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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Using middle upper arm circumference to assess severe adult malnutrition during famine.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the use of middle upper arm circumference measurement (MUAC [cm]) and body mass index measurement (BMI [kg/m2]) in the screening of severely malnourished adults during famine. DESIGN: Nonrandomized cohort study, correlating measurements of MUAC and BMI. SETTING: The Concern Worldwide adult feeding center in the village of Ayod in south Sudan. The area has experienced several years of war, leading to severe famine during early 1993. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 98 adult inpatients belonging to the Nuer tribe. Criteria for entry into the study were prior admission to the feeding center and the ability to stand and have a BMI measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A comparison of the ease of use of MUAC and BMI assessments, and a correlation of MUAC and BMI measurements. RESULTS: An MUAC measurement was easier to perform on severely malnourished adults than BMI assessment. For MUAC, the patient could be standing, sitting, or, in extreme cases, lying. For BMI, patients were required to stand. Measuring BMI requires a height board, weighing scales, and mathematical calculations; to measure MUAC, only a tape measure is required. A correlation between measurements of MUAC and BMI was demonstrated (r=0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.92 P<.001). The proportions of the population and the actual individuals identified as malnourished by the 2 indicators were similar. CONCLUSIONS: The MUAC measurement reflects adult nutritional status as defined by BMI. During famine, MUAC may be better suited to screening admissions to adult feeding centers than BMI. Studies to assess the capacity of MUAC cutoffs to predict mortality in severe adult malnutrition are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of topical application of 13-cis retinoic acid on skin of hairless rats and hairless mice.

The potential effectiveness of topical 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) as a sebosuppressive agent was evaluated in hairless ("fuzzy") rats and hairless mice. At nontoxic dosages (i.e., concentrations which induced no weight loss), topical 13-cis RA had no detectable sebosuppressive effects in either of these species. In hairless rats, the topical application of 0.2% 13-cis RA induced more severe symptoms of toxicity than was induced by the administration of equivalent amounts of the drug by either oral or subcutaneous routes. Due to variability in species sensitivity to 13-cis RA, the potential effectiveness of the topical use of this retinoid can probably only be evaluated in human volunteers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Hypothalamic polar spongioblastoma associated with the diencephalic syndrome. Ultrastructural demonstration of a neuro-endocrine organization.

A tumor was resected from the third ventricle of a four years and eleven month old girl with the diencephalic syndrome. By light microscopy, it was diagnosed as a polar spongioblastoma . Its ultrastructural study was undertaken and the features were found to be distinctive and previously unreported. The organization of the neoplasm was similar to that of the hypothalamic neuro-endocrine systems: Cellular perivascular arrangement with intra-cytoplasmic microtubules and membrane bound dense-core granules.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1994

Improved body weight status as a result of nutrition intervention in adult, HIV-positive outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is an important consequence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); involuntary weight loss greater than 10% is one criterion that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses for the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study was designed to determine whether nutrition intervention in a group of adult, HIV-positive outpatients affected weight maintenance. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of 175 patient charts from the AIDS Reproductive Health Clinic and the Center for Special Studies at The New York Hospital. Forty-nine charts were excluded because the patient expressed a desire to reduce weight, discontinued medical care, or died. Seven charts were eliminated because of missing data. In the remaining patients (n = 119), weights were recorded for the initial clinic contact and for a follow-up visit at least 6 months later. Nutrition intervention completed by a registered dietitian was indicated on 42 patient charts (intervention group); intervention included dietary assessment, intake analysis, appropriate counselling, follow-up, and provision of supplements as needed. The remaining 77 charts did not indicate nutrition intervention; this group was called the nonintervention group. Differences between the intervention and nonintervention groups were analyzed using the two-tailed Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. RESULTS: Forty-two subjects (35% of the total) recieved nutrition intervention, including all of those with gastrointestinal problems (n = 10) and wasting (n = 11). Individuals in the intervention group gained a significant (P < .02) 1.2 +/- 11.4 lb (mean +/- standard deviation; median = +3 lb) compared with those in the nonintervention group who lost a mean of 3.5 +/- 12.8 lb (median = -4 lb). Twenty-six subjects (63%) in the intervention group maintained or gained weight compared with 32 subjects (42%), in the nonintervention group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that nutrition intervention in HIV-infected persons can improve nutritional status and may lead to an enhanced ability to fight infection.

Adult↗