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PubMedDate not supplied

[Intra-urban population and housing in Sao Paulo].

"This paper outlines an analysis of intra-urban demography in Sao Paulo [Brazil], by means of differentials among rates of population growth, densities and age distributions of the several spatial segments of the city. In trying to analyze together housing and demographic variables, it associates the youth of the peripheral population to the housing model prevalent till the eighties--irregular allotment, self-help and home ownership. The data show changes in this peripheral pattern for the last decade: the population growth rate of the central zone (mainly the interior ring) has been greater than that of the periphery. This would be explained by the increase of inner city slums and by verticalization. This tendency was already visible from census data of 1970 and 1980, which show an increase in the number of slums and in the proportion of tenants." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1990

[Modeling labor resources using demoeconomic models of the BACHUE (DEMB) type in Poland].

The author analyzes demographic and economic models developed by Poland's Institute of Statistics and Demography. "The economic submodel describes the Polish national economy as divided into 11 sectors and branches of the production sphere and 7 sectors of the non-production sphere. The demographic submodel covers 5 blocks of equations." The author notes an interdependence among the variables studied and relates this to socioeconomic and demographic development factors. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Demography↗
PubMed1991

China unveils its monumental two per thousand fertility survey.

The author reports on China's 1988 Two per Thousand Survey, using information from papers presented at an international seminar in Beijing that focused on fertility and contraception. "Seminar papers confirmed the high quality of the survey and its potential for research on topics ranging from rates of sterility to the demography of Tibet. They also suggested that family planning in China is moving on to a wider agenda. The interest of family planners is turning to issues of health, motivation for family planning, and contraception prior to a couple's first birth."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

An overview of demographic analysis as a method for evaluating census coverage in the United States.

"Since the 1950 U.S. census, demographic methods based on the fundamental balancing equation of demography have played an important role in the evaluation of the census net undercount. Application of this set of methods, called demographic analysis, results in national estimates of the net undercount for age-race-sex groups. Although results of demographic analysis are readily available in Bureau of the Census publications, the procedures used to estimate each of the components of population change are less well-known. In this paper we review the historical foundation of demographic analysis, beginning with Coale's 1950 census evaluation project and concluding with the recent evaluation of the 1990 census. We examine each of the components of the method, how their estimation has changed over time, and how they were estimated for the 1990 census."

Americas↗
PubMed1992

East-West migration in Europe: can migration theories help estimate the numbers?

"In this article, we discuss the types of scientific knowledge that could be used to estimate migration flows." Theories from the disciplines of economics, geography, geopolitics, sociology, demography, econometrics, and history are reviewed. The authors find that "each field provides a partial explanation of...migration flows." The geographical focus is on Europe.

Demography↗
PubMed1993

A middle path: slavery and natural increase in nineteenth-century Minas Gerais.

"This article challenges the conventional notion that all regions of Brazil...were entirely dependent upon the international slave trade for the maintenance or growth of their slave populations.... The arguments will be based on data relating to the nineteenth-century slave population of the province of Minas Gerais.... Despite the size of its slave contingent, Minas Gerais was at best weakly linked to the export sector.... In light of data from the 1830s it will be argued that this economic transformation away from the export sector had a profound impact on slave demography.... New evidence shows that the Mineiro slave population achieved a positive rate of natural increase within a single generation of the termination of the Atlantic slave trade."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Procreation and the succession of generations].

"This article presents a complex conceptual and methodological proposal.... The study proposes an analysis similar and complementary to the abstract models of formal demography. Specifically, the article considers the practices and strategies of procreation, as well as the subjectiveness of people as constitutive elements of a succession of generations, as observed on different analytical levels." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Our demographic future: predictions for the next 50 years.

"This special issue of Population Today commemorates one-half century of the Population Bulletin by looking one-half century into the future. We asked experts and advocates for their predictions: What will be the most important demographic development in the next 50 years? The people we asked ranged from well-known leaders in the field to young people just starting out.... We at PRB hope that this special feature will stimulate thought about our world's future, as viewed through the lens of demography."

Attitude↗
PubMed1995

[Immigration and labor: Australia and Canada compared].

"Australia and Canada share...a common colonial history and many similarities in geography, economy, demography, etc., as well as a substantial anti-non anglo-celtic immigrant tradition, in spite of their being immigration countries. Those similarities and differences are analyzed here, as far as labor migration and relationships between immigrant and local labor are concerned. The arrival of European labor first, Asian later, was perceived similarly by both Australia and Canada, combining racial prejudice and unions' hostility towards contract labor migration as well as towards assisted migration. The evolution of those difficult relations through the 19th and 20th centuries is analyzed here." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1995

[From the transformation of age groups to the evolution of social relationships].

"In Western societies, change in family behaviour patterns, increased life expectancy, transformations in the socioeconomic environment and in culture have effected important modifications in the 'age pyramid', the significance of which has fed the debate between experts who have recorded them and who have anticipated their foreseeable consequences. These consequences are examined here in the light of some of their effects on social ties, inside the family and on the community level: the recomposition of the deviations between generations, the appearance of a pre-adult stage, the growth of concomitant responsibilities in relation to ascendants and descendants within family networks, potential concurrent intergenerational conflicts, and the aging of the social fabric [at] the community level. These phenomena in full evolution are a particular incentive to reinforcing the dialogue between demography and sociology." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

[Migration and family roles: demographic measurement and cultural contexts].

