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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

High resolution electron microscopic study on the human dentine crystal.

The direct atomic images in single dentine crystals were investigated using high resolution electron microscope. High resolution electron microscopy clarified the unit cell (each side: 0.94 nm) and 6 columnar calcium (Ca) atoms. This (001) plane image of a dentine crystal was similar to enamel hydroxyapatite. The sublattice image of the (011) plane in a dentine crystal has revealed that lattice fringes consist of a linkage of atoms. Furthermore, the present observation made clear that a different focus and a specimen thickness affect sublattice images. These findings suggest that the character of a single crystal plane can be determined contrasting analytical data by X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction with atomic images in high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Calcium↗
PubMed1993

[Dyslipemia and HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug addicts].

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemia and hypocholesterolemia are frequent signs in homosexual patients with AIDS. Lipid abnormalities of the intravenous drug addict (IVDA) however, and its relation with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have not been sufficiently studied. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-five consecutive patients attended for infectious complications or for carrying out detoxication treatment were studied. Demographic (age, sex), anthropometric (weight, height), use of intravenous drugs (principal drug used, time of addiction) and analytic data (HIV-1 antibodies, total lymphocytes, CD4+ lymphocytes, serum albumin, total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and transferrinemia) were collected. RESULTS: The age of the patients was found to be between 15-44 years of age. Ninety-five percent were heroin addicts with a time of addiction greater than 4 years. Those who were HIV-1 positive had been drug users for a longer period of time (p < 0.01), had less weight (p < 0.01), lower albuminemia (p < 0.05) and cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), as well as a lower number of CD4+ lymphocytes (p < 0.01). No differences were observed with regard to age, transferrinemia and plasma triglyceride concentration. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (> 1.97 mmol/l; 175 mg/dl) was of 18% for the IVDA with HIV-1 infection and 23% for seronegative individuals (p = 0.3). Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more prevalent in HIV-1 positive individuals (20%) than in the seronegative subjects (9%) (p < 0.01). In the HIV-1 positive patients, most of whom where asymptomatic, a decrease in total cholesterol and an increase in plasma triglycerides was observed according to the decrease in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is accompanied by an increase in plasma triglycerides and a decrease of total cholesterol in relation with the alteration of cellular immunity. However, heroin addicts present some differential characteristics similar to those of chronic alcoholics, poor diet, anorexia induced by opioids, autoimmunity phenomena and recurrent infections throughout drug addiction which may justify lipid abnormalities of multifactorial origin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Haematological cytology image bank and teletransmission for microscopic diagnosis.

Video recording of microscopic preparations, digitalization and storage, transmission by a specialized telephone network are revolutionizing microscopic diagnosis procedures. Adjustment of standardization of medical diagnosis, based on internationally recognized classifications and their computerized coding are fundamental to this process (ADICAP coding system). We are evaluating telediagnosis procedure to test their relevance in practical hematology. Taking into account clinical and biological informations is necessary to deal with difficult cases, in using in addition to microscopic observations, a compromise of analytic data which must be rapidly available in a data bank by cross references research. In comparison with other pathological applications, the sampling problem is specially crucial in hematologic cases, for which it is necessary to observe at high resolution a fairly high number of microscopic fields, from the peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, in addition to samples of histopathologic sections from bone marrow and/or lymph-node. A previous teleconsultation of an extensive data bank appears as being one of the best way to reduce the procedure of telediagnosis to the only difficult cases, for which clear responses cannot be found in the data bank. A link between the access to the data bank and the telediagnosis procedures appears to be a fundamental approach. Our first experience shown us that a mean of 10 to 15 observed fields are necessary to conclude in ordinary cases (i.e. peripheral blood of lymphoproliferative disorders), while up to 30 fields or more are sometimes necessary for complex cases (acute leukemias, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes), including cytologic and histopathologic data from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of venous thromboembolism.

This review provides meta-analytic data of studies aiming at improved treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The introduction of low molecular weight heparin has considerably ameliorated the initial treatment of deep vein thrombosis, and should now be regarded as the treatment of choice for most patients with deep vein thrombosis. Oral anticoagulant treatment is presently considered safe and effective for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism, provided that the INR is maintained at 2.0-3.0. However, the optimal duration as well as the optimal intensity of anticoagulation have still to be determined. Patients with submassive pulmonary embolism should presently be treated with adjusted dose unfractionated heparin and coumarins. Studies determining the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin in this condition deserve priority. Thrombolytic therapy should be restricted to patients with massive pulmonary embolism, unless safer methods of thrombolysis have been developed. Surgical embolectomy and catheter fragmentation of emboli seem alternative options but deserve further investigations.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1996

The making of a user friendly MAOI diet.

