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Results for “Lactose Intolerance”

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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Lactose maldigestion and recurrent abdominal pain in children.

Our objectives were to evaluate children with recurrent abdominal pain for lactose maldigestion and to assess factors which might predict lactose absorption status. One hundred thirty-seven children were referred for specialty evaluation of recurrent abdominal pain of at least three months' duration. Study subjects were evaluated by history and physical examination, dietary interviews, hematologic and biochemical laboratory testing, stool parasite examination, and radiologic or endoscopic structural examinations, as indicated. Lactose hydrogen breath testing was performed after challenge with 1 g/kg lactose 10% aqueous solution). There were 53 males and 84 females, whose ages ranged from 6 to 18 years (9.64 +/- 2.9; mean +/- SD) Lactose maldigestion was detected in 33/137 patients (24%). The prevalence of abdominal pain, bloating, gas, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation was similar in children with or without lactose maldigestion. The perception of symptoms related to the ingestion of dairy products was similar in both groups. No other clinical parameter predicted lactose maldigestion. However, children with lactose maldigestion had overall clinical improvement with a lactose-restricted diet. Clinical evaluation alone cannot adequately predict the presence of lactose maldigestion in children. Formal evaluation for lactose maldigestion using breath hydrogen testing methods should be considered in children with recurrent abdominal pain.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1983

The simple detection of neuraminic acid-containing urinary oligosaccharides in patients with glycoprotein storage diseases.

Urine samples from patients with different types of glycoprotein storage disease were chromatographed by gel filtration and the fractions analysed for sialic acid. Patients with mucolipidoses I and II excreted the largest amounts of bound sialic acid. One patient with GM1 gangliosidosis showed an abnormal level of sialyloligosaccharide excretion. Other patients showed normal results. With the present method mucolipidoses I and II, together with GM1 gangliosidosis, are readily distinguished from other possible oligosaccharidurias.

G(M1) Ganglioside↗
PubMed1994

The frequency distribution of lactose malabsorption among adult populations from the eastern and western Egyptian deserts.

The study consisted of 172 subjects belonging to ethnic groups from Sinai in the Eastern Desert and the New Valley in the Western Desert, with respective mean ages of 36.7 +/- 2.0 and 26.6 +/- 1.0 years. Lactose absorption was assessed by measurement of urinary galactose in pooled 2-hr urine samples following ingestion of an oral lactose dose of 40 g. Mean 2-hr excretion values after ingestion were 32.3 mg galactose in the Sinai and 7.7 mg in the New Valley. In the evaluation of lactose malabsorption, a diagnosis of lactose malabsorption is based upon a cutoff point of 0.075 mg/mg urinary galactose:creatinine ratio. The overall prevalence rate in those populations is 34.3%. The proportion of lactose malabsorbers was 11.1% in Sinai and 51.0% in the New Valley. Highly significant differences (chi 2 = 29.5, P < 0.0001) were found between the two ethnic groups with regard to the frequency distribution of lactose malabsorption. The existence of an east-west gradient of increasing frequencies of lactose malabsorption gene is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Nutrigenomics. Scientific basis, status and perspectives of application].

Nutrigenomics investigates the interaction between nutrition and the genome, thereby combining nutritional research with functional genomics. Its aims are (1) to correlate heterogeneous effects of nutrients with sequence variations in the genome and (2) to investigate the effects of nutrients and other food components on gene expression at a genome-wide scale (mRNA profiling), and on patterns of metabolite alterations in serum (metabolite profiling). The field will provide important information as to the biological effects of food components, and to the functional consequences of genetic variance. This information will improve the prevention of nutrition-related diseases, e. g. by establishing personalised nutritional recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adult-type hypolactasia and calcium availability: decreased calcium intake or impaired calcium absorption?

