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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Occurrence of hereditary bullous epidermolyses in Croatia.

To determine the occurrence of hereditary bullous epidermolyses (EB) in Croatia, Yugoslavia, from 1960 to 1987, cases were gathered from the hospital files of dermatologic and pediatric clinics and departments throughout the area. The diagnosis of EB type was made on the basis of clinical features, patients' histories, and light microscopy and electron microscopy findings. Fifty families with 58 patients were registered; 44 patients were examined personally by one of the authors. The most frequent type of EB in Croatia was recessive dystrophic EB Hallopeau-Siemens, occurring in 35 of the 58 individuals. Regional accumulation of cases within the Varazdin area was noted (13 patients). Prevalence of EB in Croatia is 0.956 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. One case of recessive dystrophic EB Hallopeau-Siemens occurred in about every 52,000 live births.

Epidermolysis Bullosa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Febrile seizures: clinical characteristics and initial EEG.

We examined the relationship between clinical characteristics and EEG classification in all children with febrile seizures examined at the University Pediatric Clinic, Skopje, Yugoslavia between 1982 and 1984. This is the only facility in Macedonia providing EEG or neurologic consultation for children. EEGs were classified as paroxysmally abnormal if they contained spikes, sharp waves, or spike-wave complexes considered abnormal for age. In all, 22% of the 676 children had an abnormal initial EEG. The most common basis for classification as abnormal was spike-wave complexes greater than 3 Hz; the next most common basis was the presence of spikes. Birth weight, gender, accompanying illness, and family history of seizures, and whether the index seizure was single or multiple were not associated with differences in rate of abnormal EEG. Clinically focal index seizures and longer duration were associated with EEG abnormality. Number of previous febrile seizures was associated with an increasing rate of EEG abnormality, from 18% in children with no previous seizures to 63% in those with four or more previous seizures. Age at EEG was linearly related to likelihood of paroxysmal EEG abnormality, both for the total cohort and for the 376 children with no previous seizures. In the total cohort, logistic regression identified leading predictors of abnormal initial EEG to be older age, number of previous febrile seizures, preexisting motor abnormality, and focal seizures. For children with a first febrile seizure, leading predictors were focal seizure, older age, and preexisting motor abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Survival in 1,431 pacemaker patients: prognostic factors and comparison with the general population.

A total of 1,431 patients (mean age 63.4 +/- 14.1) with pacemakers (96.2% VVI) primoimplanted between 1967 and 1985 were followed for a mean duration of 78.2 +/- 40 pacing months, with 0.6% loss to follow-up. Cumulative survival for 1, 3, and 10 years was 0.9427, 0.9136, and 0.7536, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between atrioventricular block (AVB) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS) patients. In addition to age and gender, factors existent prior to implantation that independently affected prognosis included manifest coronary heart disease (CHD), congenital/acquired heart lesions, heart failure, noncardiac internal disease, syncope, and generalized fatigue. After implantation, the most important factor was generalized fatigue, then age, stroke, myocardial infarct (MI), gender (male), heart failure, and syncope. Patients with no underlying disease showed an extremely high cumulative survival (0.9173 at 10 years). Compared to the general population of Yugoslavia, the pacemaker patients showed a similar yearly mortality rate until 1981. After that, elderly males (70+) had a significantly lower yearly mortality than the matched population. Thus, in this large series of pacemaker patients followed into the most recent period with an extremely low loss to follow-up, short- and long-term survival was very high. Pacemaker patients of any age who are otherwise in good health have an excellent prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Gynecological complaints and war traumas. A study from Zenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina during the war.

BACKGROUND: During the war in former Yugoslavia people endured great suffering. Although many had sought refuge in other countries, the majority remained within Bosnia-Herzegovina. Special service for women within the war zone was urgently needed. A Women's Therapy Center was established in Zenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina offering reproductive health services and psychosocial assistance. The aim of the study was to establish the most commonly occurring gynecological problems during different periods in the war and relate these to war traumas. METHODS: Information from 486 records of consecutive gynecological consultations in four different periods during in 1993/94 were retrospectively recorded. RESULTS: Vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and amenorrhea were the most commonly occurring problems. A higher proportion of pregnant women requested legal abortion in the first period compared to later periods when the situation was improved. In 14 (3%) of the consultations a history of rape during the war was recorded. Additionally 42 (9%) had suffered from other types of war traumas. The reporting of war traumas was significantly related to suffering from pelvic pain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The focus on the need of victims of rape during war has highlighted the need for reproductive services as part of emergency situations. The suffering of war traumas has to be taken into account in the handling of gynecological problems in this situation.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1978

A longitudinal study of oral health in immigrant children in Sweden.

