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At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibodies against bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450(11 beta) and cytochrome P-450SCC. Their isolation, characterization and application to immunohistochemical analysis of adrenal cortex.

Seven monoclonal antibodies directed against bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-45011 beta were isolated. They were found to be immunoglobulins each having distinct affinity to the antigen. Five clones had IgG1 heavy chains, whereas the other two had IgG2b heavy chains. All the clones had kappa light chains. All the monoclonal antibodies recognized a protein among mitochondrial proteins of bovine adrenal cortex, whose mol. wt, 50,000, was the same as that of cytochrome P-45011 beta. Among the monoclonal antibodies isolated, monoclonal antibody 258 recognized a protein of Mr 50,000 in rat adrenal mitochondria, a protein of Mr 47,000 in pig adrenocortical mitochondria, a protein of Mr 50,000 in guinea pig adrenal mitochondria, a protein of Mr 55,000 in rabbit adrenal mitochondria and a protein of Mr 50,000 in human adrenocortical mitochondria. These results suggest that each of these proteins, having a mol. wt around 50,000, recognized by monoclonal antibody 258 is very likely to be the cytochrome P-45011 beta of adrenocortical mitochondria of each animal species. Monoclonal antibody 42718 inhibited by 50% the steroid hydroxylation activity of cytochrome P-45011 beta. In addition to the monoclonal antibodies against cytochrome P-45011 beta, three monoclonal antibodies directed against bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450SCC were also isolated and characterized. Immunohistochemical staining of bovine adrenal cortex with the use of these two kinds of monoclonal antibodies revealed that the contents of both cytochrome P-45011 beta and cytochrome P-450SCC were greater in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis than in the zona glomerulosa. Electron microscopical observation of immunoperoxidase-stained preparations confirmed the presence of these cytochromes in the mitochondria.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

[Adrenal cortex function in patients with AIDS and healthy HIV-positive persons].

Adrenal function was estimated by synthetic ACTH test in 18 men with AIDS (or AIDS-related complex) and compared with that of 10 HIV positive but otherwise healthy men. According to this test none fulfilled the criteria for adrenal insufficiency defined as plasma cortisol concentration less than 500 nmol/l 30 minutes after ACTH stimulation. Seven of eighteen AIDS patients had baseline cortisol concentrations above 0.5 mumol/l compared to none in the HIV-positive group. Three of eighteen AIDS patients had a limited response to synthetic ACTH injection compared to none in the HIV-positive group. Two of these three AIDS patients had lowered serum Na+ concentration; they survived for two and three weeks, respectively. Otherwise the basal cortisol level and response to synthetic ACTH was uncorrelated with survival time, other signs of adrenal insufficiency, treatment with ketokonazole, CMV-infection, T-helper cell count or Th/Ts-ratio. The pituitary-adrenal axis was estimated by measuring the diurnal rhythm of serum ACTH and cortisol in eight patients and was found intact and normal in all of them. Thus, absolute adrenal insufficiency is uncommon in AIDS-patients. Relative adrenal insufficiency may occur in severely ill preterminal patients as a result of primary target organ failure, but the pituitary-adrenal axis generally appears to be undisturbed.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1996

Marked increases in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA and NADPH-diaphorase histostaining in adrenal cortex after immobilization stress in rats.

The changes of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA expression in the rat adrenal gland following immobilization-induced stress were examined by the in situ hybridization technique. To introduce immobilization stress, the animals were wrapped with flexible wire gauze for 6 h. In the adrenal medulla and cortex, signals for nNOS mRNA were detected. In the adrenal medulla, the difference between non-stressed and stressed animals was not clear. In the adrenal cortex, the expression of nNOS mRNA markedly increased (2.5-fold) in the stressed animals. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase) histochemistry also showed an increase of staining in adrenal cortex after stress. This suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in stress-induced activation in adrenal cortex function.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1986

Chronic estradiol treatment decreases angiotensin II receptor density in the anterior pituitary gland and adrenal cortex but not in the mesenteric artery.

