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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ex vivo comparison of a novel tapered-sleeve and traditional full-limb transfixation pin cast for distal radial fracture stabilization in the horse.

Distal radial fractures in adult horses are examples of long-bone fractures that are not always amenable to internal fixation. These fractures are often open, contaminated, severely comminuted, and located adjacent to the antebrachiocarpal joint. There have been few studies to improve upon the methods of stabilization of this type of fracture. External coaptation incorporating transfixation pins is one method that has been used to stabilize distal radial fractures in horses (1-3). The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the load to failure in simulated weight-bearing of a novel tapered-sleeve transfixation pin cast (TSTPC) (4) with the traditional transfixation pin cast (TPC) in an ex vivo distal radial fracture model. Ten adult equine cadaveric forelimbs were randomly placed into a TPC group (n = 5) or a TSTPC group (n = 5). An oblique distal radial osteotomy was created prior to application of fibreglass cast material. The limbs were loaded in a single cycle to failure in simulated weight-bearing using an axial load. The mean load to failure for the TSTPC group (35,814 N) was significantly greater than in the TPC group (22,344 N) (p = 0.003). Tapered sleeves in conjunction with TPC warrant further investigation because they may prolong the life of the fixation, prevent or diminish fractures through the pin sites, and increase the load capacity of external coaptation used to stabilize equine fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Predictable seating of the single-unit cast restoration.

Prior to cementation, a cast restoration must be clinically evaluated in a number of critical areas. The proximal contacts and internal surface of the casting, as well as centric and excursive occlusion, require assessment and generally require adjustment before cementation. The time necessary to accomplish these adjustments is not predictable. A technique is presented that permits the majority of these adjustments to be completed in the laboratory, thus minimizing the clinical time required to seat the casting.

Crowns↗
PubMed1990

[Ultimate tensile strength of plasma- and laser-welded cast titanium (Titaniumer, Ohara)].

The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of titanium castings (Titaniumer, Ohara) as cast and after plasma-welding, laser-welding and soldering was investigated according to DIN 13912. The UTS of titanium as cast was 567 (+/- 36) MPa. After plasmawelding UTS decreased by 69% on the average, after laser-welding by 20%, after soldering with Ag65Cu20Pd15 (1060 degrees C) by 46% and after soldering with Ag72Cu20Ti8 (980 degrees C) by 63%. The highest tensile strength was observed in laser-welded titanium under the conditions described.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMed1991

Humeral mobility after treatment with hanging cast.

A retrospective review of 23 patients after treatment of humeral fractures with hanging cast was performed. The average followup time was 8.59 years (range, 1.0 to 15.5 years). Functional results were good in eight (34.8%) and excellent in 15 patients (65.2%). To assess the flexibility of shoulder and elbow joints 24 parameters were measured on each body side using the neutral-zero method of Debrunner. A cumulative comparison of each parameter revealed decreased flexibilities of the upper limb after treatment with hanging cast: reduced abduction without moving shoulder blade (84.08 +/- 7.53 vs. 77.34 +/- 11.38; p less than 0.05), reduced free abduction (166.09 +/- 14.4 vs. 158.22 +/- 19.28; p less than 0.01), reduced anteelevation (155.26 +/- 10.12 vs. 149.35 +/- 3.22; p less than 0.01), reduced external rotation with hanging arm (48.96 +/- 19.05 vs. 41.18 +/- 16.75; p less than 0.01), increased flexion of the shoulder (25.65 +/- 10.37 vs 27.3 +/- 10.0; p less than 0.05) and reduced extension of the elbow (0.86 +/- 6.92 vs. -2.68 +/- 9.63; p less than 0.05). These findings show that longterm deficiencies of humeral mobility after treatment with hanging casts exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Basic casting techniques.

Plaster of Paris in bandage or slab form is still the most common material used for immobilisation of injured limbs. It is inexpensive and can be used with ease to produce a smooth, conforming and safe cast. Many of the synthetic materials now available for casting also have excellent conforming characteristics. They produce light and extremely durable casts, are less messy during application and their use is increasing.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Advances in corrosion casting methods.

This paper briefly discusses the concept of corrosion cast preparation (primarily of blood vessels), the use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study these casts and the observations which can be made, together with the merits and the limitations in various applications. A number of reviews and surveys are quoted in which the different injection media, injection methods, animal preparations and corrosion procedures are described. A new procedure of cleaning the corrosion casts with sodium hydroxide and Triton X-100 is described. The observations which can be made are listed and illustrated both on the cellular level as well as in organ systems as a whole. The discussion centers around some common misconceptions, the feasibility in various applications and the limitations of the method. The conclusion is that the method has proven to be useful especially in conjunction with other methods. Moreover, while the concept of the method may be very straight-forward the approach and the interpretation often need careful consideration and might not be as straight-forward as one tends to expect from the simple sounding principle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Fatigue of retentive clasps of removable partial dentures. Effect of alloys, thickness and casting techniques. 1].

