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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Physiological effects of back belt wearing during asymmetric lifting.

This study investigated the effect of wearing a back belt on subjects' heart rate, oxygen consumption, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiratory frequency during asymmetric repetitive lifting. Thirty subjects with materials-handling experience utilized three different belts (ten subjects per belt). Subjects completed six 30-min lifting sessions--three while wearing a belt and three without. Data analyses were conducted on the second, third, and fourth lifting periods. A 9.4 kg box, without handles, was lifted 3 times/min, starting at 10 cm above the floor, ending at 79 cm, with a 60 degree twist to the right. Data analysis indicates that belt-wearing did not have a significant effect on the overall mean values for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiratory frequency. Belt-wearing had a significant effect on the overall mean oxygen consumption of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Reliability and validity of self-reported assessment of exposure and outcome variables for manual lifting tasks: a preliminary investigation.

The reliability and validity of self-reported assessment of exposure and outcome variables were examined for manual lifting activities among ten physiotherapists. In this study, the participants evaluated the effects of five lifting variables on perceived effort, twice separated by a one-week period. One hundred and sixty-two lifting conditions were evaluated by each subject. The exposure and outcome lifting variables were described in linguistic terms. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC(1,1)) analysis revealed a mean value of 0.62 for all lifting activities. The self-reported assessment was cross-validated with the NIOSH lifting index by mapping the linguistic variables into numerical ranges. Moderate correlations (r = 0.54 and 0.53, p<0.01) were obtained between perceived physical exertion/perceived risk and lifting index. The findings of this study provide preliminary indications that human-based methodologies may be further explored on experienced workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of changes in work methods on musculoskeletal load. An intervention study in the trailer assembly.

The purpose of this case study was to identify the work cycles imposing high loads on the upper limb and low-back among trailer assembly workers for an ergonomic intervention. Several changes in work methods, tools and work organisation were implemented. The number of repetitions of fundamental work cycles and wrist posture were recorded from the video. Exposure imposed on the upper extremity in driving screws and drilling was computed based on experiments on force and time requirements. In lifting or carrying, the dose imposed on the low-back was computed based on the load moment on the L5/S1 disk and duration of the cycle. It was shown that after the intervention most workers worked less with deviated wrist and the cumulative exposure on the upper extremity was lower in furniture fixing tasks. Lifting with twisted torso was reduced. It was concluded that with relatively simple and low-cost solutions exposure to important risk factors of upper extremity and low-back disorders could be reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An observation instrument for assessment of work technique in patient transfer tasks.

The aim of the study was to construct an observation instrument for description and assessment of nursing personnel's work technique in patient transfer tasks with regard to musculoskeletal health and safety, and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument. The instrument consists of 24 items arranged in three phases of a transfer: the preparation phase, the starting position and the actual performance. Observations are made from video recordings. A detailed description of the individual's work technique, including actions taken to prepare the transfer, the interaction with the patient and any assistant co-worker, and the motor performance of the nurse, is provided. An attempt was made to quantify the assessments, by calculating an overall score of the work technique with regard to the level of musculoskeletal hazard and safety. The validity and reliability of the instrument were evaluated on 35 video-recorded patient transfers from hospital wards. The validity and reliability were mostly satisfactory, both when evaluating the agreements between the observations of each item (i.e. kappa values > 0.40), and when evaluating the agreements between the overall scores (i.e. intraclass correlation coefficients 0.71-0.90). Further improvements to enhance the agreements are suggested.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2000

A new approach to applying feedforward neural networks to the prediction of musculoskeletal disorder risk.

A new and improved method to feedforward neural network (FNN) development for application to data classification problems, such as the prediction of levels of low-back disorder (LBD) risk associated with industrial jobs, is presented. Background on FNN development for data classification is provided along with discussions of previous research and neighborhood (local) solution search methods for hard combinatorial problems. An analytical study is presented which compared prediction accuracy of a FNN based on an error-back propagation (EBP) algorithm with the accuracy of a FNN developed by considering results of local solution search (simulated annealing) for classifying industrial jobs as posing low or high risk for LBDs. The comparison demonstrated superior performance of the FNN generated using the new method. The architecture of this FNN included fewer input (predictor) variables and hidden neurons than the FNN developed based on the EBP algorithm. Independent variable selection methods and the phenomenon of 'overfitting' in FNN (and statistical model) generation for data classification are discussed. The results are supportive of the use of the new approach to FNN development for applications to musculoskeletal disorders and risk forecasting in other domains.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2003

Synergistic effect of bismuth subgallate and borneol, the major components of Sulbogin, on the healing of skin wound.

Most skin lesions heal delay and even heal efficiently within 1-2 weeks, the healed tissue is neither aesthetically nor functionally perfect. Therefore, facilitating skin healing rate and controlling healed skin quality are major aims of drug treatment for a wound event. Bismuth subgallate (BS) and Borneol (BO) are the two components of Sulbogin, a new Vaseline-based wound healing ointment, one for treating skin wounds. Although BO has antibiotic function, while BS is widely used clinically, neither has been used specifically for wound healing. The experiment described here aimed to study the effect of BS and BO on the healing of skin wounds. This study also compared the effects of BS and BO with Flamazine cream, which is currently the most popular drug for wound healing in hospitals. Full-thickness wounds (3 cm x 3 cm x 0.2 cm) were created on the back of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. BS, BO, BS+BO, and Flamazine were then evenly applied to cheesecloth and placed over the lesion areas. The drug patches were replaced every 2-3 days until the wound areas were completely covered by epidermis in any kinds of drug treatment. The combined BS and BO treatment had the best effect on healing by decreasing lesion area, while increasing granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, eating behavior and reconstitution of skin appendages. This investigation showed that BS and BO have a synergistic effect on the skin wound restoration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

[Giant renal angiomyolipoma disclosed by mild lumbar trauma and treated with nephrectomy: report of a case].

