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PubMed1990

[Psychosocial and emotional situation in the care of severely mentally handicapped children and adolescents].

This paper deals with some aspects of the work on establishing relationships with the parents and relatives of severely mentally handicapped children and adolescents. Some of the emotional strains, frustrations and tensions experienced by the care-"experts" are discussed. On the basis of many years of personal experience and with reference to the contemporary literature, it is evident that consistency with oneself, openness and realism are the necessary conditions for establishing an effective, constructive interaction between the rehabilitation team and the parents. For this purpose it is necessary to set aside unilateral expectations in relation to the "experts" with the resulting neurotic false attitudes on both sides. In this way it is also possible effectively to avoid the phenomenon of the being "burned out" and an inappropriate "helper syndrome" among the mental health workers. Such phenomena obstacles to the optimum rehabilitation of the mentally handicapped and to effective work with the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-injurious behaviour in people with a mental handicap.

The population of a hospital for people with a mental handicap was surveyed and numerous variables analysed with regard to people displaying self-injurious behaviour (SIB). It is suggested that age, level of mental handicap, activities in which the person is engaged, and having no expressive language each has a significant influence on the frequency of self-injurious behaviour. Nearly three-quarters of the survey population were without expressive language and a majority self-injured more than once a day. Treatment methods employed were also included in the survey.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Disability and handicap in late poliomyelitis.

The impact of long-standing polio sequelae in terms of disability and handicap was studied in 41 patients (17 men and 24 women, mean age 54 years). Twenty-nine (71%) of these met the criteria for post-polio syndrome. The Katz' ADL index, the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), selected questions concerning social needs and support and the WHO ICIDH-Classification of handicaps were used. A substantial impact on intermediate (secondary or instrumental) ADL was a consistent finding, most severely affecting the quality of mobility. This emphasizes needs for individual rehabilitation services including transportation, walking and domestic aids.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

High technology for handicapped children: a pediatrician's viewpoint.

Children with various types of disabilities are beginning to benefit from the extensive developments in the field of electronic and microcomputer technology that have occurred in recent years. There exists now many devices that can assist children with physical or communication handicaps, learning difficulties, or sensory impairments. Reviews of the literature were made in order to present some of the devices that are currently available and to introduce the concepts that they exemplify. With all of these devices, but especially for those designed to aid physically or communicatively handicapped children, careful planning and evaluation is needed. Steps in the processes of evaluation and selection of devices are outlined and discussed. Proper training and monitoring the use of these devices are other aspects that are addressed. Several issues dealing with the funding of these devices and how these devices can be used in innovative research, are also presented.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1989

Feelings of depression and parenting competence of mothers of handicapped and nonhandicapped infants: a longitudinal study.

Relations of maternal depression and feelings of parenting competence with measures of child characteristics and mother's social support system were examined across time. Full assessments were made of mothers of handicapped infants at infant ages 11, 15, 19, and 27 months and mothers of nonhandicapped infants at infant ages 6, 11, 15, 19, and 27 months. Although the two groups of infants differed significantly in level of functioning and difficulty of caregiving, the two groups of mothers did not differ on the measures of maternal depression and feelings of parenting competence. In the handicapped group, caregiving difficulty predicted maternal depression, and the quality of family relations predicted the mothers' feelings of parenting competence. In the nonhandicapped group, both feelings of depression and of parenting competence were predicted by child irritability and the quality of family relations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Siblings of children with severe handicaps.

Interviews with 24 children ages 9 to 13 about life with their younger siblings who had severe handicaps revealed a consistently high level of involvement, strong feelings of responsibility, and an emphasis on positive aspects of family life. Hardships were not denied, but these children appeared to be faring better than children studied in earlier research, before schooling for children with handicaps and other supports for their families were mandated.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Handicapping and genetic disorders in Zimbabwean institutions: a diagnostic survey.

