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PubMedDate not supplied

[Chorioretinitis caused by toxoplasmosis: study of 65 cases].

Sixty five patients with an ophthalmoscopic diagnosis of chorioretinitis who, underwent complement fixation tests and intradermoreaction using Toxoplasma antigens were studied. 95,4% of them disclosed antibody titers with the former and 58,5% reactors were found with the latter. Sixty five individuals with neither backgrounds nor clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis were used as control, and 27,7% of reactors in both tests were likewise found. The differences among results are highly statistically significant; this points out toxoplasmosis as an important cause of chorioretinitis in our patients. Complement fixation tests were more sensitive than intradermoreactions as well as specific as the latter. Results were correlated to age, sex and animal contacts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Sensitivity and specificity of serological and bacteriological tests for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

In 1990 an outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) occurred in Italy. Subsequent surveillance for CBPP was based on random sampling in bovine herds, serological controls on all animals moved from the herd of origin and controls on slaughtered animals. Official tests employed were the complement fixation test (CFT) and bacteriological isolation and typing. A total of 33,856 serum samples collected from herds in CBPP-free regions were used to define CFT specificity, while samples from 595 animals from infected herds were employed to define the sensitivity. Ninety-nine animals from three infected herds were used to estimate the sensitivity of the isolation technique. Results showed the specificity of CFT (threshold +1:10) to be 98% and sensitivity to be 63.79%. The sensitivity of the test did not change significantly, regardless of whether the lesions were caused by acute or chronic infection. The sensitivity of the isolation technique was 54.1%.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Seroepidemiological study of herpes viruses in Nepal.

The antibody positive rates among Nepalese, in a community, to herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were studied. Immune adherence hemagglutination test (for VZV) and complement fixation test (for HSV and CMV) were used to measure the antibodies. An 80% positive rate of anti-HSV antibodies was found in early childhood (1-4 years) that further increased with age (96.1% positive in greater than 15 years age). Only 25% of children 1-4 years old showed antibodies to VZV but the number of positives increased rapidly with age (82.9% in greater than 15 years age). Antibody against CMV was positive in all the subjects studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to maedi-visna virus.

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to maedi-visna virus (mvv) in sheep is described, in which microtitre plates are sensitized with a partly purified preparation of mvv. The antibodies bound are detected by a horseradish peroxidase conjugate. The results obtained with ELISA on a total of 493 serum samples from several commercial flocks were compared to those of a routine agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and a complement fixation test (CFT). All samples which scored positive in AGPT, CFT or both (20.8%) were also found positive by ELISA. In addition, with ELISA a further 11.5% of the samples were positive. Serum samples from maedi-free flocks, from sheep suffering from sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and from lambs immunized against other viruses were all negative by ELISA. The assay has been used routinely for some years and proved to be specific, sensitive and suited for screening of large numbers of serum samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The role of alloimmunization in platelet survival studies.

The role of platelet alloimmunization in the survival of 51Cr-labeled allogeneic platelets was investigated in 89 patients with severe thrombocytopenias. The serological analysis included HLA typing of patients, screening of their sera in the lymphocytotoxicity test (LCTT), the platelet complement fixation test (PCFT), and the platelet radioactive anti-IgG test (PRAT; N = 38). Platelet donors were selected according to the best available HLA match and crossmatch in LCTT. Alloantibodies against HLA antigens were found in the sera of 17 patients (19.1%). No platelet-specific alloantibodies were detected. The use of compatible, allogeneic platelets permitted the discrimination of diminished platelet production from increased platelet turnover in thrombocytopenic patients with proven alloimmunization. Our results stress the necessity of a serological workup prior to platelet survival studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Biochemical and serological identification of strains of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae.

Eighteen field isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were studied biochemically and serotyped using the complement fixation test (CFT), agglutination test and the immunodiffusion test. Three biochemical tests (V-dependency, CAMP-reaction and urease activity) were found to be very useful for the biochemical characterization of the H. pleuropneumoniae. Haemolysis on blood agar plates, although present, was not sufficiently pronounced in all cases to warrant absolute dependence on this characteristic. Serological typing revealed the isolates belong to Serotypes 1 and 5. The immunodiffusion test proved to be the most serotype specific, while a marked cross-reaction was observed with the CFT.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

[Experiments in the diagnosis and therapy of stylesiasis in sheep].

