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PubMed1989

Factors influencing the success rate of artificial insemination with frozen semen in the dog.

The conception rate and fecundity of 36 bitches artificially inseminated with frozen semen from various sources were investigated: 8 bitches were inseminated with semen frozen at the clinic, and 28 were inseminated with imported frozen semen. The mean progressive post-thaw motility of semen was 60%. Fourteen bitches were inseminated once only and 22 bitches were inseminated twice at 1-2-day intervals. An overall conception rate of 67% (24/36) was obtained with a mean litter size of 6.4. One insemination yielded a slightly lower conception rate than 2 inseminations (64 vs 69%). Among bitches which were inseminated twice, non-pregnant bitches had significantly lower mean plasma progesterone concentrations at the second insemination than did pregnant bitches, and this indicates that the second insemination was performed too early. Correct timing of inseminations is therefore essential to obtain pregnancy with frozen semen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Homologous artificial insemination (AIH) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) in Roman Catholicism and Halakhic Judaism.

While homologous artificial insemination (AIH) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) can be viewed as compatible with the teachings of Roman Catholicism and Halakhic Judaism, their permissibility is much more strongly rooted in the latter. Nevertheless, AIH and GIFT cannot be dismissed as unacceptable to Roman Catholics, provided the semen is licitly obtained.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1993

Usefulness of a simplified artificial insemination technique in the rabbit for teratology studies.

We describe usefulness of our simplified artificial insemination technique in rabbits for teratology studies. Our technique includes 1) semen collection from 2 or 3 bucks with a simple artificial vagina, 2) deposition of 0.5 microliters of the diluted semen mixture in the vagina with a glass pipette, and 3) injection of 25 U. of hCG through the auricular vein. Applying these techniques and procedures and keeping about 10 proven bucks would enable 2 operators to inseminate 10-15 does daily by only 1 hour work. This artificial insemination technique should be useful for rabbit teratology studies, especially for safety evaluation studies of toxicants, where a relatively large number of pregnant are needed to be prepared in a short period.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Artificial insemination of subtropical commercial beef cattle following synchronization with cloprostenol (ICI 80996): I. Fertility.

Two trials were conducted over a two-year period with 519 cycling Bos taurus x Bos indicus heifers and cows. The objectives of these trials were: 1) To compare fertility of artificial insemination at the cloprostenol-induced estrus and the naturally occurring estrus, 2) To evaluate the fertility of artificial insemination at a predetermined time (Timed AI) following an estrous synchronization regime with cloprostenol (CLP) and 3) To define the optimum interval from a second CLP treatment for Timed AI. In Trial I, 128 animals were assigned to four treatments: 1) Controls, which were inseminated at the natural occurring estrus; 2) timed AI at 72 hr and again at 96 hr post-second CLP; 3) Timed AI at 72 hr post-second CLP and 4) AI at the CLP-induced estrus. Trial II included 391 heifers distributed among six treatments; 1) Timed AI between 70 and 90 hr post-second CLP; 2) Sham AI between 70 and 90 hr post-second CLP, 3) Chute Stress between 70 and 90 hr post-second CLP; 4) AI at the CLP-induced estrus; 5) Control-AI at the naturally occurring estrus and 6) Non-treated and exposed to fertile bulls. The fertility of the animals artificially inseminated at the CLP-induced estrus was similar to that of insemination at the naturally occurring estrus in Trial I and Trial II (30 vs 46%; 37 vs 38%, respectively). The first service pregnancy rates of the animals bred at a predetermined time were similar to those bred at the CLP-induced estrus in Trial I, but lower in Trial II (P<.01).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Severe anaphylactic reaction to bovine serum albumin at the first attempt of artificial insemination.

A 33-year-old woman without history of previous atopic diseases or drug allergies developed a severe anaphylactic reaction with asthma, vomiting, itching, generalized urticaria, and angioedema during artificial insemination with her husband's sperm. The sperm-processing medium contained bovine serum albumin (BSA). Skin prick test and RAST demonstrated an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to BSA as well as a polyvalent atopic sensitization to pollens, animal danders, cow's milk, beef, pork, and mutton. SDS-PAGE studies indicated serum albumin to be the appropriate allergen with a high degree of cross-reactivity between serum albumin from different animal species. Artificial insemination with fluid containing potential allergens can, therefore, represent an unnecessary risk for atopic females, even in the absence of prior clinical symptoms of allergic diseases. Preoperative testing with the medium is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Reproductive physiology and artificial insemination studies in wild and captive gerenuk ( Litocranius walleri walleri ).

