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PubMed1994

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates: why are there so many?

In the accompanying review article, Saudou and Hen provide a comprehensive review of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. The authors appropriately raise the question of "why are there so many 5-HT receptors"? They suggest briefly that receptor multiplicity allows 5-HT to have diverse effects in the nervous system. However, 5-HT receptor multiplicity exceeds that of other biogenic amine receptors so that other explanations might be added to their suggestion. Recently, it has been hypothesized that G protein-coupled 5-HT receptors have existed for more than 750 million years (Peroutka and Howell, 1994). Although a recent flurry of "new" 5-HT receptors have appeared in the literature, the "primordial" 5-HT receptor appears to have appeared prior to the evolution of muscarinic, dopaminergic and adrenergic receptor systems. Therefore, the fact that the primordial 5-HT receptor evolved prior to other G protein-coupled biogenic amine receptors may be the reason that so many 5-HT receptors exist today.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Detection of compounds immunologically related to arachidonic acid transformation products in extracts of invertebrates.

Organic extracts of Terpios zeteki, a sponge from the phylum Porifera, Aplysia californica and Helix aspersa, two species from the phylum Mollusca, and Arbacia, the sea urchin, from the phylum Echinodermata, contained compounds that appeared by radioimmunoassays to be HETE, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the non-enzymatic hydrolytic product of PGI2. However, lack of coincidence of their retention times on HPLC with authentic oxygenation products of arachidonic acid suggested that most of the immunologically active compounds were derivatives of arachidonic acid metabolites or products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids other than arachidonic acid.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