Tested were several methods for the diagnosis of sheep stylesiasis - the study of washings, successive decantation, flotation after Füleborn and with the use of zinc sulfide - obtaining no favourable results. Immunobiologic methods, such as the skin allergic test and the complement-fixation test had no practical diagnostic value either. Sheep infected with S. globipunctata reacted positively to antigens of M. expansa, M. benedeni, and A. centripunctata. A total of 15 anticestode agents were tested to treat stylesias-isaffected animals. Bithionol and lead arsenate caused the shedding of Stylesia strobilae up to 100 per cent, however, about 50 per cent of the scolexes with the necks, attached to the intestinal wall, remained intact and produced strobilae. Cyclosamide, dichlorophen, trichlorophen, sulphen, dibromsulphen, and sulfoxide removed the strobilae, but did not almost act on the scolexes and necks, which later on developed strobilae. Praciquantel (isochinoline-pyrazine, EMBAU, droncit-Bayer) at the rate of 15 mg/kg is 100 per cent effective against S. globipunctata, M. expansa, M. benedeni, M. automnalia, and A. centripunctata, and has been tested for the first time as an anticestode means against the Anoplocephalite parasites in sheep. It has no unpleasant odor and taste, is practically untoxic (therapeutic index over 20), and could be used in group treatment of sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of serological tests based on outer membrane or internal antigens for detecting antibodies to Brucella ovis in infected flocks.

The aim of this work was to compare the performance of 6 serological tests using outer or internal antigens from Brucella for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in sheep in an endemic area. Outer membrane antigens included a hot saline extract (HS) and the rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS) from B. ovis. Internal antigens were LPS-free total cytosolic proteins (CP) and an 18-kDa cytosolic protein (p18) from Brucella spp. Sera from 200 sheep from naturally infected flocks were assayed by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and by complement fixation test (CFT), both using HS, and by 4 ELISA using HS, R-LPS, CP, and p18, respectively. The percentage of positive results was 45.5% for ELISA with HS, 42.0% for ELISA with p18, 39.5% for CFT, 33.5% for ELISA with R-LPS, 29.0% for ELISA with CP, and 18.0% for AGID. Taking CFT as the reference test for calculating relative test parameters, the ELISA with HS had the best sensitivity (96.2%), while AGID and the ELISA with R-LPS had the best specificity (96.6%). The ELISA with CP was not more sensitive than the ELISA with p18 (67.1% vs. 79.7%) in spite of the higher number of antigens in CP. The lower relative sensitivity of tests using internal antigens might reflect a lack of antibodies to cytosolic proteins in some infected animals or a shorter persistence of these antibodies relative to antibodies to outer membrane components after recovery from infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of three serological tests in the diagnosis of Brucella infection in unvaccinated cattle in Eritrea.

Three serological methods, the Rose-Bengal test (RBT), the complement-fixation test (CFT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) were compared for the detection of Brucella-infected animals in unvaccinated cattle herds in Eritrea. In this study, 71 herds first were classified as positive or negative for Brucella infection on the basis of at least one animal being seropositive by RBT and CFT. All the 159 RBT-positive samples from the 26 seropositive herds and 214 RBT-negative samples randomly selected from the seropositive herds and from the 45 negative herds were tested further by CFT and I-ELISA. Using the ELISA titer as main predictor, and incorporating the RBT results, a logistic model was built to predict the CFT-negative or -positive status of individual sera and to estimate sensitivity and specificity. Whilst the ELISA titers (< or =20) accurately predicted all the negative sera in herds that were also negative by the CFT, the number of seropositive animals was higher by ELISA in herds that had positive animals. Serum samples which give higher degrees of agglutination with the RBT need not be re-tested with CFT; consideration of the seropositive status of a herd should be taken into consideration on defining the cut-off optical density readings for ELISA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Serological study of the bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease].

Employed were the virus-neutralization test (VNT), the complement-fixation tests (CFT), and the immunodiffusion test (IT) in the study of serum samples of calves on a total of 25 farms that had records of virus diarrhea-mucosal disease (VD-MD) in the course of two years. Samples were also taken from calves in the initial phase of the same disease in the course of four months. The blood of experimentally infected calves waw likewise sampled for three months. It was found that the stage of infection could successfully be studied via all three serologic methods. Thus, for example, positive VNT and CFT results coupled with negative IT results spoke of the initial stage of the disease, and vice versa--negative CFT results and positive VNT and IT results gave evidence of the advanced stage of the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of five tests for the detection of antibodies against chlamydial (enzootic) abortion of ewes.

Five tests for antibodies against chlamydial (enzootic) abortion of ewes were compared using 255 sera from experimentally (group 1) or naturally (group 2) infected animals, flocks free of the disease (group 3) and individual animals testing positively by the complement fixation test but from flocks with no evidence of chlamydial abortion (group 4). Sera from five specific pathogen-free lambs vaccinated with two different subtypes of Chlamydia pecorum were also included (group 5). All tests used some form of processed culture of C psitiaci as antigen. Specificities, established with group 3 and 4 sera, ranged between 96 per cent (ELISA using lipopolysaccharide antigen) and 59 per cent (Immunocomb). Reactions with group 5 sera suggested that the cause of false positive results in the field might be cross-reactive antibodies against the arthritogenic subtype of C pecorum. Sensitivities, established with groups 1 and 2 sera, ranged between 81 per cent (Immunocomb) and 51 per cent (ELISA using solubilised protein antigen). The minimum sample sizes required to be 95 per cent certain of detecting at least five seropositives in two infected flocks (combined data) were 15 to 48, dependent on the test applied. The Western blot test, applied to a proportion of samples, yielded no false positives with group 3 sera but 31.7 per cent with group 4 sera. Thus, none of the tests in this comparison emerged as sufficiently satisfactory in all respects, suggesting that further improvements in chlamydial serology must come through the use of non-native antigens or in the form of a competitive ELISA.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in cyclosporin-treated renal allograft recipients.