The authors looked for the verification of the fatigue of retentive clasps utilized on the removable partial denture. According to this, it was idealized and built on assay machine, that through movements, simulate the insertion and removal of the clasp for a pattern tooth, manufactured on cobalt-chromium which has all the preparation normally utilized to the correct confection of this type of prosthesis. It was utilized three different commercial alloys based on cobalt-chromium: L1-Biosil; L2-Steldent; L3-Duracron. It was utilized the T clasp of Roach, with was tested upon three different proportions among width and thickness: E1-1.7;E2-2.0 and E3-2.3 and was casted through two casting techniques: F1-oxygen-gas and F2-oxygen-acetylene. The clasps were tested on the machine, which allowed the reading of the number of insertion and removal cycles made until fatigue appeared. The obtained results were submitted to the statistic analysis and the authors concluded that: a) L3 (Duracrom) obtained the best results followed by L1 (Biosil) and finally L3 (Steldent); b) among the analyzed thickness, the best results were obtained by E3, followed by E2 and after this E1; c) form the casting techniques, F2 gave us the best results.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A novel method for vacuum casting titanium.

A new method for vacuum casting titanium is described. The device allows decontamination of the mold before placing it into the casting machine. After wax elimination, the mold is placed into the device and sealed with a thin film of titanium. The air is evacuated from the mold, and it is flushed with helium. The process is repeated, and the casting is made when convenient.

Decontamination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of escape channels (vents) in reproduction of occlusal contacts and external surface of complete cast metal crowns].

The purpose of this investigation was to verify the influence of ventings on the reproduction of interocclusal contacts from the wax pattern to the cast crown and also to note the influence on surface quality. Comparatively were performed tests with no venting, with one joined on the outside of the full crown wax pattern and two ventings joined on the sprues (Fig. 2). The castings were obtained with a nickel-chrome alloy and investing was performed with phosphate bonded investment. From the results it was possible to conclude: casting without venting presented higher frequency of no reproduction of interocclusal contact points; when using one venting, joined on the outside of the crown wax pattern, the reproduction of the interocclusal contacts was 100%, the venting did not lead to high improvement on the surface quality.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMed1990

[Special ceramic hard substances as separating agents in cast-on procedures for the construction of precision attachments].

A new direct cast-on technology for the construction of telescopic crowns and precision attachments using non-precious alloys is described. Special ceramic hard substances, such as silicides and borides, are used as separating agents for the casting of the secondary structure. The application of the ceramic layers to the primary crown is accomplished with a chemical vapor deposition method. The layer thickness can be controlled and may range between some hundred nanometres and up to a few micrometres. The attainable gaps between primary and secondary casting range between 1 and 8 microns after separating and finishing.

Crowns↗
PubMed1989

Fracture repair with transfixation pins and fiberglass cast in llamas and small ruminants.

Transfixation pinning with fiberglass casting is an effective and adaptable method of longbone fracture fixation in llamas and small ruminants. Treatment of fractures in 7 limbs of 4 llamas and 2 small ruminants with this technique are described. Steinmann pins are placed transcortically proximal, and if necessary, distal to the fracture. The pin ends and limb are encased in fiberglass cast material. The cast is strong enough in animals of this size to eliminate the need for external frames or connecting bars. Severely comminuted fractures and fractures near joints are especially suited to fixation with this technique. Complications encountered in these cases included loosening of pins and one delayed union. All fractures healed to permit full use of the limb.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of compression fractures of the spine by repositioning and immobilization in hyperextensive plaster casts].

The treatment results of 57 patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically according to Daniaux. A comparison of the X-ray pictures taken immediately after injury and after reposition of displacement with those after removal of a plaster cast and at a follow-up examination revealed in all the patients improvement of various degree of the wedge-shaped deformation after reposition and application of a plaster cast. Loss of correction after removal of a plaster cast was found in 11 patients, mainly with the wedge shaped deformation and lowering also of the posterior part of the vertebral body. On final follow-up examination, loss of correction was found in further 12 patients. They were mainly patients aged over 50 years, most of them women, and patients with primary vertebral body deformation of over 1/3 of the height. The best results were obtained in young persons with the wedge-shaped deformation of the vertebral body of less than 1/3 of the original vertebral body height.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Thermal expansion of Au-Pd-Ag system alloys. Casting stress and deformation of addition of Sn and In].

