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PubMed1983

[Stenoses and occlusions of the extracranial arteries. A field study of unselected subjects and patients with intermittent claudication].

Doppler sonography of the extracranial arteries was done in 556 unselected patients (greater than 40 years) in a prophylactic study. 226 high risk patients with arterial occlusive leg disease (AOD) served as control group. Doppler sonography revealed stenoses or occlusions of the carotid, vertebral and (or) subclavian arteries in 9.17% of normal persons and in 38.05% of AOD patients. Medical treatment is available only for stenoses (not occlusions) of the carotid arteries. Thus the frequency of asymptomatic internal carotid stenoses--only stenoses of more than 50% lumen diminution can be detected--of 2.33% in the group of normal probands and of 17.2% in the patient group is the reference value and justification for use of Doppler sonography for prophylactic assessment. The atraumatic and safe method with a success rate of 2.33% is suitable particularly in increased risk factors (age, males, smoking, hypertension, diabetes). As a prophylactic investigation in patients with arterial occlusive disease Doppler sonography is mandatory before prospective operations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Magnetic resonance angiography used to detect kinking in the iliac arteries in endurance athletes with claudication.

In endurance athletes, leg complaints upon maximal exercise caused by flow limitations in the iliac arteries are frequently encountered. We theorize that functional kinking of the vessels, which occurs especially during hip flexion, may be a cause for such flow limitations. Conventional diagnostic tests cannot demonstrate such kinkings. Using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, a 3D dataset of the aorto-iliac arteries could be obtained with the hips flexed. An image processing procedure was developed using a new segmentation algorithm to be able to use standard surface rendering techniques to visualize the arteries with an improved 3D appearance. These techniques were applied in the current study in 42 endurance athletes with documented flow limitations in the iliac arteries. As a control group 16 national level competitive cyclists without flow limitations in the iliac arteries were studied. Forty-six affected legs were examined in 42 patients. In all patients and reference persons image quality was adequate and the segmentation algorithm could be applied. In 22 affected legs (48%) a kinking in the common iliac artery could be demonstrated, compared with one leg (3%) in the control group. In 13 affected legs (28%) a kinking in the external iliac artery could be demonstrated, compared with three legs (9%) in the control group. It can be concluded that flow limitations in the iliac arteries in endurance athletes are associated with kinkings in the common and/or the external iliac arteries. Magnetic resonance angiography with the hips flexed followed by this newly developed segmentation algorithm is effective to visualize and score these kinkings.

Adult↗