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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

HLA antigen expression and malignant mesothelioma.

The expression of HLA antigens by a tumor may determine its progression and metastatic potential by influencing the immune response to that tumor. The upregulation of HLA antigen expression on some cell types by interferons (IFNs) may contribute to their antitumor activity. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a tumor that has a poor prognosis and is unaffected by conventional therapy, although immunotherapy has not been adequately assessed. In this study, we have examined the constitutive and IFN-inducible expression of class I and class II HLA antigens on MM cell lines using indirect immunofluorescence and Northern blotting. All MM cell lines constitutively expressed class I, but not class II, surface antigen, and all three class I loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) were expressed. The MM cell lines were heterogeneous in their response to the IFNs. Treatment with IFN-alpha marginally increased class I surface expression, but not class II. Class I mRNA was, however, clearly increased in all cell lines after IFN-alpha treatment, suggesting that class I surface antigen was already maximally expressed. IFN-gamma increased class I mRNA expression in all but one cell line and induced DR expression on three of the cell lines. DQ-beta, but not DQ-alpha, mRNA was inducible in the same three cell lines, but DQ surface antigen was never demonstrable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1982

'Don't take a chance': a public campaign to encourage the early reporting of breast symptoms.

As part of a study to evaluate health education about breast cancer, a campaign to encourage the early reporting of breast symptoms was organised jointly by Community Medicine, University of Southampton and Southampton Health Education Service. A thorough account of all aspects of the preparation and implementation of the campaign is presented. It is hoped that other organisations, considering a similar campaign, could utilise the materials specially produced to convey our message and benefit from our experiences.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1991

Anterior pelvic reconstruction with ileum after cancer treatment.

Ileum has been used to reconstruct the lower urinary tract in 15 patients (10 women, five men) after treatment for bladder or gynaecological cancer. Seven patients had previously received radical pelvic irradiation. Four methods were used: group 1 (five patients): bladder patch after partial cystectomy or bladder augmentation after clam cystotomy for bladder contracture; group 2 (four patients): bladder replacement after subtotal (supratrigonal) cystectomy; group 3 (two patients): ureteric replacement for lower ureteric obstruction or fistula, and group 4 (four patients): complete replacement of bladder and lower ureters after anterior pelvic exenteration, with creation of neovagina from caecum in the two female patients. Review of the results indicates that ileum provides a versatile and safe material for anterior pelvic reconstruction in cancer patients even after previous pelvic irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Arterial oxygen saturation in anaesthetised patients during transfer from induction room to operating room.

There is no published study that examines oxygenation of anaesthetised patients during transport from anaesthesia induction room to operating room. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured in twenty-five anaesthetised patients before and during transfer to an adjacent operating room and continuously recorded on a calibrated chart recorder. A telemetry ECG recorder was used to detect cardiac dysrhythmias. All anaesthetists followed their usual anaesthetic practice. Patients ventilated via face-mask and via endotracheal tube were studied. During transfer patients were either apnoeic (n = 8) or breathing room air spontaneously (n = 17). Mean SaO2 before induction was 95.4 (SD 2.5)%, was higher after induction of anaesthesia, 98.5 (SD 1.4)% and fell after transfer, 95.7 (SD 2.6)%. A fall in SaO2 was recorded for 21 patients. No SaO2 value below 90% was seen. The decrease in SaO2 was related to the time taken to transfer the patients and spontaneous ventilation (Multiple regression analysis); it was not related to the body mass index although two of the greatest decreases were seen in obese patients. Transfer time averaged 51 seconds (range: 24-97 s). No changes in cardiac rhythm were seen. Transfer of anaesthetised patients was accompanied by variable falls in SaO2 which related to duration of transfer and spontaneous breathing of room air and which were not associated with new dysrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Direct evidence that leukemic cells present HLA-associated immunogenic peptides derived from the BCR-ABL b3a2 fusion protein.

The BCR-ABL oncogene is central in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, tandem nanospray mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate cell surface HLA-associated expression of the BCR-ABL peptide KQSSKALQR on class I-negative CML cells transfected with HLA-A*0301, and on primary CML cells from HLA-A3-positive patients. These patients mounted a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to KQSSKALQR that also killed autologous CML cells, and tetramer staining demonstrated the presence of circulating KQSSKALQR-specific T cells. The findings are the first demonstration that CML cells express HLA-associated leukemia-specific immunogenic peptides and provide a sound basis for immunization studies against BCR-ABL.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of GH and/or sex steroid administration on abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in healthy aged women and men.

