[FAO's long-term world plan for agricultural development].
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Although aging of the population is evident and increased use of health services by the elderly is well-documented, the knowledge base of acute-care nurses in gerontologic nursing may be insufficient. Nursing staff development educators are in a strategic position to respond to this deficit. The approach used by an 800-bed Veterans Administration Hospital to determine the gerontologic learning needs of its nursing staff and a plan to meet these needs is reported. Recommendations for other organizations that plan to provide staff development in gerontologic nursing are offered.
We developed a computer model which measures the impact of disease on a population, has the ability to track changes in disease incidence over time, and incorporates costs of disease prevention and treatment. This model was developed with data for Malaysia and used by the Ministry of Health in the development of their national health plan. The model uses the DHLL (DALY) measure which incorporates morbidity and mortality impacts of disease. The ability of the model to adjust for changes in disease incidence over a period of years allows health planners to accurately reflect demographic and development related changes in disease incidence. This model is of value to health planners because in incorporates information on population health status, costs of prevention and treatment, and changes in health status over time. It produces an evaluation of the cost effectiveness of possible interventions that can be used by health planners in making decisions on resource allocation.
The Or Yehuda Intervention Program was developed in accordance with a planning cycle that includes a situation analysis, formulation of objectives, selection of strategies, development of an operational plan, implementation and evaluation, which lead, in turn, to a new situation analysis. The primary aims of the program are to reduce the infant mortality rate in Or Yehuda to the level prevailing in the rest of the area and to promote continuity of care and proper medical management during pregnancy, delivery and the first year of life. Problems in implementation, especially those related to coordination and integration of the several medical facilities involved, the information tools developed, and preliminary results are presented.
During the next 20 years, much of the developing world will undergo significant demographic changes, such as population growth and urbanization. The effects of these changes can already be seen in many areas of Latin America, East Asia, and especially Africa. This article suggests how to redesign population studies to provide planners with a framework for understanding the complex interrelationships between demographic factors and development. The commentary which follows provides an example of how the author and her colleagues are implementing such a program at the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
A BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) treatment planning system (BTPS) was developed for BNCT study and treatment planning. Three kinds of CT images, VHP, PINNACLE and DICOM images, were employed to make voxel phantoms for BNCT patient treatment using the BTPS. The thermal neutron, fast neutron, gamma and boron doses are calculated and background, tissue, and tumour doses for idealised standard reactor neutron field (ISRNF) neutron beam were calculated by using BTPS and MCNP code. It was noted that the total computing times needed for BNCT analysis could be greatly reduced since the BTPS system provides a dose analysis tool and a lengthy MCNP input in a short time. It is, thus, expected that the BTPS can significantly contribute the BNCT study for the treatment of patients.
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This article describes the first six months of the strategic planning process to develop a culturally appropriate community health and family planning program for a traditional community in a district of northern Ghana, served by the Navrongo Health Research Centre. To explain the context within which fertility decisions are made, this article describes the district's severe ecological, social, economic, and health constraints to family planning. It discusses related programmatic obstacles and presents the strategies developed to respond to them. A system of care has been developed that is closely coordinated with traditional leaders and communication networks. Management systems support outreach workers by emphasizing the importance of peer leadership, supervisory support, and community liaison in the implementation of village-based services. A large-scale experiment will be fielded to test the demographic impact of this approach.
Sleep disorders are prevalent although they go unrecognized by clinicians, partially because of limited exposure to sleep medicine topics during medical school. Sleep topics can be integrated during both the preclinical and clinical years of the medical school curriculum by developing an integration strategy and action plan. Components of the action plan include examining the current medical school curriculum and the teaching infrastructure. Understanding curricular governance issues and how curriculum time is allocated will allow development of an effective integrative strategy. Sleep topics can be integrated into neuroscience, neuroanatomy, physiology, and behavioral science courses during the preclinical years. The sleep history and physical can be integrated into the physical diagnosis course. Sleep disorders can be introduced in clinical correlation courses. Integration strategies during the clinical years may include computer-based simulations. Careful assessment of the existing curriculum, curricular governance processes, and available educational resources will optimize the probability of successfully integrating sleep topics into the medical school curriculum.
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