A case of giant angiomyolipoma of the kidney discovered during the study of a light lumbar trauma is presented. Disseminated tuberous sclerosis lesions are demonstrated at the brain, cerebellum, liver and contralateral kidney. External cutaneous stigmas of this illness are shown at the face. The size of the viscera and the loss of function of the left kidney conditioned the nephrectomy. The piece weighed upon extracting 6300 g, without malignant signs. To the microscopic exam atrophic sclerosis for compression was demonstrated. The postoperative course was satisfactory. Actually his arterial tension is controlled by medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The efficacy of training for three manual handling strategies based on the observation of expert and novice workers.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of training for three manual handling strategies, i.e. load tilting/hands positioning, shoulders positioning and feet orientation based on the observation of the contrasted strategies of expert and novice workers and free practice using a search approach. DESIGN: Ten novice male workers were tested at pre-training (one trial) and post-training with homogeneous boxes (three trials) and heterogeneous boxes (two trials) sampled from two sessions. Training took place with homogeneous boxes whereas heterogeneous boxes were new situations. BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of training programs in safe handling and the repetition of specified techniques are contested; they should rather be based on expert workers' strategies. METHODS: Pre-training and post-training trials were analyzed with five video cameras and a large force plate. The biomechanical variables included three safety criteria: net 3D resulting moments at L5/S1, asymmetry of posture/efforts at L5/S1 and mechanical work on load; kinematics and ergonomic variables were used as explicative variables. RESULTS: Training produced safer strategies by reducing mechanical work and back extensor moments; this occurred in both load conditions, an indication of the transfer of knowledge. These strategies consisted of changes in load maneuvers (tilting/hand positioning) and feet orientation. CONCLUSIONS: Training programs should be based on observations of workers. RELEVANCE: These results may guide the specialists involved in training programs. Training based on a search approach by the learner and anchored on observations of contrasted strategies (load tilts/hands positioning and feet orientation) by experts and novices appears promising for safe handling.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The management of stab wounds to the back.

The management of stab wounds to the back is controversial. There are certain clear indications for exploratory laparotomy, but most cases require a diagnostic workup and a period of observation. In this article, different diagnostic modalities are presented, including local wound exploration, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, triple-contrast abdominal CT scan, and intravenous pyelography (IVP). Recommendations for management are given, with emphasis on abdominal CT scan and observation.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Restoration of elbow flexion using the latissimus dorsi musculo-cutaneous flap.

The latissimus dorsi myo-cutaneous flap has been used for restoration of elbow flexion in 8 cases. The indication for this transposition were brachial plexus injuries, significant trauma to the upper limb and restoration of arm contour. The surgical technique involved unipolar muscular transposition (4 cases) with tendon plication (one case) and bipolar transposition (three cases). The evaluation of results is based on the force and degree of elbow flexion, active pronation and supination, as cortical integration. We consider that we have obtained good results in 5 cases and moderate results in three. We think that the latissimus dorsi pedicle transfer for restoring elbow flexion, is an excellent procedure which can give a good functional result with minimal donor site sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Lighten the load.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Back Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partitioning the contributing role of biomechanical, psychosocial, and individual risk factors in the development of spine loads.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The role of biomechanical workplace factors in spine loading has been well documented. However, our understanding of the role of psychosocial and individual factors in producing spine loads is poorly understood. Even less is understood about the relative contribution of these factors with respect to kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity responses, as well as spine loading. PURPOSE: To explore the relative contribution of biomechanical and psychosocial workplace factors and individual characteristics on the biomechanical responses and spine loading. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: The contribution of various levels of workplace factors to spine loading was monitored under laboratory conditions. PATIENT SAMPLE: Sixty (30 male and 30 female) college-age individuals who were asymptomatic to low back pain. OUTCOME MEASURES: Trunk kinematics and kinetics, muscle activity and the three-dimensional spinal loads. METHODS: The subjects performed lifting tasks while being exposed to varying levels of biomechanical (lift rate, load weight and task asymmetry) and psychosocial (social support and mental concentration) workplace factors as well as an unexplored (load placement) workplace factor. RESULTS: The workplace job demands that had the largest contribution were load placement (4% to 30%) and load weight (15% to 55%). Mental concentration and social environment had a relatively small contribution to the spinal loads (up to 0.2%). Anthropometry played a large role in the shears (about 12% to 58%) but a relatively minor role in the compressive forces (about 3%). CONCLUSIONS: Under the given experimental conditions, load weight is the most important factor when controlling compression forces associated with lifting, but other factors, such as individual characteristics, significantly contribute to the shear loads. Thus, one must account for the weight lifted and the anthropometric dimensions when designing the workplace. For the first time, the relative contribution of workplace job demands and individual factors in the development of spine loading have been identified.

Adult↗