Children immigrating into Sweden from Finland and Southern Europe (Greece, Yugoslavia and Turkey) were subjected to a longitudinal study on caries activity and gingival condition. For each immigrant child a Swedish "twin" of the same sex and age was used as a control. Out of 124 pairs originally examined, 75 were reexamined after a 2 1/2-year stay in Sweden. The study showed that on arrival in Sweden the Finnish children had more caries and a higher Gingival Index (GI) than the controls and that they acquired more carious lesions during their stay in this country. Their GI, however, did not develop less favorably than that of the Swedish controls. The South-European children did not seem to have more carious lesions than the Swedish controls on arriving, nor did they seem to acquire more carious lesions during the period of observation. Their GI was higher at the first examination but the change in this index ran parallel with that of the controls. It was concluded that the children immigrating from Finland should be considered a risk group with regard to oral health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cost analysis of 3 years of topical fluoride application.

The article gives additional information about the 3-year study of caries reduction after topical application of 4% NaF-PO4 in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. The caries reduction obtained was about 20% after topical fluoride application once a year (Group 2) and about 30% after topical fluoride application twice a year (Group 3). Data on costs of treatment and dentist's working time required are given. The costs of repair and topical fluoride application during the 3-year experimental period were in Group 2 72% and in Group 3 158% higher than in the Control Group. The dentist's working time for repair and topical fluoride application during the experimental period was in Group 2 33% and in Group 3 80% higher than in the Control Group. It seems to be of special interest that the dentist's working time spent for total tooth repair per child at the beginning of the study was 3.3-4.9 times higher than the working time for repair in the years during the study.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Caries prevalence in 12-year-old children in Ljubljana in 1970 and 1985.

In Yugoslavia accurate data on the caries trend have not been available so far. In the present study, we have compared the caries status of 12-yr-old children in the years 1970 and 1985. Dental examinations in both surveys were carried out by the same examiner. Each survey included about 150 children of similar socioeconomic background, attending the same three schools in Ljubljana. The average number of DMFT per child decreased from 8.15 in 1970 to 5.03 in 1985 (38.3%), and the average number of DMFS decreased from 17.25 in 1970 to 7.80 in 1985 (54.8%). The number of carious surfaces per tooth dropped from 2.12 in 1970 to 1.55 in 1985. The greatest decline occurred on the approximal surfaces (78.3%), whereas the involvement of occlusal, lingual, and buccal surfaces decreased by about 40%.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Variable incidence of nickel dermatitis.

The incidence of nickel sensitivity in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, was stable in the periods 1972-1976 (6.7%) and 1977-1981 (6.3%). An increase became apparent when the incidence rose to 8.0% in 1982, and 9.1% in 1982-1986. The sex ratio in 1972-1976 was 2:1 with a female predominance, doubling to 4:1 in 1977-1981 and doubling again to 9:1 in 1982-1986. The highest incidence was in the age groups of 11-20 and 21-30 years. Nickel remains a rare cause of occupational dermatitis. Cheap metal jewelry is the likely source of the increased incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ochratoxin A contamination of foodstuffs in an area with Balkan (endemic) nephropathy.

Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic fungal metabolite (mycotoxin) occurring in foodstuffs. The compound is causally associated with mycotoxic porcine nephropathy, a disease comparable with a human kidney disease, Balkan (endemic) nephropathy. A survey of 768 samples of foodstuffs (cereals and bread), locally produced in an area of Yugoslavia where Balkan (endemic) nephropathy is prevalent, has revealed that ochratoxin A is constantly present in parts of foodstuffs. The mean frequency of ochratoxin A contamination of cereals in the study period was 8.7 per cent, but a pronounced annual variation was encountered, with frequencies of contamination up to 43 per cent. These contamination frequencies are higher than those reported elsewhere for foodstuffs for human consumption. Thus further evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that ochratoxin A might by a disease determinant of Balkan (endemic) nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1962

Fermentation of the Yugoslavian pickled cabbage.

In Yugoslavia, cabbage is preserved by fermentation using a variety of methods. Bacteriological study of these fermentations has shown that the relative influence of the various lactic acid producing bacteria varies somewhat with the method of preservation. The heterofermenters, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus brevis, exert a greater effect when cabbage is shredded than when the whole heads are packed in salt brine. Whole heads of cabbage preserved by fermentation in salt brine are a good source of ascorbic acid and provide a flavorful food.

