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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Giardiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections in a Manitoba residential school for the mentally retarded.

A case of severely symptomatic giardiasis in a school for the mentally retarded prompted an epidemiologic survey of the institution. The rate of parasitic infection in the children were just under 50%. Multiple infections were common and one child harboured five different protozoa. The yield included known pathogens (Giardia lamblia, Metorchis conjunctus and Diphyllobothrium sp.), protozoa of potential pathogenicity (Dientamoeba fragilis) and other protozoa, the significance of which has yet to be determined. The prevalence of G. lamblia in the index ward was significantly higher than in a control ward matched for age and mobility of the children. The epidemiologic data suggested person-to-person transmission of G. lamblia within the institution. Recommendations for the control of protozoal intestinal infections in custodial institutions are presented.

Child↗
PubMed1988

[Capillaria brochieri n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariinae) intestinal parasite of the chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) in Zaire].

Capillaria brochieri n. sp. is described in a chimpanzee (Pan paniscus Schwartz, 1929) deceased from diarrhea. The male shows a unique structure of the caudal extremity: two flat paddles, with distal insertion, extend forward on each side of the ventral genital opening. The spicule (1,750 microns in length) shows a flattened anterior extremity and a tapered, curved posterior extremity. The cirrus is non-spiny and very long. Two narrow and very long lateral alae are present. The female bears a vulvar appendage. The egg shell shows an internal dense layer and an external layer of irregular width, showing pores and striations. The paper includes a study of the literature on Capillaria and Anatrichosoma from Primates and Man. C. brochieri is the first species of Capillaria described from the intestine of the chimpanzee. Because of the close analogies between chimpanzee's and man's helminthes, it is possible that C. brochieri has to be considered in human pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in filariasis endemic areas in Egypt.

Stool and blood specimens were collected from 230 individuals of both sexes at 2 villages (Qualyubia Governorate) where filariasis is endemic. The overall prevalence of parasites was 81%, while it was higher (92.4%) among filariasis patients than non infected individuals (50%). On the other hand, the level of microfilaria (MF) in the blood apparently showed an influence on the prevalence of parasitic infection in the infected individuals. However, in all groups, E. histolytica was the commonest protozoal parasite followed by G. lamblia. As regard helminthic infections, S. mansoni was the commonest followed by E. vermicularis. These data suggest that filariasis as an endemic disease may suppress the immune response of the host and under such circumstances, the susceptibility for other infections become higher.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Intestinal parasites of small mammals from Grand Teton National Park.

A study of the prevalence and identity of Giardia spp. in small mammals of Grand Teton National Park was undertaken. All 90 montane voles examined were positive for Giardia, as were 4 pocket gophers, 1 water shrew, 4 water voles, and 2 meadow voles. How and why these findings contrast with the findings of others are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Therapeutic possibilities in diseases caused by intestinal parasites].

Compatible and efficient drugs for the therapy, caused by protozoal- or helminthic-infections, are available today. Many of them are not registered in Austria. Metronidazole, Mebendazole and Praziquantel are particularly effective. Most protozoal-infections can be treated with metronidazole. Mebendazole can be used against numerous nematode-infections (Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Oxyuriasis, Ancylostomiasis), Niclosamide against cestode-infections (Taeniasis, Hymenolepiasis, Diphyllobothriasis), whereas, Praziquantel is applied against trematode-infections.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1978

Intestinal parasites of school children in urban and rural areas of Eastern Nigeria.

From October 1975 to March 1976 an epidemiological survey was carried out in Anambra and Imo states of Nigeria to determine the rate of intestinal worm and protozoan infections in school children. A total of 1742 children, out of which 813 from the urban and 929 from the rural school were screened of intestinal helminths and 1699 were also examined for intestinal protozoan infections. Concentration methods HCL-Ether centrifugation technique and Heidenhain's iron-hematoxylin staining method respectively were adopted for the identification of helminth eggs and protozoal cysts. 1405, i.e. 81% of the total number examined, eggs of one or more helminth species were detected. Carriage-rates of helminth infections were highest (87%) in children from the rural schools, in whom hookworm (90% of carriers) predominated. Besides high rates of hookworm, ascaris and trichuris infections, other parasites of public health importance (Schistosoma mansoni, Paragonimus uterobilateralis and Diphylobothrium latum) were detected. Significantly an increase in the rate of helminthic infections with age was noted in the survey. 55% of the 1699 children examined were carriers of cysts of one or more protozoa species. Higher carriage-rate (56%) of protozoan infections was noted in urban children. Comparatively lambliasis predominated in the urban children, while infection with E. histolytica was recorded slightly higher in rural children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Adherence and surface properties of Tritrichomonas mobilensis, an intestinal parasite of the squirrel monkey.