Aging is associated with reduced GH, IGF-I, and sex steroid axis activity and with increased abdominal fat. We employed a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, noncross-over design to study the effects of 6 months of administration of GH alone (20 microg/kg BW), sex hormone alone (hormone replacement therapy in women, testosterone enanthate in men), or GH + sex hormone on total abdominal area, abdominal sc fat, and visceral fat in 110 healthy women (n = 46) and men (n = 64), 65-88 yr old (mean, 72 yr). GH administration increased IGF-I levels in women (P = 0.05) and men (P = 0.0001), with the increment in IGF-I levels being higher in men (P = 0.05). Sex steroid administration increased levels of estrogen and testosterone in women and men, respectively (P = 0.05). In women, neither GH, hormone replacement therapy, nor GH + hormone replacement therapy altered total abdominal area, sc fat, or visceral fat significantly. In contrast, in men, administration of GH and GH + testosterone enanthate decreased total abdominal area by 3.9% and 3.8%, respectively, within group and vs. placebo (P = 0.05). Within-group comparisons revealed that sc fat decreased by 10% (P = 0.01) after GH, and by 14% (P = 0.0005) after GH + testosterone enanthate. Compared with placebo, sc fat decreased by 14% (P = 0.05) after GH, by 7% (P = 0.05) after testosterone enanthate, and by 16% (P = 0.0005) after GH + testosterone enanthate. Compared with placebo, visceral fat did not decrease significantly after administration of GH, testosterone enanthate, or GH + testosterone enanthate. These data suggest that in healthy older individuals, GH and/or sex hormone administration elicits a sexually dimorphic response on sc abdominal fat. The generally proportionate reductions we observed in sc and visceral fat, after 6 months of GH administration in healthy aged men, contrast with the disproportionate reduction of visceral fat reported after a similar period of GH treatment of nonelderly GH deficient men and women. Whether longer term administration of GH or testosterone enanthate, alone or in combination, will reduce abdominal fat distribution-related cardiovascular risk in healthy older men remains to be elucidated.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Brief postoperative delirium in hip fracture patients affects functional outcome at three months.

UNLABELLED: It is unclear how brief postoperative delirium (DEL) affects functional outcomes. In this study, we sought to determine if patients with brief postoperative DEL (<6-wk duration) have different living situations when compared with non-DEL patients after hip fracture repair. In a prospective study, patients admitted to the geriatric hip fracture service were assessed every postoperative day for the presence of DEL using the confusion assessment method (CAM) score. Patients were reassessed at 6 wk and 3 mo postoperatively for CAM score, current living situation, and activities of daily living. Group comparisons were tested after dividing patients into two groups: DEL (DEL; [+] CAM at any time during the postoperative period while in the hospital); no-DEL (no DEL; [-] CAM throughout the postoperative period while in the hospital). The study included 92 patients of whom 26 (28%) were CAM (+) after surgery. At 6 wk follow-up, n = 81; at 3 mo follow-up, n = 76. Eight patients died during the study. At 6 wk and 3 mo, a larger percentage of DEL patients were not living with a family member (27% versus 8% patients not living with a family member at 3 mo follow-up in DEL and no-DEL, respectively). There was no difference in activities of daily living by 3 mo. We conclude that brief postoperative DEL lasting <6 wk is a determining factor for poor long-term functional outcome after hip fracture repair, because it significantly impacts the ability to live independently. IMPLICATIONS: Brief postoperative delirium lasting <6 wk is a determining factor for poor long-term functional outcome after hip fracture repair, because it significantly impacts the ability to live independently.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

A review of physical and psychological factors in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.

This review is based on a MEDLINE search of all papers on vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) published 1995-2000. The causation, natural history and prevalence of VVS are unknown. There is no convincing evidence that VVS is the result of an infection or of an allergy. It has been proposed that it is an atypical pain syndrome but there is currently no clear evidence that this is so. The usual diagnostic criteria used in VVS are of doubtful discriminative value. Findings from biopsies of women with VVS are inconsistent. While there is some evidence to suggest that women with VVS attending clinics differ psychologically from normal controls, it is not clear whether these differences reflect the effects of VVS, are the result of patient selection or influence the development of the disease. Several treatments, including biofeedback, psychosexual treatment and surgery have been reported to be successful in some patients but there is a lack of proper placebo-controlled trials on which to base estimates of efficacy. There is a vital need for further, high-quality, research in this area.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

The ultrasound cystodynamogram--a new radiological technique.

Voiding dysfunction may be assessed using the intravenous urodynamogram (IVUD) or combined with pressure studies in the videocystometrogram (VCMG). However, VCMG requires bladder catheterization and voiding in public which often leads to inhibition of sphincter relaxation. For this reason the urinary flow rate measurement performed in private is more representative of the true voiding pattern. The ultrasound cystodynamogram (USCD) evaluates the bladder capacity, mean and maximum flow rates, flow pattern and post-micturition residual. The diagnostic capability of USCD was studied in 116 consecutive cases 46 of whom had also had VCMG. Comparison of the data obtained using both techniques revealed no significant difference. USCD has proved to be accurate, safe and reproducible and is of particular value in patient follow-up.

Adolescent↗