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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

CT and MRI of the ear and temporal bone: current state of the art and future prospects.

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become the radiographic investigations of choice for the vast majority of ear and temporal bone disorders. CT provides excellent images of bone and is indicated where osseous changes are of greatest diagnostic importance. MRI is superior in the evaluation of the eighth nerve complex and the central nervous system. Anticipated future advances include the production of three-dimensional images, more rapid scan times permitting dynamic (cine) studies, and the imaging of labeled chemical markers with insights into physiologic derangements.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Giant osteoblastoma of temporal bone. Case report.

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon bone tumor accounting for approximately 1% of all bone tumors. There are only 35 cases of skull osteoblastoma reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 23 year old male with a giant osteoblastoma of temporal bone submitted to a total removal of the tumor after an effective embolization of all external carotid branches. The authors discuss diagnostic and management aspects of this uncommon skull tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Osteoblastoma of the temporal bone presenting as facial paralysis.

Osteoblastomas of the head region are rare lesions. This paper describes a case of a 4-year-old child with an osteoblastoma of the temporal bone presenting as a facial paralysis. Only 6 previous cases have been reported and none with nerve involvement. A review of the tumor, its differential diagnosis, clinical course and management is presented.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Role of imaging in temporal bone and cerebellopontine-angle lesions. A surgeon's perspective.

In recent years, with the advances in imaging technology, the gold standard for diagnosis of lesions of the temporal bone and cerebellopontine angle has shifted from histologic identification of the lesion from surgical specimens or autopsy material to noninvasive identification, localization, and characterization of the tissue by imaging. The symptoms caused by such lesions usually provide clues as to their location and probable nature. Clinical tests such as the vestibular evaluation, audiometry, auditory brain stem response, and otoacoustic emissions further help with topodiagnosis of the lesion. If this information is covered to the neuroradiologist, the most diagnostically productive imaging study can be obtained, and the neuroradiologist will apply the most appropriate technical parameters necessary for any individual patient. An eclectic algorithm can be applied for each clinical situation, and illustrative examples are provided in the article. The algorithms will no doubt change with advances in diagnostic tests. Application of imaging studies without adequate clinical investigations often makes the task of interpreting the scans difficult for the neuroradiologist. Furthermore, the positive diagnostic yield from a widespread use of imaging technology is small and would be considered an inappropriate use of health care dollars.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mechanoacoustic properties of the tympanic membrane: a study on isolated Mongolian gerbil temporal bones.

In order to study the mechanical properties of the tympanic membrane in diseased ears, we have designed and evaluated an experimental tympanometric model. Isolated temporal bones of healthy Mongolian gerbils were studied with a Grason-Stadler 1723 typanometer in two-component admittance measurements with probe tones of 220 and 660 Hz. The normal tympanometric curve is described, and the validity and reproducibility of the model are assessed. The morphology of the gerbil tympanic membrane is described and compared with those of other species. Various alterations were produced in the middle ear, and it was found that tympanometry showed high sensitivity for tympanic membrane stiffness but not for mass changes. The condition of the pars flaccida did not significantly influence admittance, which was also resistant to osmotic challenge to the membrane. Ossicular chain disruption caused an increased admittance, whereas malleus fixation, without affecting the tympanic membrane itself, caused a pronounced reduction. The tympanometric patterns during tympanic membrane mass increase, and with hypertrophic myringeal scars and perforations were also determined. We conclude that tympanometry in the in vitro middle ear of gerbils offers possibilities for studying changes of the tympanic membrane physiology in disease.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2000

Childhood temporal bone osteoblastoma: a case report.

Osteoblastoma is a rare primary tumor of the bone. Its sites of predilection are the vertebrae and the long bones. Occurrence in the skull is rare. The authors describe an unusual case of osteoblastoma occurring in the temporal bone of a child. Interestingly, although the clinical and radiological features were suggestive of an aggressive lesion, the histological features were consistent with that of a benign tumor. Although generally regarded as benign, osteoblastoma has potential for recurrence, local invasion, and, rarely, malignant transformation. As such, complete resection, whenever possible, is preferred over conventional curettage.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the temporal bone: clinical report.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck in young children, but it is a rare entity in the temporal bone. We have detailed our experiences with two of our patients who had tumor in this site. Both were under the age of 2 years. One child had 6th and 7th nerve paralysis. The clinical features associated with these tumors and available treatment are reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Histopathological study on temporal bone and eustachian tube in trisomy 22.