Gerenuk antelope in North American zoos are descended from 28 founders imported from Kenya approximately 20 years ago. Intensive management is required to prevent inbreeding depression. Artificial insemination has potential for augmenting genetic management, but successful application requires a thorough understanding of species' reproductive norms. Semen collected from captive (n = 10) and wild (n = 6) gerenuk contained low numbers of morphologically normal spermatozoa (approximately 40%). Age, but not season, influenced (P < 0.05) the proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa (mean +/- s.e.m., 12-17 months of age, 10.3 +/- 1.9%; 18-26 months of age, 34.4 +/- 6.2%; 3-6 years of age, 40.0 +/- 4.7%). Seasonality was investigated by analysing faecal testosterone and progesterone in males and females, respectively, by radioimmunoassays. Females cycled all year (ovarian cycle length, 18.7 +/- 0.9 days). Testosterone in males did not vary (P > 0.05) with time of year. Three females (3/9, 33%) became pregnant by insemination with 9.75-54.0 x 0(6) motile fresh or frozen sperm after oestrus synchronisation with two prostaglandin F(2alpha) injections, 12 days apart. One female inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm delivered a full-term stillborn calf after 213 days gestation. These results characterise gerenuk reproductive norms and indicate that artificial insemination may be a useful tool in the genetic management of gerenuk.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Henry IV of Castilla (1454-1474). An exceptional urologic patient. An endocrinopathy causing the uro-andrological problems of the Monarch. Artificial insemination attempts (IV)].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze, in accordance to contemporary and current chronicles and manuscripts, all known data about possible infertility or sterility suffered by Henry IV and attempts of artificial insemination undertook by his wife Juana of Portugal with the Monarch's semen due to his complete impotence. His possible infertility was unfairly used by his enemies to deny the right of succession to his daughter Juana, called "La Beltraneja", in a similar way than what has happened with his erectile dysfunction. In our work, we tried to demonstrate if Henry IV was or not able to conceive and paternity of his daughter Juana, based on our current knowledge and presumed endocrinopathies suffered by the Monarch in accordance to some medical writers. METHODS: We reviewed a total of 10 chronicles, 5 contemporary texts and manuscripts, and 25 books about the figure of Henry IV published before year 2000, analyzing medical works in detail, particularly those from Marañon, Eisenberg, and Suarez, who studied the facts referred to the presumed Monarch's infertility and his paternity trying to establish a relationship with current endocrinologic syndromes that cause infertility or sterility and with the chronological dates of conception and birth of Juana "La Beltraneja". RESULTS: As it has been said before, although the study may be falsified by document manipulation done by those chroniclers partisans of the Catholic Kings, retrospective analysis seems to show that if the Monarch suffered eunuchism (hypogonadism) or hypophyseal tumor he should have been sterile. In a similar way than Suarez, we don't dare to judge if the attempts of artificial insemination performed to his wife Juana were successful or not, so the historical controversy about "La Beltraneja" continues.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Effect of indole-3-acetic acid (plant auxin) on the preservation at 15 degrees C of boar semen for artificial insemination.