"Demographers explain the fact that women are heads of households in the countries of origin by the shortage of men created by labour migration (the so-called sex-ratio argument). Empirical testing using census or survey data pertaining to a large number of countries proves disappointing. No significant statistical correlation can be established between sex ratios and various characteristics of the households. In order to understand the failure of the methodology used, one must shift from demography to the sociology of migrations and take into account the cultural contexts, and more specifically roles and statuses of women, as is shown in the case of the Caribbean and of the Dogon, one of the ethnic groups in Mali." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1998

The dynamics of neighborhood age composition.

"In this paper we investigate the changing demography of [U.S.] neighborhoods. We focus upon the dynamics of the age structure of neighborhoods, paying particular attention to the roles of (a) the magnitude of mobility and (b) the age composition of in-migrants and out-migrants. A model for studying the changing age composition of neighborhoods is developed, and alternative scenarios characterized by the nature of in-movement and out-movement are examined to make statements about the age of householders in neighborhoods. We find that high rates of mobility may serve to bring about a relatively youthful equilibrium age structure quite rapidly, whereas low rates lead to a higher mean age and to damped harmonic fluctuations both in the mean age of householders and in the magnitude of the age heterogeneity of the neighborhood. In addition, we compare the evolutions of age structure in neighborhoods with age patterns of in-movement and out-movement that could typify areas of renters and areas of homeowners."

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1983

[The structure and type of households as related to ethnic group in Western Zaire].

"The author studies the family structures (size, composition, prevailing type) and the main characteristics of the heads of households as related to...ethnic group in Western Zaire." The data are taken from a 1975-1976 demographic survey carried out among 30,000 households by the Demography Department of the Catholic University of Louvain. (summary in ENG, SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1987

[Hazard function and life table: an introduction to the failure time analysis].

Failure time analysis has become popular in demographic studies. It can be viewed as a part of regression analysis with limited dependent variables as well as a special case of event history analysis and multistate demography. The idea of hazard function and failure time analysis, however, has not been properly introduced to nor commonly discussed by demographers in Japan. The concept of hazard function in comparison with life tables is briefly described, where the force of mortality is interchangeable with the hazard rate. The basic idea of failure time analysis is summarized for the cases of exponential distribution, normal distribution, and proportional hazard models. The multiple decrement life table is also introduced as an example of lifetime data analysis with cause-specific hazard rates.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A sociological approach to the family].

"This paper discusses the range and limits of some concepts of the family, related to theoretical perspectives and to possibilities of an empirical approach to this social group. It argues that in recent studies of the family one can find the symbolic outlook of anthropology on the one hand, which deepens the analysis of dynamics of family relationships, but is limited to strict segments of society. On the other hand, one can find demography and sociology surveys, capable of framing broad portraits which, although liable to generalization, are static and limited to family relations within the household. As an example of possible methodology, the paper describes the proceedings and results of [a study on] family structure and daily life in the city of Sao Paulo [Brazil], in which the author assembles some of the commented approaches, trying to overcome their limitations." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1993

The Latin American inner city: differences of degree or of kind?

Inner-city areas of Latin America are examined and compared with similar urban areas in the United Kingdom and the United States. Significant differences are noted in that "the demography [of Latin American inner cities] is different, with relatively low levels of visible population decline; and the economy of the inner city remains vibrant, focusing upon services and small-scale artisan activities, with no corresponding decline in heavy industry. Although large-scale redevelopment projects in and around the downtown were common during the 1940s to the 1960s, the demise of authoritarian and dirigiste-type leaders, 1980s austerity, and a growing democratic base, have imposed severe limitations on the extent of large-scale urban redevelopment and reinvestment."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

[The demo-political debate in Quebec: inclusion or exclusion?].

"The purpose of this paper is to present some aspects of a current research project on the evolution of demographic thought on immigration and integration [in Quebec, Canada], especially since the beginning of the 1960s. The paper is divided into two parts: the first is a brief consideration of the concept of integration in demography; the second presents four propositions which we believe characterize demo-political discourse at the present time. In brief, these four propositions are: 1) immigration today is unique in the history of Quebec; 2) immigration is not a solution to apprehended demographic decline; 3) immigration is linked to Quebec's capacity to receive new immigrants; and 4) the state is the leader in policy matters. In conclusion, regarding the 'inclusion/exclusion' duality, we suggest that demo-political discourse leans more heavily toward exclusion than toward inclusion." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1983

Ethnicity and migration in Canada.

"This study focuses on the relationship between ethnicity and geographic mobility in Canada by examining 1971 census data. Several competing hypotheses are extracted from the literature on the social demography of ethnic and minority groups and evaluated for their efficacy in explaining the observed differences in geographic mobility. The results from a multivariate analysis suggest that the causal mechanisms involving ethnic, characteristic factors and the propensity to move are varied and interconnected; hence, both ethnic and social demographic characteristics are important sources of migration differentials. The article concludes by providing a theoretical model for further examination of ethnicity and migration."

Americas↗