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PubMed1980

Effects of prostacyclin on aspecifically and specifically induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.

The efficacy of prostacyclin in preventing aspecifically and specifically induced bronchoconstriction was evaluated in a single-blind cross-over study in 3 groups of asthmatic patients. Prostacyclin was given by inhalation in doses of 250 microgram in women and 500 microgram in men. Ultrasonic mist of H2O (group 1), physical exercise on cycloergometer (group 2) and pneumoallergens (group 3) were used as bronchial stimulant agents. Prostacyclin gave a very good protection in the first 2 groups, but was ineffective in the third. An increase in heart rate was observed immediately after the inhalation of prostacyclin: this effect was particularly evident in women in whom a significant decrease in diastolic pressure was noted too.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction with reproterol, a new beta agonist-xanthine derivative.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a new bronchodilator, reproterol with standard bronchodilators terbutaline and theophylline in patients with allergic asthma. Efficacy was determined by measuring the initial bronchodilating effect and the inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. In a double-blind, randomized, controlled study with single doses of medication, patients were given reproterol (20 mg and 30 mg), anhydrous theophylline (200 mg), terbutaline (5 mg) and placebo prior to challenge with antigen. Prior to administration of antigen both reproterol and terbutaline had measurable bronchodilating effect when compared to placebo. The bronchodilating effect of theophylline was less than placebo. In comparison to placebo both doses of reproterol and terbutaline significantly attenuated the response to antigen challenge whereas the effect of theophylline was negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Bronchoconstrictive side effects of timolol eye drops in patients with obstructive lung disease].

A double-blind crossover study in seven patients with glaucoma and obstructive lung disease revealed a considerable and significant bronchoconstrictive side effect on topically administered timolol maleat. Comparative treatment of these patients with an ophthalmic solution containing 3% carbachol did not yield a statistically significant bronchial reaction. However, the observation of serious lung function impairment in three patients suggests that carbachol is not a safe alternative for the treatment of glaucoma in patients with obstructive lung disease. Whenever a deterioration of airway obstruction occurs in elderly patients, or bronchial asthma becomes manifest late in life, topically administered beta-adrenergic-receptor blocking and cholinergic agents must be considered causative factors: optimal communication between all physicians caring for glaucoma patients is an essential prerequisite.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A specifically induced bronchoconstriction by distilled water in children and adults.

Respiratory function (FVC, FEV1, FMF and FEF200-1200) was measured before and after nebulized distilled water in 68 subjects divided in the five following groups: a) 21 healthy children (age range 7 to 15 years); b) 10 children with asthma (age range 6 to 11 years); c) 10 children with cystic fibrosis (age from 5 to 15 years); d) 7 children with different diseases of the respiratory system (age range from 6 to 11 years); e) 20 healthy adults (aged from 18 to 33 years). The only statistically significant changes were noted in the asthmatic children group. We conclude that a specifically induced bronchoconstriction by nebulized distilled water is a good mean of assessing bronchial lability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Betelnut chewing causes bronchoconstriction in some asthma patients.

A previous questionnaire interview had revealed that betelnut chewing may aggravate asthma in 61% of asthma patients attending an outpatient clinic at Port Moresby General Hospital; the rest said it had no effect. The aim of the present study was to verify patients' subjective feelings through objective measurements. 7 asthma patients (Group C) who said betelnut aggravated their asthma, 8 asthma patients (Group B) who denied any effect and 8 nonasthmatic, healthy subjects (Group A) were given betelnut with accompanying ingredients and asked to chew as they would usually chew it. Their spirometric forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) readings, heart rate and blood pressure were monitored before and after this challenge. Group A nonasthmatic subjects experienced only minor rises and falls in their FEV1 in response to betelnut chewing. 3 patients in Group B experienced overall rises (mean maximal % rise 25 +/- 19) while 5 patients had overall falls (mean maximal % fall 11 +/- 6). In Group C 1 patient had an overall rise in her FEV1 (maximal rise 10%) while 6 patients had falls (mean maximal % fall 22 +/- 7). In all groups the heart rate increased in response to betelnut. Betelnut chewing caused bronchoconstriction as demonstrated by decreases in FEV1 in a majority of the asthmatic patients studied; hence betelnut may act as a trigger factor for their asthma. In a few others increases in FEV1 were noted, while the rest experienced only minor changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction in Nigerian asthmatics.