In order to extend the duration of boar sperm survival at 15 degrees C for artificial insemination, we tested the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which appeared to be the main sperm protective substance present in the Coco nucifera endosperm (coconut water). Two IAA concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) in Beltsville extender (BTS) were studied for their in vitro effects. The motility, the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the acrosome morphology of sperm were recorded each day over 13 days of storage at 15 degrees C, after 5 min and 3 h of incubation at 39 degrees C. The IAA effect on sperm preservation was also studied in vivo at a concentration of 10 ng/mL in BTS by inseminating groups of females twice at 24 h intervals either at D0 (day of sperm collection) and D1 (D0/1) or at D5 and D6 (D5/6). At D0/1, the two groups of females (control and IAA) were inseminated with a total of 6.3 x 10(9) spermatozoa (3.15 x 10(9) at D0 and the same dose at D1) whereas at D5/6, on IAA group was inseminated with a total of 6.3 x 10(9) spermatozoa and another one with 12.6 x 10(9) spermatozoa. The animals in the D5/6 control group were inseminated each with a total of 12.6 x 10(9) spermatozoa. For each group of females (n = 106-140), fertility rate (% farrowing) and prolificacy rate (litter size) were recorded. No effect of IAA in vitro on the motility rate and on the percentage of motile spermatozoa was observed over a 13 day storage. However, IAA (10 ng/mL) had a significant positive effect on the percentage of living spermatozoa with intact acrosomes after 13 days (66 vs 54%, P < 0.05). The fertility and prolificacy rates after 5-6 days of sperm preservation in BTS extender alone did not differ significantly between D5/6 and D0/1 but the total number of inseminated spermatozoa was 12.6 x 10(9) at D5/6 instead of 6.3 x 10(9) at D0/1. When the spermatozoa were stored in the presence of 10 ng/mL IAA for 5-6 days at 15 degrees C, the fertility and prolificacy of the females inseminated with only 6.3 x 10(9) spermatozoa were identical to those of the females inseminated with an equal number of spermatozoa at D0/1 in the presence or absence of IAA.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of the attitudes and emotional processes in couples undergoing artificial insemination by donor.

Osgood's Semantic Differential Questionnaire was used to study 40 couples undergoing an artificial insemination by donor (AID) programme. The following reference concepts were used: Father, Mother, Work, Marriage, Myself, Children, Pregnancy, Guilt, Sex and Family. The results show that women consider ¿being a Mother' as something emotionally ¿warm', take a positive position, feel ¿nervous' and wish the event happened quickly; this is significantly different to men, who give less importance to this fact. Men are more concerned about the pregnancy and consider it a ¿hard', ¿strong' and ¿heavy' experience. The score in the concept Guilt significantly stands out from the rest of the concepts in both men and women; it is also striking how AID women relate the concept Mother with the concept Father, whereas men establish the association between Mother and Work.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Effect of cloprostenol treatment at artificial insemination on sow fertility.

In two experiments, we examined the effect of administration of cloprostenol at artificial insemination on fertility of multiparous sows. Lactation length was 21 days and only sows exhibiting estrus by 7 days after weaning were included. Cloprostenol was administered by IM injection (175 microg; n=126) or supplemented in the semen dose (525 microg; n=129). Control sows (n=130) received no hormone. In either experiment, there was no effect of any treatment on subsequent litter sizes. In experiment 1, there was no effect of treatment on farrowing rate, but in experiment 2, farrowing rate was higher (p < 0.05) in sows receiving cloprostenol by injection. Taken together, these results indicate no consistent effect of cloprostenol administration by intramuscular injection or by inclusion in the semen dose on sow fertility and so its routine use is not warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Social conditions of children born after artificial insemination by donor.

Few objective data are available concerning the social conditions of children born after artificial insemination by donor (AID). We have studied 341 consecutive AID children born of 261 women during a 13-year period. Data from hospital archives were compared with information from the National Register of Norway. The parameters studied included age-relations of parents and offspring, sex- and age-relations between siblings as well as the divorce rate in AID families. Median maternal age at birth of the first AID child was 30 years. Forty-three percent of AID children were born in families that already had children or that later obtained an additional child; the majority of these siblings were conceived by AID. Mean age difference between the closest related AID siblings was three years. Six of the 261 AID families were split by divorce during the study period. The results only reflect such information as can currently be obtained with maintenance of the promise of secrecy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of two simulated semen culling programs on predicted fertility in an artificially inseminated cow population.