Chronic estrogen treatment has been shown to produce a marked reduction in anterior pituitary angiotensin II (AII) receptor density. In order to determine whether this effect is generalized, we studied the effect of chronic estradiol treatment on AII receptor density in the anterior pituitary gland, adrenal cortex and mesenteric artery of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Treated rats were injected daily with 25 micrograms of estradiol valerate while controls received only the vehicle. Binding affinity and density of AII receptors were measured using the AII antagonist [125I]-Sar1Ile8 AII ([125I]-SARILE). Following 7-, 14- or 28-day treatments, AII receptor density decreased by approximately 80% in the anterior pituitary; 30% in the adrenal cortex and remained the same in mesenteric artery particulate fractions. In all 3 target tissues, dissociation constants (KD) for binding of [125I]-SARILE were in the nanomolar range and were the same between control and treated rats. Using conscious rats, estradiol treatment for 7 days was also shown to block the release of aldosterone by low dose infusions of AII (10 ng/min, 30 min). Plasma AII and plasma renin activity were also the same or slightly decreased following estradiol treatments. This study suggests that estrogens may be important modulators of the AII receptor and may be directly involved in modulating target cell responsiveness to AII as expressed through differential down-regulation of AII receptors.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1989

Porcine brain natriuretic peptide receptor in bovine adrenal cortex.

The action of porcine brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP) on the steroidogenesis was investigated in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells. Porcine BNP induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of both ACTH- and A II-stimulated aldosterone secretion. 10(-8) M and 10(-7) M pBNP also significantly inhibited ACTH-stimulated cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) secretions. Binding studies of [125I]-pBNP to bovine adrenocortical membrane fractions showed that adrenal cortex had high-affinity and low-capacity pBNP binding sites, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.70 x 10(-10) M and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 19.9 fmol/mg protein. Finally, the 135 Kd radioactive band was specially visualized in the affinity labeling of bovine adrenal cortex with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS). These results suggest that pBNP may have receptor-mediated suppressive actions on bovine adrenal steroidogenesis, similar to that in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2000

Different populations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors expressed in the bovine adrenal cortex.

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor forms a tetrameric channel responsible for the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. In the present study we showed that the experimental approach used to separate bound and free ligands may discriminate between two populations of InsP3 binding sites in bovine adrenal cortex microsomes. A large population of low affinity sites and a small population of high affinity sites were detected with centrifugation and filtration approaches, respectively. Both populations were found in the supernatant and the cytoskeleton fractions of Triton X-100 solubilized microsomes. After treatment of microsomes with thimerosal, an alkylating reagent known to increase InsP3 receptor affinity, the filtration and the centrifugation approaches yielded identical results. With selective anti-InsP3 receptor antibodies, we showed that types 1, 2 and 3 InsP3 receptors are present in intact microsomes and in the cytoskeleton fraction. Binding studies on immunoprecipitated receptors revealed that anti-type 1 antibody recognizes a large population of low affinity sites whereas anti-type 2 antibody recognizes a small population of high affinity sites. Our results indicate that the three types of InsP3 receptors are expressed at different levels in the bovine adrenal cortex. The presence of different types of InsP3 receptors with different ligand binding affinities and their association with the cytoskeleton offer a convenient way for the cell to simultaneously regulate its intracellular Ca2+ concentration and reorganize the spatial distribution of its Ca2+ stores.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2005

[Functional morphology of adrenal cortex in aging rat under the influence of barocameral hypoxia].

The aim of the study was the assessment of adrenocorticocytes morphology in aging rat under the influence of hypobaric hypoxia. Adrenocorticocytes samples were collected from 11-18 months age 15 albino males under chronic hypobaric hypoxia of 60 days duration. The exposure time was 2 hours, pO2 was decreasing till 364-372 mm Hg. Histology, histochemistry and electronmicroscopic techniques were used to assess the weight and thickness of adrenal cortex. Remarkable fibrosis, decreasing of weight (14%) and thickness of zone glomerulosa (37%) and z. fasciculata (24%) were detected. Involution of cells and cellular organelles (lipid droplets), activation of scavenger cells and secondary lysosomes play a crucial role in secretory function depletion of glandular cells. There were revealed the giant mitochondria in Z. glomerulosa glandular cells. Morphological analysis have shown the involutive influence of hypoxia on the adrenal cortex conditioned by age.

Adrenal Cortex↗