Two temporal bone-eustachian tube (ET) specimens, one from a 34-gestational week-old male newborn and the other from a 3-month-old female infant, both with trisomy 22, were studied histopathologically. Both cases demonstrated severe inner-ear anomalies including hypoplastic cochlea, atrophy of the saccular macula, and dislocated endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct. In addition, they had several anomalies in the ET including widely developed medial lamina of the ET cartilage, undeveloped lateral lamina of the ET cartilage, and absence of attachment of the tensor veli palatini muscle to the ET cartilage. We discuss the implications of the observed anomalies with regard to developmental and clinical issues.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Osteoclastoma of the petrous temporal bone.

This paper has described an unusual case of osteoclastoma of the petrous temporal bone which presented with multiple cranial neuropathies. A radical course of radiotherapy reversed the neuropathies but it is too early to comment on possible cure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meningiomas presenting in the paranasal sinuses and temporal bone.

Head and neck meningiomas are primarily intracranial neoplasms; they rarely present in extracranial locations. Two cases of meningiomas in the paranasal sinuses and seven cases in the temporal bone are described. The pathology, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, and therapy are discussed. It is stressed that intracranial components of such meningiomas be sought and, as appropriate, treated.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[On the elasticity of the ligamentum anulare. Experimental investigations into human temporal bone preparations with the help of an electromagnetic probe (author's transl)].

An electromagnetic probe was used to investigate the elasticity of the ligamentum anulare in human temporal bone preparations. The static measurement showed with preserved auditory ossicles but without tympanic membrane an average displacement of 37--41 micron at a pressure of 10 mN. Five different points of measurement did not lead to any significant differences; we must assume that the elastic properties of the ligamentum anulare are completely equal. After the removal of the malleus and incus, the displacement increased by only 2.2 micron, by another 4.2 micron if the stapes tendon was severed. Under these circumstances, too, a completely even elongation is proved to occur in all sections of the ligamentum anulare. Different pressures lead to a no-load characteristic which is linear in the 5--20 mN range, suggesting excellent elastic properties of the ligamentum anulare. From these data we may assume that the oscillation behavior of the basis stapedis approaches that of a membrane pump, with a linear transmission of great oscillation amplitudes possible.

Elasticity↗
PubMed2005

Reduction of radiation dose at HRCT of the temporal bone in children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to reduce the radiation exposure of the eye lens in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone using an experimental phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HRCT image that was used for analysis was obtained by changing parameters including effective-mAs (E-mAs), distance coverage, and height of object in the Y-axis. Radiation exposure was measured to calculate equivalent doses by glass rod dosimeters that were fixed above the right orbit parallel to the body axis. Deterioration in image quality was evaluated by three radiologists and the following three-point rating method was employed: grade 1 (good image quality without diagnostic limitations), grade 2 (image was deteriorated, but there were no diagnostic limitations), and grade 3 (image was deteriorated with diagnostic limitations). RESULTS: Assuming that the equivalent dose was y (mSv), and E-mAs was x, a simple regression line, y=0.506x-0.494 (decision coefficient, R2=0.999), was obtained. A standard deviation (S.D.) less than 120 (E-mAs, 220-120) was judged as grade 1, an S.D. between 120 and 150 was judged as grade 2, and an S.D. higher than 150 was judged as grade 3, indicating that deterioration of the quality of images with reduced E-mAs affected the diagnosis by imaging at S.D. higher than 150. CONCLUSION: Radiation dose at the eye lens in HRCT could be reduced up to an equivalent dose corresponding to 70 mAs without compromising diagnostic quality in the phantom experiment.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: report of a case and a review of its characteristics.

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon benign disorder of unknown etiology. It represents a disturbance of normal bone development--specifically a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation that originates in the mesenchymal precursor of the bone. Because fibrous dysplasia shows a predilection for the facial and cranial bones, where it causes deformity and dysfunction, the disease is of particular interest to the otolaryngologist. In this paper, we report a case of fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone, the first symptom of which was a mixed hearing loss. We discuss the characteristic features of this specific location of the disease, the differential diagnosis, and the treatment policy. We also address the issue of secondary sensorineural hearing loss.

Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone↗