The relative merits of antibody response and virus shedding as markers of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among cyclosporin-treated renal allograft recipients were analysed. CMV-specific antibody was assayed by IgG-specific radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) and by complement fixation test (CFT). CMV shedding was assayed by virus isolation and by the rapid test immediate early nuclear antigen detection (IENAD). RIST and CFT detected seroconversion in similar numbers of patients, but the former test was the more sensitive when CMV antibody was sought in pretransplant sera to differentiate primary from recurrent infection. IENAD detected or excluded CMV shedding for more urine specimens than virus isolation (462/515 [90%] vs. 366/515 [71%]), but the reverse applied to saliva specimens (33/57 [58%] vs. 54/57 [95%]). The high specificity of IENAD allowed positive results by IENAD to be accepted when virus isolation failed to provide a result. IENAD was, however, less sensitive than virus isolation even when specimens yielding CMV by IENAD, but no result by virus isolation, were included in the analysis (27/44 [61%] vs. 38/44 [86%]). Assays of both antibody response and virus shedding were required to maximise the diagnosis of recurrent CMV infections, but the former assay detected all primary CMV infections. The diagnostic implications of these results are discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

An investigation into alternative methods for the serodiagnosis of dourine.

The complement fixation test (CFT), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared in their application to the serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma equiperdum infection in 43 horses. The CFT remains a reliable test for dourine, especially in countries where other members of the subgenus Trypanozoon do not occur. The IFAT is a good 'back-up' test, but, requiring skilled operators it has the disadvantage of making it labour intensive, and interpretation of results subjective. This makes it more suited to small numbers of samples. The ELISA is suitable for large numbers of samples and could readily be used in routine diagnostic procedures. The CATT could be of value in field situations, although it does not appear to be as sensitive as the CFT. Its possible application under these conditions should be further investigated.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Purification by sucrose density gradient zonal centrifugation and affinity column chromatography of antigenic substances from the livers of mice infected with Tyzzer's disease.

Antigenic substances from livers of mice infected with Tyzzer's disease were purified by means of sucrose density gradient zonal centrifugation and affinity column chromatography using antiserum and checking antigenicity with the complement fixation test. Fractions obtained from zonal centrifugation fell into three main groups with different molecular weights, two of which (Fr. I and Fr. II) positively reacted with antiserum in the complement fixation tests. Both fractions were further purified by affinity column chromatography. The molecular weights of the main antigenic substances derived from Fr. I and Fr. II were determined to be about 52 000 and 66 000, respectively, by means of SDS-PAGE.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibacterial antibody pattern in seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SNSA).

The occurrence of some anti-bacterial antibodies was studied in sera from 31 healthy donors (HD) and 101 patients with different rheumatic diseases. The cases investigated included 7 Psoriatic Arthritis (PA), 35 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), 17 Undifferentiated Seronegative Spondyloarthritis (U-SNSA), 13 Behçet's syndrome, 18 Enteric Arthropathies (EA), 7 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and 4 Reiter's syndrome. A complement fixation test was carried out to detect the presence and to evaluate the titer of the specific antibodies against the relative bacterial antigens. The antigens used were prepared for the complement fixation test by Virion Laboratories: Yersinia Enterocolitica 0:3 type (YEC), Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis (YPT), Campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) and Campylobacter Intestinalis (CI), Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT). The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the HD group and the seronegative polyarthritis one (PA, U-SNSA, Behçet, EA, AS, Reiter as a whole) as far as antibody production against YEC, CI and YPT is concerned. On the contrary, a significant difference between the HD group and RA patients for specific anti bacterial antibodies was only found against CT. Further detailed analysis of the behavior of the antibody pattern in any disease groups was carried out to identify a possible specific and featured antibody profile for some given rheumatic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent-assay and western blot for diagnosis of histoplasmosis.

This study evaluates the use of a enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis and it compares it with a complement fixation test. The results showed a sensitivity of 86% in this diagnosis of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis and specificity of 91% using anti-human IgG. For antihuman IgM the sensitivity was 66% and the specificity 100%. There was a good correlation between the titer of complement fixation test and the optical density index by ELISA. Neither ELISA or complement fixation were useful for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Using Western blot we identified antibodies against four different histoplasma antigens (91, 83, 70 and 38 kD) in sera from patients with histoplasmosis. These antigens were identified also in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. We conclude that ELISA is a useful test for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, and the Western blot could be useful for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