To study the dimensional changes due to the release of casting stress in metal-ceramic alloys, a wheel-like pattern in which casting stress is liable to occur and rod- and barrel-like wax patterns in which the likelihood of such stress is low, were investigated with a phosphate-bonded investment compound. Furthermore, simultaneous casting was done using Au-Pd-Ag system alloys, 21 types of mother alloys and alloys with tin or indium or both, and accurate determinations of the thermal expansion rate with increased or decreased temperature were carried out. The results obtained were as follows. The mean thermal expansion rates of the mother alloys and the alloys with tin and indium upon increase and decrease of temperature were lowest for the large wheel-like pattern, followed by the small wheel-like pattern, rod-like pattern and barrel-like pattern, in that order. The mean thermal expansion rates of the mother alloys and the alloys with tin or indium or both were decreased when the palladium content was increased, but tended to increase when the silver content was higher. Gold had no influence on the thermal expansion rate. When the temperature decreased, the complex addition of tin and indium provided alloys showing only a slight deformation.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMed1989

Cast immobilization after total elbow arthroplasty. A safe cost-effective method of initial postoperative care.

Seventeen nonconstrained total elbow replacements were inserted in 12 patients. One patient died prior to the one-year follow-up examination, and two others required revision in the immediate postoperative period. The remaining 14 primary total elbow arthroplasties in 11 patients were included in this study. There were eight women and three men with an average age of 58.1 years. The diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis in 12 patients and posttraumatic arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis each in one patient. Postoperatively, patients were immobilized in a long arm cast. The mean hospital stay was 4.3 days. At four weeks, the patients were seen for cast removal. Instructions were given for range of motion (ROM) exercises and patients were encouraged to resume normal daily activities as tolerated. No formal physical therapy was prescribed. The average follow-up period was 32 months. Preoperatively, the mean elbow motions were flexion 124 degrees, extension 34 degrees, pronation 65 degrees, and supination 44 degrees. At the last follow-up examination, ROM had improved significantly in all directions except extension (flexion 141 degrees, extension 36 degrees, pronation 77 degrees, and supination 61 degrees). There was one ulnar nerve palsy that only partially resolved. Another patient's elbow had initially subluxed due to excessive shortening of the humerus; however, he had an excellent ROM and was asymptomatic at 31 months. There were no dislocations or wound healing problems. Cast immobilization provides an effective means of promoting soft-tissue healing, permitting early discharge from the hospital and simplifying the postoperative rehabilitation while achieving satisfactory ROM without formal physical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children by early spica casting.

Eighty-five children with femoral shaft fractures were studied prospectively to determine the benefits of early application of a single-hip spica cast. They were compared with 85 children with similar fractures treated by skin traction for 4 weeks followed by a spica cast for 2 weeks. The study revealed that femoral shaft fractures in children can be treated in a single-hip spica cast with results comparable to those achieved by traction. The additional advantages were substantial savings in cost, early reunion of child with parents and increased availability of beds.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Unstable femoral shaft fractures: a comparison of interlocking nailing versus traction and casting methods.

Among 60 femur fractures not amenable to fixation by simple intramedullary nailing, 30 were treated with balanced skeletal traction followed by cast bracing or spica casting, and 30 were treated with closed interlocking nailing. The criteria for using an interlocking nail were fractures with less than 50% cortical contact or fractures with rotationally insecure purchase of the nail in either the proximal or distal fragment. In terms of fracture severity, patient age, injury severity, and clinical follow-up, the patient groups were similar. There were three open fractures in each group. The average hospital stay was 61 days for the traction group, and 19 days for the interlocking nail group (p less than 0.001). Time to clinical and radiographic union averaged 34 weeks with traction and casting and 18 weeks with interlocking nail fixation (p less than 0.001). Failure by the criteria of Johnson et al (2) occurred in 67% of the traction group and in 3% of the interlocking nail group (p less than 0.001). Minor complications were more common in the traction group. On the basis of this study and the experience of others, interlocking nail fixation appears to be the method of choice for managing unstable femoral shaft fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cast brace treatment of proximal tibia fractures. A ten-year follow-up study.

The long-term outcome of tibial plateau fractures treated by cast bracing was observed in 29 patients sustaining 30 tibial plateau fractures more than ten years after injury. Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation was performed and showed 61% good results overall. Range of motion averaged 117 degrees. Iowa knee score averaged 71 of 100 possible points. Thirty-two percent of the patients developed moderate or severe roentgenographic posttraumatic degenerative arthritis. Minimally displaced fractures were observed to do very well clinically without roentgenographic evidence of degenerative joint disease after a ten-year follow-up period. Seventy percent of displaced bicondylar fractures developed degenerative joint disease in clinical and roentgenographic evaluation. Cast bracing of minimally displaced fractures gave satisfactory results, whereas cast bracing of more complex fractures produced variable functional results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advantages of a 400 speed image receptor system for cast radiography.

By using a faster intensifying screen as opposed to the traditional extremity system for cast radiography, one can reduce the dose to the patient significantly while maintaining quality cast radiographs. In this study a 400 speed Lanex Regular, TMG film system was compared to a 100 speed Lanex Fine, TMG film system. The findings suggest that slow speed, high resolution systems are unnecessary for cast radiography. Evidence demonstrated reduced patient exposure and suggested decreased motion and increased tube life as a result of shorter exposures.

Casts, Surgical↗