Adherence properties of the potentially enteropathogenic Tritrichomonas mobilensis were studied in vitro. Axenically cultivated trichomonads readily attached to isolated intestinal epithelial cells and mucus of the squirrel monkey. The kinetics and nature of T. mobilensis cytadherence were microscopically evaluated in cell-suspension assay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in microplate hemagglutination assay with human erythrocytes. Adherence of the parasites to target cells was concentration- and time-dependent; it was inhibited by sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic or N-glycolylneuraminic acid) and sialyllactose. Neither trypsinization of the flagellates nor their exposure to low temperature (4 degrees C) affected their cytadherence capacities. The data indicate the presence of adhesin(s) with lectin properties on T. mobilensis. Agglutination of live protozoa by animal and plant lectins with various carbohydrate-binding specificities as well as the occurrence of an electron-dense cell coat on plasma membrane suggest marked glycosylation of the parasite surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The application of a simulation model to control strategies in ovine gastro-intestinal parasitism.

A simulation model which describes the pattern of increase in Ostertagia circumcincta infective larvae on pasture grazed by ewes and lambs, was used to test the effect of anthelmintic treatment at different times in the grazing season. Treatment generally resulted in a delay in the rise to peak larval count, and marked differences were recorded in two successive years, which were related to a combination of time of treatment and weather conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in feral cats in some urban areas of England.

Of 92 feral cats necropsied from the London and Sheffield areas, 49 (53.3%) were infected with Toxocara cati, 32 (34.8%) with Dipylidium caninum, 11 (12.0%) with Taenia taeniaeformis and 1 (1.1%) with Toxascaris leonina. Isospora felis was seen in 3 (4.3%) of 69 samples of faeces. Twenty-two cats (23.9%) were simultaneously infected with 2 helminth species.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a new system for the fixation, concentration, and staining of intestinal parasites in fecal specimens, with critical observations on the trichrome stain.

Proto-fix (Alpha-Tec Systems, Inc., Vancouver, WA) is a new single vial, environmentally safe, parasitology (pathogenic and nonpathogenic protozoans and helminths) fixative and transport solution. It is used in conjunction with a new concentration/sedimentation reagent, CONSED, (Alpha-Tec Systems, Inc. Vancouver, WA) as a replacement to the formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) concentration procedure using Lugol's iodine. The newly adopted procedure was tested against the FEA concentration samples using split proficiency testing samples supplied by the American Association of Bioanalysts (AAB). Routinely, patient samples collected, fixed, and transported in Proto-Fix were processed and tested at Diagnostic Labs, Inc. (DLI), Phoenix, AZ. Detected parasites were documented using a video camera-printer system attached to the optical equipment. The quality of the fixative and stain were found to be superior to that of the FEA-Lugol's method and the yield of detected parasites was considerably higher. Eighty-five percent of 39 unknown parasite species tested were correctly detected using the Proto-fix-CONSED system compared to 46% using the FEA-Lugol's method. Of all the other methods and stains used at DLI, the trichrome stain (a popular modification of Gomori's trichrome stain for tissue sections) was found to be least reliable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of infection by intestinal parasites among school children in Santiago, Chile, 1988-1989].

In December 1988-February 1989 period, a survey on enteroparasitic infections in children (mean age 8.7 years; males 54.4% and females 45.6%) from five schools located in Santiago, Chile, was undertaken. To each of these individuals, three samples were obtained in order to perform in them the following examinations: co-proparasitological study, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining for detecting Cryptosporidium sp. and cellulose adhesive test for Enterobius vermicularis. Parasitic elements were found in the following percentages: Blastocystis hominis 51.8, Enterobius vermicularis 39.9, Giardia lamblia 32.1, Entamoeba histolytica 7.8, Hymenolepis nana 2.1 and Ascaris lumbricoides 0.4, Cryptosporidium sp. were not observed. The present study would be demonstrating that enteroparasites maintain their endemic condition among school children from Santiago, including B. hominis which had not been searched previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A study of the cost effectiveness of selective health interventions for the control of intestinal parasites in rural Bangladesh.

The study examined the cost effectiveness of 4 different regimens in reducing the prevalence and intensity of infection of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm over an 18-mo period in randomized community samples of children aged 2-8 yr living in rural Bangladesh. The household was the unit of randomization in each community. The 4 regimens were (1) only chemotherapy to all household members at the commencement of the study (i.e., at an interval of 18 mo), (2) same as group (1) and regular health education throughout the study period, (3) chemotherapy to all household members at the commencement of the study and subsequent chemotherapy to all children at intervals of 6 mo, and (4) same as group 3 with the addition of regular health education throughout the study period. Health education (through home and school visits and focus group discussions) was aimed at increasing awareness of worm transmission and the disabilities caused by intestinal helminths. Simple ways of improving personal hygiene and sanitation through hand washing, nail trimming, wearing of shoes, and use of a latrine and clean water supplies were encouraged. Because albendazole is a broad spectrum anthelmintic, the cost effectiveness of the 4 interventions were compared by the weighted percentage reduction in prevalence and the weighted percentage reduction in intensities of infection as measured by geometric mean egg loads of all 3 worms combined. The most cost-effective strategy was the single albendazole mass chemotherapy at an interval of 18 mo. The 2 regimens involving health education were the least cost effective.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2006

Stegodexamene anguillae (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), an intestinal parasite of eels (Anguilla spp.) in New Caledonia.

