 year longer than spontaneous admissions, the same age of manifestation supposed. Only 13.4% of all deceased patients had reached the higher expectation of life of a normal population of the GDR of the same age on manifestation, which underlines the presently still unsatisfactory long-term prognosis of the diabetic patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Life expectancy of Ctenophthalmus wladimiri Is.-Gurv., 1948 (Siphonaptera, Ctenophthalmidae) under laboratory conditions].

Laboratory studies have shown that at 75% humidity fleas, Ct. wladimiri, are less viable than at 100% humidity. At 100% humidity at a temperature from 0 to 10 degrees and without feeding newly born imagos survived up to 363 days, at a higher temperature from 18 to 30 degrees-from 44 to 163 days. At a temperature from 7 to 10 degrees imagos, which fed one time, lived up to 355 days and at 0 to 2 degrees-up to 287 days. Maximum life duration (1133 days) for periodically feeding fleas was at 100% humidity at a temperature from 7 to 10 degrees. Under such conditions 50% of fleas survived up to 114 days. Hungry but previously "prepared" for winter fleas lived at a temperature from 0 to 2 degrees not more than 376 days.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Epilepsy in the elderly: life expectancy and causes of death.

All patients over the age of 60 who experienced seizures between 1979-83, were registered. The number of deaths was registered until July 2, 1985. Included were 162 patients who received no anti-epileptic drugs prior to the study period; 87 patients had established epilepsy at the time of admission. The number of deaths among previously untreated patients significantly exceeded expectation. Mortality was not significantly correlated to severity of epilepsy. In patients with brain tumor all but one died within the first year. Mortality among patients with postapoplectic seizures was significantly higher than expected being especially during the first year. Numbers of deaths among patients with seizures of unknown cause did not differ from the expected, neither did causes of death. Numbers of deaths in patients with established epilepsy at the time of admission was significantly higher than expected although none had malignant tumours and only 4 had postapoplectic seizures thus illustrating the influence of selecting patients with chronic active epilepsy. Eleven patients died suddenly and unexpectedly of unknown cause, which was more than expected. These patients were found dead under circumstances compatible with death occurring during seizure. Epilepsy was mentioned on the death certificate in only one case, indicating that the frequency of sudden, unexpected death among epileptics could easily be underestimated.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Rethinking the Hispanic paradox: death rates and life expectancy for US non-Hispanic White and Hispanic populations.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the "Hispanic paradox," whereby persons of Hispanic origin seemed to experience lower mortality than the non-Hispanic White population. This paradox coincided with a change from the classification of deaths and population by Spanish surname to the use of Hispanic-origin questions in the census and vital statistics. METHODS: To estimate US Hispanic and non-Hispanic White mortality, we applied a familiar relation between death rates for population subgroups to Hispanic and non-Hispanic White population death rates. We calculated age-specific death rates for the Hispanic population and the non-Hispanic White population and computed life tables for each. Result. For Texas between 1980 (surname) and 1990 (origin), the change in Hispanic deaths in persons aged 65 years or older was only half as great as the change in population size, implying a relative omission of 15% to 20% of deaths. By a different approach, the life tables for the US Hispanic and non-Hispanic White populations pointed to a similar omission. CONCLUSIONS: There is no "Hispanic paradox." The Hispanic paradox described in past research derives from inconsistencies in counts of Hispanic-origin deaths and populations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2007

Reduced life expectancy in rats after neonatal dexamethasone treatment.

The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) is widely used in preterm infants for the prevention of chronic lung disease. However, major concern has arisen about the long-term sequelae of this therapy. Here we report that neonatal treatment with dexamethasone significantly shortens the lifespan by 25% of male rats (28.6 +/- 1.1 to 21.3 +/- 0.8 mo) and by 18% of female rats (26.9 +/- 1.8 to 22.0 +/- 0.7 mo). Histopathological examination indicated end-stage cardiac and renal failure as the cause of premature death. Furthermore, Dex-treated rats showed symptoms of hypertension at young adult age, which worsened with increasing age. Thus, a brief period of glucocorticoid treatment during early life results in untimely death presumably due to cardiovascular and renal disease later in life. These serious, adverse long-term consequences call for prudence with glucocorticoid treatment of human preterm infants and careful follow-up of young adults with a history of neonatal glucocorticoid treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increasing life expectancy--effects on the care of the aged?].

This contribution represents data from two population projections which--in contrast to other studies and official documents--do not maintain mortality at a constant level, but shows some consequences of mortality trends until the year 2000.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Determination of the life expectancy of patients undergoing continuous endocardial stimulation].

Using an actuarial analysis, the authors studied the time of survival in 120 patients with continuous endocardiac electrostimulation. There were 37 lethal outcomes by the end of the fourth year of the follow-up, with 31 of these patients aging from 65 to 100 years. The study of the survival rate in different age groups showed that the highest survival rate was in the group below 55 years and the lowest in the group of patients aged 75 to 100 years. The study of survival in different age groups is important for the prognosis of the necessary amount of cardiostimulators with energy sources varying in relation to their operational life time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Changing sex differences in life expectancy in Australia between 1970 and 1990.

"In this study we decompose the gender based survival difference [in Australia] in 1970, 1980 and 1990 into components that can be attributed to different causes of death. Our analysis indicates that a significant component of the constriction in the differential was due to males having made larger gains than females over time with respect to heart disease, accidents and violence excluding suicide, and lung cancer.... We discuss [the] findings in the context of emerging epidemiological trends in the industrialized world, and the implications these have for the future of the sex differential in survival."

Australia↗
PubMed1999

Aging successfully until death in old age: opportunities for increasing active life expectancy.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of having no disability in the year prior to death in very old age and to examine factors associated with this outcome. Participants were men and women aged 65 years and older who were followed prospectively between 1981 and 1991 from three communities: New Haven, Connecticut; Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa; and East Boston, Massachusetts. Persons who died in late old age with known disability status within 15 months of death (n = 1,097) were studied for predictors of dying without disability at the last follow-up interview prior to death. The probability of a nondisabled 65-year-old man's surviving to age 80 and then being nondisabled prior to death was 26% and, for a 65-year-old woman, the probability of surviving to age 85 and being nondisabled before death was 18%. Physical activity was a key factor predicting nondisability before death. There was nearly a twofold increased likelihood of dying without disability among the most physically active group compared with sedentary adults (adjusted odds ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.24-2.79). These findings provide encouraging evidence that disability prior to death is not an inevitable part of a long life but may be prevented by moderate physical activity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Reduced life expectancy in 40 cases of early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes: a population-based study.

A survival analysis of 40 cases of early onset cerebellar ataxia (EOCA) with retained tendon reflexes was performed. They represent all cases of EOCA diagnosed between 1945 and 1990 among residents of a defined area of Northwestern Italy, followed up to December 31, 1990. The survival rates were respectively 92%, 87% and 77% at 10, 20 and 30-years, worse than expected in a disease which is usually considered benign. The relative death rate was 4 times higher than expected for the general population. Prognosis was significantly worse for males than for females, whereas the age of onset and the calendar year of onset did not affect survival.

Adolescent↗