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Results for “Verbal Behavior”

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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Maternal regulation of children's problem-solving behavior and its impact on children's performance.

This study focused on a social interaction theory of the development of cognitive self-regulation. Specifically, the effect of mother-child interaction on the child's ability to problem solve was investigated. The general predictions were (1) children who interacted with their mothers throughout a problem-solving task would subsequently exhibit improved independent performance over practice-control children, who received corrective feedback from a female experimenter at the end of the task; (2) mothers would be more responsible for task activities, would more often regulate their child's task behaviors, and offer more specific verbal content when task demands on child competence increased than when they decreased. 60 3- and 5-year-olds either worked with their mothers or practiced alone and were given corrective feedback on a sorting task in which miniature pieces of furniture were placed in a doll house. As predicted, children who interacted with their mothers subsequently created more correct, adult-like groupings independently than children who received corrective feedback. Mothers displayed more task responsibility and regulation with younger children and when task demands on children of both age groups increased. Maternal verbal content became less specific when task demands decreased. Child performance was related to (1) variation in maternal regulation of the child; and (2) degree of specificity of maternal verbal content.

Child Development↗
PubMed1976

Employing task arrangements and verbal contingencies to promote verbalizations between retarded children.

This study investigated the effects of arranging task events for interdependence, to increase the probability of social responding. During task interdependence, the subjects, participating in dyads and a four-person group, obtained task materials (a puzzle piece) from their partner before completing their task (appropriately placing the puzzle piece). The verbal contingency required a verbal request to precede a subject's receiving a task material from his partner. The verbal contingency yoked with task interdependence made task completion contingent on the appropriate verbalization. The findings from two experiments suggested that task interdependence was sufficient to increase partner-directed verbalizations for three of the four subjects. When the verbal contingency was added, all subjects increased their requests and other verbalizations to partner. Applied to a four-person group, the verbal contingency yoked with varying levels of task interdependence correspondingly affected the pattern and level of group communications. The greater the task interdependence, i.e., the more members each subject depended on to complete his task, the more complex the social network of verbal contacts, and the higher the level of both requests and other verbalizations for the group.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Conversations with mothers and siblings: young children's semantic and conceptual development.

This study compared teaching and learning measures of 16 mother-child and sibling dyads playing a picture categorization game. Target children (mean age = 3 years 11 months) participated in 2 separate sessions, 1 with their mother and 1 with their older sibling (mean age = 6 years 11 months). Although siblings' teaching styles directed target children to make the correct choices, mothers provided information to help target children make choices on their own. Mothers labeled objects and categories more than siblings. Although target children scored higher with siblings than with mothers, this was because siblings categorized about half of the pictures themselves. Target children labeled objects and categories more with mothers than with siblings. These findings suggest important differences in how mothers and siblings interpreted the goals of the task, offering target children different teaching styles from which to learn.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Induction of a visual symbolic rule in children with specific language impairment.

In a design modeled after that of Connell and Stone (1992), two alternative instructional conditions (Modeling and Imitation) were used to teach a novel morpheme to a group of 21 children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) (ages 5:0 to 6:11) and to 25 age- and ability-matched peers and 21 language-matched younger peers. In contrast to the use of the auditory modality in the Connell and Stone study, in the present study, the morphemes were embodied in a visual symbol system. The objects and meanings conveyed by the symbols were identical to those used in the earlier study. The present results indicated that both the children with SLI and their age-matched peers showed a benefit to their morpheme production from the requirement to imitate the use of the morpheme during learning trials. These results were interpreted as indicating that the group-specific benefit from imitation instruction on the part of the children with SLI found by Connell and Stone with their auditory task is unique to morpheme learning in the auditory modality. As in the earlier study, the children with SLI also tended to learn less than their age-matched peers in all conditions, indicating a possible general deficiency with symbolic rule induction.

Child↗