Brassica↗
PubMed1998

Antigenic and molecular characterization of wild type 1 poliovirus causing outbreaks of poliomyelitis in Albania and neighboring countries in 1996.

Mass vaccination has led poliomyelitis to become a rare disease in a large part of the world, including Western Europe. However, in the past 20 years wild polioviruses imported from countries where polio is endemic have been responsible for outbreaks in otherwise polio-free European countries. We report on the characterization of poliovirus isolates from a large outbreak of poliomyelitis that occurred in Albania in 1996 and that also spread to the neighboring countries of Yugoslavia and Greece. The epidemics involved 145 subjects, mostly young adults, and caused persisting paralysis in 87 individuals and 16 deaths. The agent responsible for the outbreak was isolated from 74 patients and was identified as wild type 1 poliovirus by both immunological and molecular methods. Sequence analysis of the genome demonstrated the involvement of a single virus strain throughout the epidemics, and genotyping analysis showed 95% homology of the strain with a wild type 1 poliovirus strain isolated in Pakistan in 1995. Neutralization assays with both human sera and monoclonal antibodies were performed to analyze the antigenic structure of the epidemic strain, suggesting its peculiar antigenic characteristics. The presented data underline the current risks of outbreaks due to imported wild poliovirus and emphasize the need to improve vaccination efforts and also the need to implement surveillance in countries free of indigenous wild poliovirus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Collapsing health care in Serbia and Montenegro.

Serbia and Montenegro together form the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. As well as the Serb majority this includes the mixed province of Vojvodina, the mainly Albanian population in Kosovo, and the large Muslim minority in Sandzak. Since the start of war in 1991 the attention and sympathies of the world have focused on Bosnia and Croatia. The United Nations imposed economic sanctions on the federal republic in 1992, although in theory medical supplies and aid are exempt. The economy has now collapsed under the triple burden of war, loss of trade between the republics, and UN sanctions. A major public health catastrophe is unfolding in the federal republic.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1969

Human babesiosis in Ireland: further observations and the medical significance of this infection.

Three splenectomized persons in Yugoslavia, California, and Ireland have been reported to be infected by three different Babesia species; two cases were fatal. In a study of the site where the fatal infection was contracted in Ireland, blood samples from 36 persons who had recently been bitten by ticks were inoculated into two splenectomized calves; no response to Babesia divergens was detected. Field-collected Ixodes ricinus ticks inoculated into another splenectomized calf resulted in fever and recovery of the agent of tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophilia). This attempt to determine the presence of latent infection in human beings with intact spleens should be repeated on a larger scale in areas with a demonstrably high incidence of Babesia in ticks and animals. Few places in the world are free of piroplasms; their presence may present a hazard to splenectomized persons or to those whose splenic function is deficient.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Coronary heart disease incidence in northern and southern European populations: a reanalysis of the seven countries study for a European coronary risk chart.