Adult trematodes of the genus Stegodexamene Macfarlane, 1951 were recorded from the intestines of two species of freshwater eels, the Pacific short-finned eel Anguilla obscura Günther and the speckled longfin eel Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner from the Pouembout and La Foa Rivers, New Caledonia, South Pacific. They were identified as Stegodexamene anguillae Macfarlane, 1951, a species previously reported only from eels in New Zealand. The morphology of adult S. anguillae seems to be practically identical with that of the later described Stegodexamene callista Watson 1984 from eels in Australia. The finding of S. anguillae in A. obscura and A. reinhardtii in New Caledonia represents new geographical and host records. In addition to this trematode, two larval specimens of a cestode of the order Proteocephalidea were found in the intestine of one A. obscura from the Pouembout River. No monogenean was found in eels of New Caledonia.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1986

Nitrogen transactions in the digestive tract of lambs exposed to the intestinal parasite, Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

1. Ten 5-month-old lambs (29 (SE 1.2) kg), reared parasite-free and prepared with rumen duodenal and ileal cannulas, were paired and given rations of Ruminant Diet AA6 (90 g/kg live weight0.75) by means of continuous feeders. From 6 months of age one of each pair was dosed daily with 2500 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae for 14 weeks. Untreated animals received the amount of ration consumed by their infected pair-mates the previous day. 2. During three periods, [1) the week before and the first 2 weeks of dosing with infected larvae, (2) during weeks 5-7 and (3) during weeks 11-13 of dosing) all lambs underwent a series of experiments to determine their nitrogen balance, the amounts of N leaving the small intestine, the amount of 51CrCl3-labelled plasma protein leaking into the small intestines, and the disappearance of 35S-labelled bacteria from the small intestine. 3. The infection caused varying degrees of feed refusal in all infected animals. As a result the values for N balance and for the flow of N at the ileum during the latter two periods were regressed against dry-matter intakes for each group in each period. 4. The infection caused a reduction (P less than 0.05) in N retention and increased (P less than 0.05) flow of N at the ileum. The increase in N flow at the ileum of infected lambs was greater (P less than 0.01) at weeks 11-13 of dosing (infected-control 3.6 g N/d (standard error of difference (SED) 0.57), P less than 0.01) than at weeks 5-7 of dosing (infected-control 1.5 g N/d (SED 0.57), P less than 0.05). 5. There were no between-treatment or between-period differences in the disappearance of 35S-labelled bacteria from the small intestines of infected or control lambs, but the infection did cause an increase in plasma N leakage during both periods. During weeks 5-7 and 11-13, plasma N leakage in infected lambs was 1.1 g N/d (P less than 0.01) and 1.7 g N/d (P = 0.056) respectively higher than that in the control lambs. 6. A proportion of the endogenous secretions which enter the small intestine is likely to be resorbed before the ileum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Infections with intestinal parasites in Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala.

To assess the role of parasites in causing diarrhea in Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala, 115 stool specimens from a case-control investigation (48 case [diarrhea] and 26 control episodes) were examined. A potentially pathogenic protozoan that could account for diarrheal illness was found for only 12% of the case episodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intestinal parasites of well-cared-for dogs: an area revisited.

A prior study (1970) of parasites in fecal samples of 846 dogs recovered from an area in the Edgewater and Rogers Park areas on the far North side of Chicago showed 13.7% of the fecal samples to be positive for one or more parasites. A pilot study of 200 fecal samples in the same area in 1979 revealed that 21.5% were positive. An additional 606 fecal samples were then observed for a total of 806 samples in 1979-1980. A prevalence of 23.4% was shown in the specimens collected in 1979. A study of 110 fecal samples from the Chicago dog pound revealed a prevalence of 71.8%.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal parasitic infections in Likupang, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

A parasitological survey was conducted on the inhabitants of 6 villages of Likupang, Minahasa Peninsula, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, in August 1991. A total of 419 fecal samples were examined by using direct smear, flotation, formalin ether concentration, Harada-Mori culture and agar-plate culture techniques. Five nematode and 7 protozoan parasites were detected, while trematode and cestode infection was not observed. Soil-transmitted nematode infections were predominant. Among the younger inhabitants aged less than 15, positive rates of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections were almost same, namely 45.7, 45.3 and 47.7%, respectively. Among the elder people aged 15 or more, positive rate of hookworm infection (89.4%) was much higher than Ascaris and Trichuris infections (19.3 and 26.1%, respectively). Village to village differences in parasite prevalence, probably due to socio-economic and sanitary-environmental differences were observed. Both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale were detected. The agar-plate culture was proved to be an efficient method for detection of hookworm as well as Strongyloides stercoralis.

Adolescent↗