This study describes the result of free-running exercise performed on 40 asthmatic subjects and 40 age and sex matched controls. A percentage fall of more than 15% in PEFR was used for the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). 77.5% of our asthmatic patients had exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) while none of the control subjects exhibited EIB. Twenty-seven patients gave positive history of EIA out of which 25 (92.59%) had positive exercise testing. Conversely, 13 patients with asthma did not give history of EIA but 6 of this (46.15%) were found to have EIB on exercise. History alone is therefore insufficient to diagnose patients with exercise-induced asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Critical role of CD23 in allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in a murine model of allergic asthma.

CD23-deficient and anti-CD23 monoclonal antibody-treated mice were used to investigate the role of the low-affinity receptor for IgE (CD23) in allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). While there were no significant differences in ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE titers and tissue eosinophilia, evaluation of lung function demonstrated that CD23-/- mice showed an increased AHR to methacholine (MCh) when compared to wild-type mice but were completely resistant to the OVA challenge. Anti-CD23 Fab fragment treatment of wild-type mice did not affect the MCh-induced AHR but significantly reduced the OVA-induced airway constriction. These results imply a novel role for CD23 in lung inflammation and suggest that anti-CD23 Fab fragment treatment may be of therapeutic use in allergic asthma.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Protective effect of albuterol delivered via a spacer device (Babyhaler) against methacholine induced bronchoconstriction in young wheezy children.

Nine young asthmatic children aged 2-5 years underwent methacholine challenge after placebo or albuterol administered by metered dose inhaler through a spacer device (Babyhaler) with a face mask in a double-blind, cross-over, randomized study. The methacholine challenge was performed using chest auscultation to define the provocative concentration of methacholine that causes wheezing (PCW). The PCW increased from a geometric mean of 0.28 mg/mL after placebo to 3.59 mg/mL after albuterol (P < 0.0001). The protective effect of albuterol against methacholine-induced bronchospasm was 3.7 +/- 1.2 doubling doses. We conclude that administration of drugs from a metered dose inhaler through the Babyhaler with a face mask is effective. Albuterol causes a major reduction in the bronchial hyperreactivity in young wheezy children shortly after administration.

Albuterol↗
PubMed2005

Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms are poor predictors of bronchoconstriction.

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a possible cause of poor physical performance in children. No data are available on the value of respiratory symptoms to discriminate children with bad physical fitness from children with EIA. We evaluated respiratory symptoms in school-age children during and after exercise in relation to EIA. The population of 149 primary schools (849 classes with 15,241 children) was enrolled in the study. EIB was assessed using the 6-min free-running-test (6MFRT) in 15,241 children. At the end or at premature arrest of the 6MFRT, signs reported by the children and clinical symptoms observed by supervising physicians were recorded. Peak flow measurements were obtained before and 5 and 10 min after the 6MFRT, a decrease of 15% or more being defined as significant. The 6MFRT was positive in 7.4% of primary schoolchildren. Girls were more likely to have a positive test than boys (8.5% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001), and children living in urban areas more than those living in rural areas (8.9% vs. 7.0%, P < 0.01). Premature arrest was seen in 3.5% (i.e., n = 353) of the children. The main reasons for premature arrest were dyspnea and chest pain. Among them, only 21% had a positive 6MFRT, while 89% with a positive 6MFRT could terminate the test. Premature arrest, breathlessness, chest tightness, wheezing, and cough had a positive predictive value to detect a EIA of 21.9%, 20.8%, 36.4%, 41.2%, and 28.3%, respectively, and a sensitivity of 10.8%, 29.5%, 14.9%, 4.8%, and 13.0%, respectively. In conclusion, EIA was detected in 7.4% of schoolchildren. A slightly higher incidence was observed in girls and children from an urban area. Neither premature arrest nor clinical signs and symptoms were good predictors of EIA in primary schoolchildren.