A diagnostic survey was undertaken in twelve Zimbabwean institutions for deaf, crippled and mentally handicapped individuals. A total of 1396 persons were evaluated of whom 885 were deaf, 356 physically disabled and 155 were mentally retarded. Acquired causes formed the largest aetiological group throughout the survey, but a high frequency of inherited crippling disorders was encountered (125 individuals). Down Syndrome accounted for almost one third of children with mental handicap. Undifferentiated autosomal recessive deafness was found in 87 persons, most of whom were from the Shona people.

Deafness↗
PubMed1989

Stress and coping among parents of handicapped children: a multidimensional approach.

The relations of child characteristics, family social network, parent belief systems, and coping styles to parent outcome were examined with parents of 48 young handicapped children. Child characteristics predicted mothers' and fathers' parenting stress and fathers' psychological distress. Parental belief systems predicted all three parent outcomes for mothers and fathers. Coping styles predicted psychological distress and fathers' family adjustment. Social network predicted family adjustment and fathers' psychological distress. Psychological distress was low in mothers who had either a positive belief system or a noncritical family network. Findings support the value of a multidimensional examination of family characteristics that mediate the impact of a child's handicap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Uses of the HOME inventory for families with handicapped children.

The use of the HOME Inventory with families of children with handicaps was described. Normative and psychometric information for the Infant-Toddler, Early Childhood, and Middle Childhood versions of the Inventory was provided for groups of children with diverse handicaps and groups of children with mental retardation. Moderate correlations were observed between HOME and family social status measures, minimal between HOME and life stress measures, and low to moderate between HOME and social support measures. Low to moderate correlations were observed between HOME and child competence measures.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiology and treatment need for caries and periodontal disease in handicapped children and youth].

Epidemiological studies in a group of handicapped subjects from the area of Lower Frankonia revealed a surprisingly good oral health. The WHO objective for caries control (DMF-T in 3 to 12 years olds) for the year 2000 has already been reached. In spite of low average values the individual values demonstrated a marked polarisation (30% of subjects of one birth year had approx. 70% of caries, missing, or filled tooth surfaces). The degree of treatment is clearly above that of the normal population. By comparison data are also favorable for the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis. Nevertheless one forth of the 10 to 13 year olds and half of those older than 14 will not only need an improvement of their oral hygiene but also scaling to treat their periodontal disease. Subjects with multiple handicaps are affected more strongly and need additional intensive preventive care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Behavior of mothers during dental treatment for their handicapped children. 1. Relationship between the mothers' behavior and the image to dental environment and self-consciousness].

The purpose of this study was to find out factors by which mothers of handicapped children chose whether to be with their children while receiving dental treatment or not. The questionnaires from mothers of 42 handicapped children were examined. Factors on the part of the mothers such as their views on the dental environment, their egogram, and the reasons of the mothers' behavior were surveyed. The results of this study were summarised as follows: 1. Both the group of the mothers with their children in the operating room and the group of the mothers not with their children had views of slightly good for a dentist, her child, and a dental operating room. These views were examined by the Semantic Differential Method. 2. Both types of mothers had views of slightly bad for dental treatment. 3. The group of mothers not with their children tended to have a good view of her child and a dental operating room, when compared with the group of mothers with their children. 4. From the analyses of the egogram of the Tokyo university' test, an AC (Adapted Child) was drawed as the factor, in relation to mothers' behavior. 5. The reasons why the mothers chose to be with their children were as follows: the children would have no anxiety, the mothers were apprehensive for their children, the children were not able to speak, and so forth. 6. The reasons why the mothers chose to stay in waiting room were as follows: there will be no reliance on the mothers and child will not be become spoiled, and they should do everything by themselves, children can manage to be treated alone, and so forth.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prevalence of handicapped individuals in a rural community].

A specially designed questionnaire was used to detect handicapped individuals in a rural community. The type and magnitude of incapacity was evaluated by a physician. Overall prevalence was 4.2% with a peak incidence in the 45 to 64 year age group (111.1 per 1000). Leading causes of incapacity were bone and muscle disorders and nervous or sensory problems. Chronic back pain was the leading individual problem. 66.7% of handicapped individuals require assistance for their everyday life activities and 47.2% are unable to engage in any productive job.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A paradox: deaf-muteness, a minor oral handicap].