BACKGROUND: Many monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) diets are considered to be excessively restrictive and founded on poor scientific evidence. We present a safe and practical MAOI diet based on the related clinical and analytic data. METHOD: We used a critical review of the literature and our own tyramine assay results to categorize foods to be restricted absolutely, taken in moderation only, or unrestricted. RESULTS: We recommend that users avoid aged cheese; aged or cured meats (e.g., air-dried sausage); any potentially spoiled meat, poultry, or fish; broad (fava) bean pods; Marmite concentrated yeast extract; sauerkraut; soy sauce and soy bean condiments; and tap beer. Wine and domestic bottled or canned beer are considered safe when consumed in moderation. Other foods not mentioned are considered unrestricted. CONCLUSION: The concerns about perpetuating an overly restrictive MAOI diet include the avoidance by prescribers of a potentially useful treatment option, excessive limitations on lifestyle for patients, and increased risk to patients secondary to noncompliance with the diet. We propose an MAOI diet that has a solid scientific and clinical basis and that is, above all, practical.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Ergocalciferol reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material for ergocalciferol was tested for preparation of the "Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 941)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 117.6 degrees C; UV and infrared spectra, the same as those for JP Cholecalciferol Reference Standard; specific absorbance, E1%1cm = 458 (265 nm); thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), no impurities were detected, respectively; assay, 100.6% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the candidate raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard (Control 941).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

[Cholecalciferol reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material for cholecalciferol was tested for preparation of the "Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 941)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 88.5 degrees C; UV and infrared spectra, the same as those for JP Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 923), respectively; specific absorbance at 265 nm E1%1cm = 471; optical rotation, [alpha]20D = +107.3 degrees; thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), no impurities were detected, respectively; assay, 101.3% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the candidate raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard (Control 941).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

[Prednisolone acetate reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material for prednisolone acetate was tested for preparation of the "Prednisolone Acetate Reference Standard (Control 941)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 237.5 degrees C (decomposition); UV and infrared spectra, the same as those for JP Prednisolone Acetate Reference Standard (Control 903), respectively; specific absorbance at lambda max E1%1cm = 379; optical rotation, [alpha]20D = +115.2 degrees; thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), no impurities were detected, respectively; assay, 100.8% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard (Control 941).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

[Betamethasone valerate reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material for betamethasone valerate was tested for preparation of the "Betamethasone Valerate Reference Standard (Control 941)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 194.3 degrees C (decomposition); UV and infrared spectra, the same as those for JP Betamethasone Valerate Reference Standard (Control 844); optical rotation, [alpha]20D = +79.4 degrees; thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), no impurities were detected; assay, 100.0% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the JP Betamethasone Valerate Reference Standard (Control 941).

Betamethasone Valerate↗
PubMed1995

[Glycyrrhitinic acid reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of glycyrrhitinic acid was examined for preparation of the "Glycyrrhitinic Acid Reference Standard". The candidate material was evaluated physico-chemically by a collaborative study in which five laboratories participated. Analytical data obtained were as follows: UV spectrum, lambda max = 251 nm and specific absorbance E1%1cm (EtOH) at the lambda max = 145; IR spectrum, specific absorption numbers were at 1719, 1654, 1216, and 1170 cm-1; thin-layer chromatography, some laboratories detected a trace amount of one spot and others not detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, 2-6 impurities were detected and the amount of any impurities were estimated to be less than 0.2% and the total amount less than 0.5%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Glycyrrhitinic Acid Reference Standard of National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1995

[Berberine hydrochloride reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of berberine hydrochloride was examined for preparation of the "Berberine Hydrochloride Reference Standard". The candidate material was evaluated physico-chemically by a collaborative study in which five laboratories participated. Analytical data obtained were as follows: UV spectrum, lambda max = 228, 263, 345, and 421 nm and specific absorbance E1%1cm at each lambda max = 814, 794, 722, and 160, respectively; IR spectrum, specific absorption wave numbers at 2845, 1633, 1568, and 1506 cm-1; thin-layer chromatography, some laboratories detected a trace amount of one or two spot and others not detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, 2-5 impurities were detected and the amount of any impurities were estimated to be less than 0.05% and the total amount less than 0.2%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Berberine Hydorochloride Reference Standard of National Institute of Health Sciences.

