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PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of an aerobic exercise training program on quality of life in type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise training on quality of life (QOL) and selected physiological parameters in previously sedentary persons with diabetes. METHODS: A quality-of-life survey (SF36v2 health survey) and measurement of physiological parameters were completed before and after 10 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training 3 days a week for 20 to 45 minutes by subjects with diabetes (n = 9) and control subjects (n = 10). Nontraining subjects with diabetes (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 10) also completed the QOL survey at equivalent times. RESULTS: Participants in all groups had similar characteristics. A training effect was evident in exercisers, with an increase in lactate threshold and a decrease in percent body fat for both groups. Training did not affect body mass index or interstitial nitric oxide levels. Physical and mental component scores on the QOL survey in the training and nontraining groups did not differ significantly before or after the training, and diabetes status had no significant effect on these scores. CONCLUSIONS: No physiological changes were significantly associated with scores on the SF36v2 health survey. In addition, neither training nor the presence of type 2 diabetes significantly affected the physical or mental component scores on the QOL survey.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Experiences with a diet-training program in patients with obesity associated diseases including follow-up].

In 158 inpatients (61 m., 97 f.) with obesity-associated diseases were performed a diet-training-programme for about four weeks. We used a PSMF (protein sparing modified fasting) as a 350 kcal diabetic mixed diet, adequate to 4 carbohydrate units (40g carbohydrate, 30g protein, 5g fat) with weekly tea-vegetable-days, additionally wheat brain. The training programme was adapted individually. Reexamination were made by questionnaires and diabetic control cards concerning the body weight. The favourable influence of blood pressure and metabolism was registered. The diet schedule consist natural foodstuffs, fibers, minerals and vitamins. It can be varied, is very effective especially in combination with exercise. The middle term results are rather good more for women than men. Our diet-training-programme can be recommended for outpatients as well as for cures.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1994

An evaluation of a smoking cessation training program for medical residents in an inner-city hospital.

Thirty-four medical residents at a hospital serving a predominantly black inner-city area were trained to counsel their patients to quit smoking. They were tested before the training session and again 4 months later with questionnaires assessing smoking knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice. The training consisted of two 1-hour lectures, printed materials, and a 1.5-hour Objective Simulated Clinical Exam. Most of the residents were males (88.2%), in internal medicine (87.5%), under the age of 35 (79.4%), and foreign-born (76.5%). Asians (44.1%) comprised the largest racial group, followed by whites (29.4%) and blacks (20.6%). The impact of the training was assessed by comparing the pre- and posttests using paired Student's t tests. Overall score increased from 69.3 to 89.1 (P = .0001) out of a maximum of 131. Scores increased significantly for attitudes and beliefs (38 to 52; P = .0001), knowledge (5.3 to 6.6; P = .0001), and usual practices with smoking patients (25 to 30; P = .002). These data provide evidence that training increased the confidence, motivation, and reported practice of these residents in intervening with their patients, the majority of whom are black. This has special significance because physicians are least likely to advise black patients and those in lower socioeconomic groups to quit smoking. The demographic profile of our residents is characteristic of many inner-city hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementing interpersonal psychotherapy in a psychiatry residency training program.

OBJECTIVE: Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for depression is a brief, well researched treatment for acute major depression. This article describes the implementation of IPT as an evidence-based treatment for depression in a psychiatry residency program. METHOD: The authors tracked the implementation process over 5 years as interpersonal psychotherapy was systematically incorporated into residency training. RESULTS: The authors outline key ingredients for and challenges to effecting change. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of interpersonal psychotherapy in psychiatry residency training was a cornerstone for learning evidence-based treatment approaches as well as for conveying core psychotherapy concepts.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2006

Implementation and evaluation of a training program for the management of sexual assault in the emergency department.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs have improved the quality of care for sexual assault victims. An adverse effect of these programs is reduced resident clinical exposure to victims of sexual assault. The objectives of this project are to determine the baseline level of resident competence in knowledge and management of sexual assault and to demonstrate the effectiveness of training in developing resident competence. METHODS: The study included 27 emergency medicine residents at an urban academic center with an active SANE program. The design included pretest, intervention, and retest at 6 months. The intervention included 8 hours of lecture, role play, and skills laboratories. Objectives were based on SANE standards. The 4 assessments were a written knowledge test, evidence collection on mannequin, standardized patient interviews, and a written emergency department note. Data were compared with paired t tests. RESULTS: Twenty-three (85%) residents completed the study. Preintervention, residents scored 56% on the written knowledge test, 63% on evidence collection, 71% on standardized patient interviews, and 66% on the written note. Residents showed significant postintervention improvements in written knowledge (improvement 24%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 20% to 27%) and evidence collection (improvement 18%; 95% CI 12% to 24%). Performance on standardized patient-based communication skills did not change after the intervention. Resident posttest scores were similar to those of SANE providers. CONCLUSION: Emergency medicine residents training in an urban center with an active SANE program had limited knowledge and skills in the treatment of victims of sexual assault. Our multimodal educational intervention increased residents' knowledge and evidence collection skills to levels equivalent to that of experienced providers in a SANE program.

Academic Medical Centers↗