UNLABELLED: Adult-type hypolactasia, as mediated by a widespread genetic predisposition, not only reduces calcium intake but also calcium absorption in the presence of high amounts of lactose and may, therefore, promote osteoporosis. A lactose-reduced diet and lactose-free calcium supplements may reverse this imbalance. INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Adult-type hypolactasia (HL) defined by the LCT(-13910) polymorphism may reduce calcium intake by reducing dairy consumption and, therefore, promote osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether lactose also decreases intestinal calcium absorption in subjects with HL and whether lactose-reduced diet and lactose-free calcium supplementation as recommended could maintain bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Based on LCT genotyping, 73 postmenopausal women with and without HL underwent a conventional H(2) breath test with a concomitant oral strontium absorption test lasting 150 minutes, which closely reflects intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, we compared bone-specific laboratory parameters, lumbar and femoral BMD, and spinal radiographs to a similar bone assessment 5 years earlier. RESULTS: LCT genotyping and functional lactose malabsorption tests were highly correlated. Dairy product consumption was reduced by 80% in HL individuals. During concomitant lactose application, mean strontium absorption was blunted by 54% in HL subjects after 150 minutes (1272 +/- 629 microg/L vs. 2020 +/- 1130 microg/L in lactose tolerant subjects, p=0.001). Nevertheless, BMD in HL subjects remained stable with lactose-free calcium supplements during the observation period. CONCLUSION: Both decreased calcium intake as well as lactose-associated impaired calcium absorption may predispose subjects with HL to osteoporosis. Lactose-free calcium supplementation may help to maintain BMD in HL subjects.

Absorption↗
PubMed2004

Molecularly defined lactose malabsorption, peak bone mass and bone turnover rate in young finnish men.

Lactose malabsorption (LM; adult-type hypolactasia), an autosomal recessive condition, results from the down-regulation of the activity of lactase enzyme in the intestinal wall. In previous studies the effect of LM on bone mass, bone turnover rate, development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures has remained controversial. We have recently identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a C to T change residing 13910 base pairs upstream of the lactase (LCT) gene at chromosome 2q21-22, which shows complete association with lactase persistence, with the C/C-13910 genotype defining LM and the genotypes C/T-13910 and T/T-13910 lactase persistence. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship of the C/T-13910 polymorphism to peak bone mass, bone turnover rate, and stress fractures among young Finnish men. The study population comprised 234 young men, aged 18.3 to 20.6 years, 184 men were recruits of the Finnish Army, and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their military service for reasons not related to health. Bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), and scan area were measured in the lumbar spine and upper femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood was sampled for genotyping of the C/T-13910 polymorphism and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), type I procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PINP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b). Second-void urine samples were collected for the determination of type I collagen aminoterminal telopeptide (NTX). The prevalence of the C/C-13910-genotype of these young adults did not differ significantly from the corresponding population prevalence of C/C-13910 (17.1% vs 18.1%) among Finnish blood donors. Fifteen recruits of the army experienced a stress fracture; 3 of them (20%) had the C/C-13910-genotype. Calcium intake was similar for the three genotypes as were the unadjusted BMCs, scan areas, and BMDs at different measurement sites. The adjustments for age, height, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise in the multiple regression analysis did not reveal any significant relationships between the lactase genotypes and BMDs at lumbar (P = 0.16), femoral neck (P = 0.99) or total hip (P = 0.96) sites. Serum 25OHD, iPTH, and bone marker levels were similar for the C/C-13910 C/T-13910 and T/T-13910 genotypes. In summary, in young Finnish men, molecularly defined lactose malabsorption does not alter bone turnover rate and impair the acquisition of peak bone mass. Moreover, the C/C-13910 genotype does not seem to be a risk factor for stress fractures in army recruits.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

A novel polymorphism associated with lactose tolerance in Africa: multiple causes for lactase persistence?

Persistence or non-persistence of lactase expression into adult life is a polymorphic trait that has been attributed to a single nucleotide polymorphism (C-13910T) in an enhancer element 13.9 kb upstream of the lactase gene (LCT). The -13910*T allele occurs at very high frequency in northern Europeans as part of a very long haplotype (known as A), and promotes binding of the transcription factor Oct-1. However, -13910*T is at very low frequency in many African milk drinking pastoralist groups where lactase persistence phenotype has been reported at high frequency. We report here for the first time, a cohort study of lactose digester and non-digester Sudanese volunteers and show there is no association of -13910*T or the A haplotype with lactase persistence. We support this finding with new genotype/phenotype frequency comparisons in pastoralist groups of eastern African and Middle Eastern origin. Resequencing revealed three new SNPs in close proximity to -13910*T, two of which are within the Oct-1 binding site. The most frequent of these (-13915*G) is associated with lactose tolerance in the cohort study, providing evidence for a cis-acting effect. Despite its location, -13915*G abolishes, rather than enhances Oct-1 binding, indicating that this particular interaction is unlikely to be involved in lactase persistence. This study reveals the complexity of this phenotypic polymorphism and highlights the limitations of C-13910T as a diagnostic test for lactase persistence status, at least for people with non-European ancestry.

Adult↗