Two semen culling programs designed to improve fertility of semen used in an artificial insemination program were compared. First inseminations and return service data on cows inseminated with semen from 21 Holstein bulls during 1 yr were studied. The culling of less fertile ejaculates within bulls, based on any available semen quality test or combination of tests, would bring about less than a 1% increase in nonreturn rate if 40 to 50% of ejaculates were called. If all semen from the 19% low fertility bulls were culled, this would entail culling 22% of the semen used to inseminate the population and would achieve an improvement of 1% in overall fertility. This could be done with no loss in predicted difference for milk yield of bulls used. Culling of bulls is a functionally simpler and less expensive program than is testing and culling ejaculates within bulls, but this requires that fertility of bulls be known and that it will not change substantially from predicted.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of intrabursal transfer of spermatozoa, a new method for artificial insemination in mice, with intraoviductal transfer of spermatozoa.

PURPOSE: The objective of this paper was to compare the in vivo fertilizing abilities of fresh epididymal spermatozoa with a new method of artificial insemination in mice, so-called "intrabursal transfer of spermatozoa (ITS)," which requires transfer of spermatozoa into a space near the infundibulum between the ovary and ovarian bursa of superovulated females, and the previous method, so-called "intraoviductal transfer of spermatozoa (IOTS)," especially as regards sperm number and capacitation. METHODS: Spermatozoa freshly isolated from B6C3F1 males were injected into superovulated B6C3F1 females on E 0.4 (10:00 AM) by the IOTS or ITS method. Embryos at two-cell stage were collected from the females 1 day after injection and their morphology was scored. Some females were allowed to survive at midgestational stages and inspected for development of normal fetuses. RESULTS: When 1 microL of a sperm suspension containing uncapacitated 1 x 10(5) spermatozoa freshly isolated from B6C3F1 males was injected by the IOTS or ITS method, normal two-cell embryos were recovered from the females at rates ranging from 14 to 23% with each method. This rate was much lower than that (93% on average) for embryos obtained by natural mating. Neither injection of 1 x 10(3) or 1 x 10(4) spermatozoa nor induction of capacitation improved in vivo fertilization rate. In both cases, females given spermatozoa exogenously yielded midgestational fetuses (E 12.5-13.5) with average litter sizes between 2.5 and 2.8. CONCLUSION: ITS was comparable to IOTS with the conditions used. These two methods will be valuable for artificial insemination in mice for propagation of offspring from particular transgenic or mutant lines that are difficult to breed, although further attempts to improve in vivo fertilization ability are required.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Artificial insemination of individually caged broiler breeders. 1. Reproductive performance of males in relation to age and strain of females.

Studies were conducted to evaluate the reproductive capacity of male broiler breeders used for artificial insemination over an extended period and mated to females of six strains. Biweekly determinations were made of semen volume, semen concentration, and spermatozoal motility for each of the 47 males caged individually from their 39th to 63rd week of age. The percent fertility, duration of fertility, and percent hatchability were determined at five-week intervals (periods) using three young and three force-molted broiler female strains. With young female strains, the mean percent fertility for a 7-day collection of eggs following a single insemination (1 to 7 days) ranged from 95.7 to 81.1 over six consecutive periods. The mean duration of fertility (days) and the mean percent hatchability of fertile eggs was 13.3 and 13.0, and 92.5 and 84.9 respectively, for the first two periods. With force-molted hens, the mean percent fertility (1 to 7 days) ranged between 97.2 and 86.0 over the first three periods, and the mean duration of fertility and the mean percent hatchability was 13.2 and 12.8, and 91.5 and 84.1, respectively, for the first two periods. Fertility of eggs collected for 10 days following a single insemination was slightly but consistently lower than fertility over 7 days for both female groups. Significant differences among males and between periods existed for each semen trait. The effects of male, young female strain and period on fertility and duration of fertility were significant. Hatchability was significantly affected by period only. No male by female strain interaction existed for percent fertility or hatchability. A significant male by period interaction existed for percent fertility, semen volume and concentration. The results obtained are considered to support the feasibility of maintaining broiler breeders in cages and the use of artificial insemination (AI) to produce broiler hatching eggs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

[Infectious endocarditis following artificial insemination. A clinical case report and review of the literature].

