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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Performance decrement due to altered vision while wearing a respiratory face mask.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine performance decrement due to altered vision while wearing a respiratory face mask. Lenses clouded to visual acuities of 20/64, 20/38, 20/34, 20/28, 20/23, 20/20, and 20/15 were applied to each mask while subjects performed a battery of vision tests involving tracking and hand-eye coordination skills. Generally, performance decrement followed a significant curvilinear pattern as visual acuity worsened. These findings warrant the need to investigate the transfer of this performance decrement to skills that are inherent to military-type tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Strabismus and pseudostrabismus (author's transl)].

The method of clinical examination on binocular sensory-motor connection used in the children of less than three years of age for early detection of strabismus, is used in cats. A number of common and Siamese cats were examined under the same conditions. The clinical results lead to the following conclusions: -- Contrary to general opinion, Siamese cats do not show strabismus and their binocular sensory-motor connection is well developed. -- The common cat does not show strabismus but demonstrates an exophoria or latent divergent strabismus. Their binocular sensory connections seem rather rudimentary. Though these studies have been stated categorically they are the result of clinical examination only and not of a mathematical accuracy. The veracity of these methods is confirmed by the findings in children of three years when examined by subjective methods. However, the use of experimental methods would be useful to confirm or to deny these data.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical study on optic neuropathy and retinopathy subsequent to radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of optic neuropathy and retinopathy subsequent to radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Sixty-eight eyes from 34 patients with fundus disease and visual disturbance after NPC radiotherapy were studied by vision testing, fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and computer analysis of visual field. RESULTS: There were two types of fundus diseases: optic neuropathy and retinopathy. The former mainly showed edema, pale and atrophy of the optic disc. The latter showed mainly cotton-wool spots, bleeding, abnormal vessels or maculopathy of the retina. In 65.7% (22/34) of the patients fundus disease and visual disturbance occurred within 3 years after radiotherapy. FFA revealed that 88.1% (59/67) of the cases showed intense fluorescence, 65.7% of the cases (44/67) showed extensive flaw on macula, 71.9% of the cases (53/67) showed microaneurysm, and 53.7% of the cases (36/67) showed lack of perfusion of the retinal capillary network. Visual field test showed quadrant defect and irregular scotoma. CONCLUSIONS: Early damage of the fundus subsequent to radiotherapy of NPC is the occlusion of capillary vessels or microcirculation, followed by occlusion of the small artery or vein, which causes chronic anoxemia on the optic disk, the macula, and the retina. The atrophy of the optic nerve, ischemic maculopathy, and retinal neo-vascular membrane may cause hemorrhage in the vitreous and retinal detachment, which can result in blindness. These changes are similar to the changes of ischemic optic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy, which might offer a clue about the prevention and treatment of fundus damage subsequent to radiotherapy of NPC.

Adult↗
PubMed1950

Emmetropia.

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Emmetropia↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of utilization of preventive services for infants in Israel--personal and organizational determinants].

UNLABELLED: Preventive services for prenatal and child health care were established 85 years ago by Henrietta Szold, president of the Women's Zionist Organization of America. A network of 1200 Mother and Child-Care clinics (known as "Tipat Halav") has developed as a result of this initiative. Preventive services are provided by the Ministry of Health, municipalities and recently, by all four Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO's) in Israel. OBJECTIVES: To assess the utilization and satisfaction of preventive health services during infancy. METHODS: The sample consisted of Jewish and Arab women who gave birth during March 2000. A total of 667 Jewish and 211 Arab mothers were interviewed after their infants reached the age of 15-19 months. The response rate was 92% and 88% respectively. RESULTS: It was found that 96% of the Jewish women and 100% of the Arab women utilized "Tipat Halav" services. Preventive services were provided mainly by the Ministry of Health and municipalities, while HMO's provided service to 15% of the Jewish infants and 19% of the Arab infants. Nine percent of the infants were not, examined by a physician within the framework of the preventive service, but all infants had health supervision by a nurse. Overall, 25% of the Jewish infants and 32% of the Arab infants had 11 or more visits with the nurse. It was observed that mothers with a higher educational level and those with many children began the process of health supervision at a later stage and visited the clinic less frequently. The number of visits to all health services combined, from birth to 15-19 months, was 26 for Jewish and 28 for Arab infants, indicating over-utilization and dependence. However, the performance of hearing and vision tests was inadequate. Referral to orthopedics was 41% for Jewish and 11% for Arab infants. The level of satisfaction with the service was high, with scores mostly above 3.0 out of a maximum of a total of 4.0 points. CONCLUSIONS: The preventive services provided by the different agencies do not differ significantly except in the case of private physicians and voluntary organizations in East Jerusalem, which do not comply with the recommended routines. RECOMMENDATIONS: Our recommendations include raising the compliance and performance of screening tests and defining the policy of referral to orthopedic services. Furthermore, the clinics should provide more outreach to high-risk families in order to optimize their utilization of services and compliance.

Arabs↗