Asthma, Exercise-Induced↗
PubMed1997

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, and thromboxane release in perfused rat lung.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes broncho- and vasoconstriction in the rat isolated perfused lung and induces the release of thromboxane and prostacyclin. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE) is known to relax airway and vascular smooth muscle and it attenuates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, we examined whether and how rolipram (specific for PDE IV) and motapizone (specific for PDE III) affect ET-1-elicited changes in lung function. 5 microM motapizone attenuated broncho- and vasoconstriction to a greater extent than 5 microM rolipram. Simultaneous pretreatment with both PDE inhibitors protected completely. Thromboxane release was suppressed by rolipram, but not by motapizone. Prostacyclin release was neither influenced by single, nor by combined pretreatment with either compound. We conclude that combined inhibition of PDE III and IV counteracts ET-1-elicited pressor- and inflammatory actions in the lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition by calcitonin gene-related peptide of agonist-induced bronchoconstriction in various mammals including man.

The effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the smooth muscle of mammalian airways has been investigated in vitro. CGRP itself lacked contractile activity but reduced responses evoked by bronchoconstrictor agents via a post-junctional action. The inhibitory effect of CGRP was concentration-related and greatest in distal airways. The results suggest that CGRP may contribute to regulating muscular tone in the tracheobronchial tree.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Human eosinophil major basic protein augments bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous agonists in guinea pigs.

The direct effect of intratracheal (IT) administration of human major basic protein (MBP) on pulmonary inspiratory pressure (PIP), and the effect on agonist-induced change in PIP, were determined in anesthetized, ventilated guinea pigs. 500 micrograms MBP increased PIP from 24.1 +/- 4.3 to 49.8 +/- 7.4 cmH2O (p < 0.002, n = 10). Maximum PIP was achieved within 30 min after 500 micrograms MBP. The direct PIP response to 250 micrograms MBP was not different from vehicle. The PIP responses to intravenous (IV) acetylcholine (Ach) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured before and after administration of 250 micrograms MBP (n = 12). MBP caused a modest, but significant potentiation of the increase in PIP induced by 1, 3 and 10 micrograms/kg Ach (24, 32 and 28%, respectively, p < 0.02) and to 1 microgram/kg 5-HT (43% p < 0.02). We conclude that MBP at a dose that does not directly affect inspiratory pressure is capable of augmenting the PIP response to IV Ach and 5-HT in vivo.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Bronchoconstriction and delayed rapid shallow breathing induced by cigarette smoke inhalation in anesthetized rats.

Bronchomotor and ventilatory responses to inhalation of cigarette smoke (50% concentration, 6 ml) were studied in anesthetized and vagotomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Low-nicotine cigarette smoke did not cause any detectable delayed response, whereas high-nicotine cigarette smoke induced rapid, shallow breathing, and a marked increase in airway resistance (RL). The increase in f reached a peak (delta f = 43 +/- 8%) at the 5th breath after the onset of smoke inhalation, preceding both the decrease in VT (delta VT = -27 +/- 4%) and the increase in RL (delta RL = 89 +/- 19%); the latter 2 reached their peaks at approximately the 10th breath, displaying a similar temporal pattern of responses between them. The bronchomotor response to high-nicotine cigarette smoke was slightly attenuated but not prevented by prior administration of isoproterenol (0.2 mg/kg, intravenously [iv]), nor was the smoke-induced rapid, shallow breathing. In contrast, prior administration of mecamylamine (0.9 mg/kg, iv) completely abolished both the bronchomotor and ventilatory responses to smoke inhalation, indicating that nicotine is the primary causative agent responsible for these changes.

Airway Resistance↗