We describe a case of infective endocarditis in a 33 year old patient, with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), who underwent nine attempts of artificial insemination with semen by donor. Several blood cultures demonstrated the presence of Enterococcus faecalis; the same agent was identified in some vaginal cultures. Despite antibiotic therapy, infective endocarditis was complicated by severe mitral regurgitation, followed by the rupture of a chorda tendinea. The patient underwent cardiac surgery: valvuloplasty of posterior mitral cusp, chordae tendineae in Goretex and anulus reinforcement with autologous pericardium. MVP is the most common heart disease associated with infective endocarditis in non-drug addict patients (32-54%). The review of the literature did not show any other case of infective endocarditis after artificial insemination procedures. Because of the large spread of these procedures, we think antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis should be considered in patients with MVP.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Use of spermatozoa for artificial insemination. I. Fertilizing capacity of fresh and frozen spermatozoa in sows on 36 farms.

A field trial was conducted on 36 farms in the Netherlands to compare the fertilizing capacity of fresh and frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Four-hundred and fifty-one sows were artificially inseminated with semen than that had been frozen and thawed according to the Beltsville Method or diluted in Kiev extender and inseminated on the day of collection. Twelve boars of the Dutch Landrace and Dutch Large White breeds were used. Farrowing rates, total number of pigs per litter and number of live pigs per litter were higher (P less than .0001) for sows inseminated with fresh semen than for sows inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (79.1%, 10.6 and 9.9 vs 47.0%, 7.4 and 7.1, respectively). Farrowing rates for sows inseminated with frozen-thawed semen were higher when semen from Dutch Large White boars was used than when semen from Dutch Landrace boars was used (58.6 vs 40.9%); the pattern reversed for insemination with fresh semen (76.5 vs 81%). Boar differences based on farrowing rate ranged from 62 to 92% for fresh semen and from 29 to 72% from frozen semen. There was no inseminator effect or farm effect on farrowing rate. On the basis of these results, frozen semen used for artificial insemination under practical circumstances can be expected to result in a farrowing rate about 30 percentage points lower and a litter size about three pigs smaller than does fresh semen.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Estrus and ovulation synchronization in Merino meat sheep. 2. Fertility outcome after estrus and ovulation synchronization with Cloprostenol "Jenapharm" and Gonovet "Berlin-Chemie" and term-oriented artificial insemination].

49 of 102 sheep of one production herd, which had returned to oestrus once or twice within the 1985 breeding season, were treated twice in a nine-day interval with the PGF2 alpha analogue Cloprostenol "Jenapharm". 53 animals received an additional dose of 10 micrograms of Gonavet "Berlin-Chemie". A lambing rate of merely 15% was achieved by subsequent term-oriented artificial insemination. 31 sheep still in oestrus one day after term-oriented artificial insemination were served, bringing the lambing rate from synchronisation of oestrus and ovulation to 26% and the lambing result to 154%. Serving of the remaining sheep in 2 subsequent oestric cycles, on balance, yielded lambing rates and results of the remaining sheep in 2 subsequent oestric cycles, on balance, yielded lambing rates and results which were higher with significance than those recorded from untreated sheep in the same herd.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia).

Ovaries of the seasonally-breeding snow leopard (Uncia uncia) were examined to determine whether they were responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. The potential of laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) also was assessed for producing offspring. During the non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons, females (n = 20) were treated with a standardized, dual-hormone regimen given intramuscularly (600 I.U. of equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed 80-84 h later with 300 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)). Laparoscopy was performed 45-50 h after administration of hCG, and all ovarian structures were described. Females with fresh corpora lutea (CL) were inseminated, and anovulatory females were subjected to follicular aspiration to examine oocyte quality. Snow leopards responded to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. Mean number of total ovarian structures (distinct follicles mature in appearance plus CL) did not differ (P > or = 0.05) with season, but the proportion of CL: total ovarian structures was greater (P < 0.01) for the breeding season compared with all other seasons. The proportion of females ovulating was greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding and post-breeding seasons than during the pre-breeding and non-breeding seasons respectively. No Grade-1 quality oocytes were recovered from follicles of anovulatory females. Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta appeared elevated in all females, and neither oestradiol-17 beta concentrations nor progesterone concentrations differed (P > or = 0.05) among seasons. Of 15 females artificially inseminated, the only one that was inseminated in the non-breeding season became pregnant and delivered a single cub. This is the first successful pregnancy resulting from AI in this endangered species.

Animals↗