Berberine↗
PubMed1995

[Ulinastatin reference standard (Control 941) of the National Insutitute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of ulinastatin was examined for preparation of the "Ulinastatin Reference standard". The candidate material was evaluated in collaboration with one domestic laboratory, and the potency of trypsin inhibiting activity was determined to be 3500 unit/vial. Other analytical data obtained were as follows: UV maximum absorption was observed at 276 nm, the molecular weight was estimated to be about 66000 +/- 5000 by gel filtration method. Maximum variance of material contents in 10 vials was 6.52% by means of the weight variation test in JP XII. Based on the above results, this raw material was authorized to be the first "Ulinastatin Reference Standard" of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Glycoproteins↗
PubMed1995

[Protamine sulfate reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

Three kinds of the candidate raw material for protamine sulfate was tested for preparation of the "Protamine Sulfate Reference Standard (Control 941)". The candidates were evaluated by physicochemical tests and anti-heparin tests. Analytical data were summarized in Table 1. Based on the above results, the best one having the highest anti-heparin activity was selected and authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard (Control 941).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

Struvite stones: long term follow up under metaphylaxis.

This study presents the results of a 10-year metaphylaxis of 19 former struvite stone formers, each having had 2-3 stone operations. In these patients, urine was acidified with L-methionine (Acimethin) using a dose of three to six tablets 500 mg/day. Every three months, 11 laboratory parameters were checked in 24-hour urine. 6 parameters were determined in serum. In addition, urine samples were tested for infection. Statistical analysis of analytical data, which was supported by computer graphs, provided the results for the urinary parameters. They were described by geometric means and 95% confidence intervals using ANOVA (analysis of variance). During therapy, the mean pH values decreased significantly from 7.5 to 5.5. Signific-ant increases were found in the excretion of citrate, magnesium, potassium, and uric acid. An increase was also found for calcium, which, however, could not be confirmed to be statistically significant (p = 0.08). In serum, changes of parameters could only be registered for calcium and phosphate. However, at all times, total serum concentrations stayed within their normal limits. Three patients suffered occasional infections (16%), only two of them formed recurrent stones (10%). In assessing the efficacy of L-methionine therapy, the drop in urinary pH to acidic values was the most relevant factor for metaphylaxis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

[The Dexamethasone Reference Standard (Control 931) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

Raw dexamethasone material was tested for preparation of the "Dexamethasone Reference Standard (Control 931)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 245.1 degrees C (decomposition); infrared spectrum, the same as that of the JP Dexamethasone Reference Standard; optical rotation, -alpha-20D = + 76.75 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, two impurities were detected; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), one impurity was detected; loss on drying, 0.14%; assay result, 99.4% by HPLC. Based on the above findings, the raw material was authorized as the JP Dexamethasone Reference Standard (Control 931).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

[The Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 931) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

Raw cyanocobalamin material was tested for preparation of the "Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 931)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: loss on drying, 4.2%; infrared spectrum, the same as that of the JP Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 901); thin-layer chromatography, four impurities were detected; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), seven to eight kinds of impurities were detected, but the total amount of impurities was only 1.0 +/- 0.52% (n = 5); assay results, 100.6% by spectrophotometry in the JP XII and 99.7% by HPLC. Based on the above findings, the raw material was authorized as the JP Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 931).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

[The Progesterone Reference Standard (Control 931) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

Raw progesterone material was tested for preparation of the "Progesterone Reference Standard (Control 931)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 131.6 degrees C; infrared spectrum, the same as that of the JP Progesterone Reference Standard; optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +181.1 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, no impurity was detected; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), trace amounts of two impurities were detected; loss on drying, 0.23%; assay results, 99.4% by UV spectrophotometry in the JP XII and 100.5% by HPLC. Based on the above findings, the raw material was authorized as the JP Progesterone Reference Standard (Control 931).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

[Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 931) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material for estradiol was examined for preparation of the "National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 931)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: melting point, 179.0 degrees C; infrared spectrum, the same as that of the present NIHS Estradiol Reference Standard; optical rotation, -alpha-20D = +80.4 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, no impurity was detected; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a trace amount of two impurities were detected; loss on drying, 0.24%; assay, 100.4% by UV spectrophotometry and 101.2% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the NIHS Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 931).

Chemical Phenomena↗