Deaf-muteness is a major handicap in the Occident because it brings on many disorders in the child's nerve plexus. On the contrary, in the societies with oral tradition, it seems that this handicap has no effect as far as attainments and functionings in the period of neurobiological and neurophysiological maturation are concerned. Current research suggests that orality circles produce very rich stimuli which develop perceptions and sensory abilities, in correlation with highly diversified abilities of the central nervous system. Moreover oral tradition develop a sign language within the comprehension of the child. Sensorial stimuli and sign language compensate for or remove the effects of deaf-muteness during the neurological maturation and secure a normal harmonious development.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

Communicative interaction between teachers and children with severe handicaps.

The content and structure of teacher input language to children with severe handicaps during early stages of language development were examined. Teacher-child dyads (N = 21) were videotaped during interactions in a semi-structured play setting. Each child was ranked as to level of communicative abilities on a scale of early communicative behaviors. Results showed that teachers adjusted the complexity of their linguistic requests based on the child's level of communication and modulated their requests based on children's responses from one moment to the next. The structure of the teacher's utterances was not as closely attuned to the communicative levels of the children. Issues and problems relating to adults' linguistic interaction with children with handicaps were discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[A verbal form of the Columbus Test for visually handicapped patients].

Descriptions of each test-panel were read individually to 50 visually handicapped children and their results compared with those of 20 normally sighted. This new method is open for improvement but has already proved to be a useful addition to general clinical examination. In addition to an exemplary description of test-panels number 5 and 15, the projective effect of the visual handicap is shown in the individual topics.

Blindness↗
PubMed1977

Aetiological survey of visually handicapped children in Northern Ireland.

A survey of visually h,ndicapped children in Northern Ireland identified 486 subjects aged 0 to 20 years on January 1, 1976, with a corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or less in the better eye. The prevalence of visual handicap was 81/100,000 of the population with an estimated ascertainment rate of 80%. Genetically determined diseases accounted for 51% of the cases. Birth hypoxia secondary to prenatal and perinatal complications was the second most important aetiological factor contributing towards visual handicap.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Concentric personality structures in the intellectually handicapped].

In the present experimental study the author estimates that within the general structures of the personality of intellectually handicapped there are some fundamental ones around them, which give the direction of the development of harmonious or disharmonious personality, all the other characteristics that are obviously manifest in the handicapped patients' behaviour are polarized.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1987

Effect of a new H2-blocker, famotidine, in reflux esophagitis among severely handicapped children.

Vomiting, hematemesis, and esophagitis resulting from gastroesophageal reflux or hiatal hernia are frequently observed in severely handicapped children. This study was conducted to determine whether the use of a new H2-antagonist, famotidine, could prevent recurrence of reflux esophagitis among such children. Seventeen severely handicapped, bedridden children admitted to a children's medical center between April 1985 and September 1986 were studied. All had vomiting or hematemesis as a main symptom, and the cause of esophagitis was suggested to be gastroesophageal reflux in 13 cases and hiatal hernia in four. Six had been previously treated with cimetidine or other drugs or a combination thereof without relief. Famotidine was administered at about 1 to 2 mg/kg/day, two times daily to patients weighing more than 10 kg and three times daily to those weighing less than 10 kg. In 13 cases, famotidine was administered intravenously for between seven and ten days and then given orally, while the rest were given the drug orally from the outset. The following results were obtained: (1) improvement was seen within seven days after start of famotidine treatment, and reduction of vomiting or hematemesis or both was reached within two weeks in 70% of cases and within three weeks in 94%; (2) famotidine was markedly effective in 29% and moderately effective in 41%; in no case was the drug ineffective; (3) no side effects were observed; five patients had transient, mild elevation of SGOT . SGPT, but this was not attributable to the drug.

Adolescent↗