OBJECTIVE: A systematic reanalysis of 10 year coronary heart disease incidence data from the northern and the southern European cohorts of the seven countries study, to contribute indirectly to the production of a European coronary risk chart. DESIGN AND SETTING: Men aged 40-59 years at entry were studied in three northern European cohorts based in Finland and Netherlands (n = 2213); and in 10 southern European cohorts based in Italy, former Yugoslavia, and Greece (n = 5897). Multiple logistic models for the prediction of coronary deaths, coronary incidence (hard criteria), and coronary incidence (any criterion) were solved for the two geographical groups and their pool. Risk factors fed into the models were age, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: 10 year coronary heart disease mortality and incidence were higher in northern than in southern Europe, with ratios around 2.65. Ratios among the three coronary heart disease manifestations were identical in the two cultural groupings. Coefficients of the multiple logistic models were similar and not significantly different between the two groupings. When applying the coefficients back to the same or the opposite population, the relative risk was large and similar in the different cultures. Relative risk was larger for more severe coronary heart disease manifestations. The absolute risk was overestimated when applying the northern European model to southern European populations and vice versa, with ratios of about 1.5 and 0.5, respectively. Coronary risk charts created to reproduce the shape of those incorporated in recent European guidelines confirmed the excess of absolute risk in the northern compared with the southern European cohorts, all else being equal. CONCLUSIONS: In theory, a more appropriate European coronary risk chart could be produced by adopting coefficients to correct for different background incidence rates in different cultures. Other coefficients could appropriately be used to transform mortality risk into incidence risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cardiovascular disease mortality in Belgrade: trends from 1975-89.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in cardiovascular disease mortality. DESIGN: This was a descriptive study analysing mortality data. SETTING: Belgrade, Yugoslavia. PARTICIPANTS: The population of Belgrade in the age group 30-69 years was studied (about 760,000 inhabitants). MEASUREMENTS: Mortality rates were standardised directly using those of the "European population" as the standard, and regression analysis was undertaken. MAIN RESULTS: Between 1975 and 1989 "all causes" mortality increased by 27% (95% confidence interval 18.5, 35.9) in men and by 19% (11.6, 27.1) in women. The increase in cardiovascular disease mortality was 7% (1.7, 11.5) for men and 4% (0.2, 7.8) for women. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease fell in both sexes by 32% (23.0, 41.0), but mortality from other heart diseases rose by 31% (22.0, 40.2) in men and 25% (16.2, 33.0) in women. In men the death rate for cerebrovascular disease increased by 37% (27.8, 46.8), but in women the rate fell by 0.4% (-0.8, 1.6). Mortality from the observed causes of death was higher in men than in women. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular mortality trends in Belgrade are similar to those in most eastern European countries. If the distribution of cigarette smoking and a "rich" diet in the Belgrade population is taken into account, a considerable decline in cardiovascular mortality trends cannot be expected in the near future.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Patient-physician relationship in the aftermath of war.

During the period of conflict that led to the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the Serbian healthcare system suffered greatly; as a result, relationships between physicians and their patients reached an all-time low. After cessation of the various wars, a group of medical students attempted to assess the state of the patient-physician relationship in Serbia. Their study showed a relationship characterised by very meek patients and rather arrogant physicians. Empowered by their engagement, the medical students constructed a set of standards for achieving a proper patient-physician relationship; physicians should be capable of hearing and understanding patients, with the result that the ensuing empowerment can enable patients and physicians to create a tool for changing the relationship between both parties.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of one tube osmotic fragility screening in detecting beta-thalassaemia trait.

The effectiveness of the one tube method of osmotic fragility with three buffered solutions (0.32% saline, 0.36% saline, and tyrode) as a screening test for beta-thalassaemia trait was evaluated in several groups of subjects from Greece, Yugoslavia, and Thailand. The results clearly demonstrated that 0.36% saline is the most sensitive and effective solution since it could detect 96 to 100% of heterozygotes with beta-thalassaemia, compared to about 80% with both 0.32% saline and tyrode. However, 0.36% saline gave false positive results in normal subjects and was also positive in haematological disorders which influence osmotic fragility. The screening test with 0.36% saline was applied more precisely in 1371 subjects. The test was false positive in 41 (9.1%) of 455 normal subjects while of 438 confirmed heterozygotes with beta-thalassaemia it was positive in 431 (98%) and negative in only seven (2%). The test was also found to be positive in 80% of patients with iron deficiency anaemia and alpha-thalassaemia trait, in 68% of patients with Hb E trait, in 40% of patients with Hb S trait, and in 78% of heterozygotes with rare haemoglobin variants. The increased sensitivity and effectiveness of 0.36% saline in detecting beta-thalassaemia trait and other disorders influencing osmotic fragility as compared to 0.32% saline and tyrode solutions was also confirmed in a study of 384 unselected schoolchildren.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Risk factors for gonorrhoea: case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To define risk factors for gonococcal infection. METHODS: A case-control study comparing 200 gonorrhoea cases with 400 patients with non-gonococcal genitourinary infections and 400 patients with various skin diseases, all of them attending City Department for Skin and Venereal Diseases In Belgrade (Yugoslavia) from October 1993 to December 1994. RESULTS: According to multivariate logistic regression analysis the following factors were significantly related to gonorrhoea in men: education level, sexual contact same day as meeting, condom use, history of prior gonorrhoea, and casual and/or new sex partner in the past month. Age, sexual contact same day as meeting, number of partners in the past year, and frequency of sexual intercourse in the past month were independently, significantly related to gonorrhoea in women. Also, in females, gonorrhoea was significantly more frequent in industrial workers and supported people. CONCLUSION: Since sexual behaviour, low education level, younger ages, and low socioeconomic status were found to be related to gonococcal infection, health education at early age seems to be the most appropriate means of altering high risk behaviour.

Adolescent↗