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PubMed1981

Localized hepatic necrosis related to cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii.

An unusual hepatic lesion due to both cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii was described in a patient with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy treated by predonin. The lesion was a single well-defined area measuring 1.5 x 1.0 x 0.5 cm of confluent severe hepatic necrosis with multiple cytomegalic inclusion cells and numerous tokoplasmas. The remaining liver had no liver cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, or evidence of either cytomegalovirus infection or toxoplasmosis. These findings suggested us the possibility of symbiosis and synergism of cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii in the liver. Additionally, this was the first demonstration of cytomegalovirus in liver cells by electron microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The effect of passively transferred heterologous serum on Toxoplasma gondii in NMRI mice. Influence of the treatment on course of infection and cyst formation.

Anti-Toxoplasma serum from rabbits or normal Toxoplasma negative serum from humans was administered to NMRI mice by intraperitoneal, intravenous or oral routes. Transfer of immune serum intrapertioneally 48 hours before lethal challenge with cyst forming Alt strain conferred significant resistance to normal recipients as assessed by a 55% reduction in the number of brain cysts and 89% survival rate. Survivors of the groups receiving oral administration of immune or normal serum 48 hours prior to challenge also showed a reduction in the number of brain cysts of 50% and 21% respectively. Animals given immune serum by intrapertioneal or oral routes 48 hours after, or a small intravenous dose one day before challenge showed higher survival rates in comparison to controls but had an "enchancement" of infection as revealed by increased number of brain cysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Molecular weight analysis of soluble antigens from Toxoplasma gondii.

Ultrasonicated Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) tachyzoites were fractionated into a water-soluble and a deoxycholate-soluble fraction. Polyclonal immune mouse serum was prepared by challenging chronically-infected mice with viable RH strain tachyzoites. The parasite fractions were labelled with 125I, and the radio-labelled antigens were precipitated by the immune mouse serum or a monoclonal anti-Toxoplasma antibody (FMC 20), that reacts only in the indirect hemagglutination antibody test. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of the immunoprecipitates showed that the water-soluble fraction contained 10 antigenic polypeptides, and the deoxycholate-soluble fraction contained seven antigenic peptides. The FMC 20 reacted against a 98,000-dalton antigen that was present in the water-soluble fraction only.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence and public health significance of Toxoplasma gondii in indigenous meat animals in the Niger Delta.

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in indigenous meat animals in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was measured by serological examination of antibody using the Sabin-Feldman dye-test. Of 300 each of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs examined, 32.8%, 75.2%, 81.6% and 69.2% respectively, possessed significant antibody titres. These results indicate that there exists within meat animals in this area, a considerable reservoir of Toxoplasma which has the potential for transmission as zoonosis to man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immuno-electron microscopy study of Toxoplasma gondii. II. Study of IgM antibodies].

This paper deals with an immunoelectron microscopic study of the localization of IgM vector on the membrane of Toxoplasma gondii using the antibody at the early period of infection. The primary antibody was IgM antibody obtained from rabbit's serum 11 days after the infection of Beverley strain of Toxoplasma gondii from which IgG was absorbed by protein A containing staphylococcus. Ferritine-labeled antibody against rabbit's IgM was used as the secondary antibody. The surface of normal tachyzoites is smooth with two layered plasma membrane. The outer layer shows a three-layer structure which is not found in the inner membrane. The inner membrane is discontinuous with partially lost portion at the head of the tachyzoites. Structure within plasma include conoid toxonems, dark staining vacuoles and nucleus. By reacting with the ferritin-labeled antibody, ferritin particles were found on all over the circumference of the tachyzoites depositing on the surface of the outer plasma membrane, but few on the inner plasma membrane and organelles. It implies that IgM receptors are localized on the membrane surface similarly with our preceding report.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The occurrence of toxoplasma gondii in saliva.

The role of saliva in transmission of experimental toxoplasmosis has been evaluated. Three groups of rabbits were infected with 6 X 10(6), 24 X 10(9) 96 X 10(9) toxoplasmic trophozoites. The saliva was drawn with a sterile aspirator on different days from infection and it was intraperitoneally injected in mice. Mice so injected with saliva were examined for intraperitoneal trophozoites or toxoplasmic cysts in brain. Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated in saliva in 33% of toxoplasma infected rabbits. The possible role of saliva in natural transmission of acquired toxoplasmic infection is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Studies on the activity of Obioactin with acetylspiramycin on mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

In acutely infected mice, acetylspiramycin (ASPM) administered in combination with Obioactin , or sulfamethoxypyrazine ( SMPZ ), prevented Toxoplasma organisms from encysting in the brain and heart tissues. When administered alone, ASPM prevented these organisms from encysting in the heart but not in the brain. All the regimens used failed to reduce the bulk of parasites in the brain and heart tissues of chronically infected mice. Treatment with an ASPM- Obioactin combination, however, brought about the most remarkable reduction, or 52.4%, of the cyst count in the brain of all the methods of treatment applied. Light and electron microscopy of the mice with chronic Toxoplasma infection revealed no changes in the brain or heart tissue of the ASPM- Obioactin treated mice and degenerative changes in the cyst wall and bradyzoites and a remarkable increase of microglias with cysts in the brain in some of these mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Immunoenzyme test with whole trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii].

In a comparative study 151 human sera were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in the Fluorescent-Antibody-Test (FAT) as well as in the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using the same antigen (whole trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii). A positive correlation was found between the results obtained in FAT and ELISA. The detection of specific IgG antibodies revealed a correlation of 100% and 97.5% in positive and negative sera, respectively. Only 8 out of 111 positive sera showed deviations of more than +/- 1 step within the titre ranges. While detecting specific IgM antibodies a highly significant correlation (99.3%) between FAT and ELISA was obtained for negative sera. 5 positive IgM sera showed titre end-points of 1:64 and 1 serum an end-point titre of 1:256 in FAT as well as in ELISA; however, a comparison was not done because of the small amount of positive IgM sera having been available.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Penetration of chick embryo erythrocytes by toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in simplified incubation media.

The ability of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to penetrate chick embryo erythrocytes (CEE) and the extent of penetration were examined in various simplified, incubation media. Toxoplasma gondii penetrated CEE well in serum-free Eagle's minimum essential medium or in Hanks' balanced salt solution, but much less in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). However, the addition of glucose alone to PBS substantially increased the penetration. A similar effect was seen with other monosaccharides, except galactose. A further, marked increase in penetration was noticed if magnesium ion (but not calcium ion) was added to PBS containing glucose. The present results indicate that T. gondii can penetrate CEE well in simplified incubation solutions such as PBS only when magnesium ion and a monosaccharide are added. Their possible role is discussed in relation to cellular adhesiveness, because the adherence of the parasite to the host cell membrane may be the first step in the penetration process.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative survival of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in pepsin and in trypsin solutions.

Bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii survived in pepsin solutions and in trypsin solutions. After 120 minutes in trypsin solution at 37 C, infectivity of bradyzoites for mice was reduced 100-fold, whereas in pepsin solution there was no reduction in infectivity. Tachyzoites survived in trypsin, but after 15 and 60 minutes' incubation at 37 C, there was a 100,000-fold reduction in infectivity titer. Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated in mice inoculated with experimentally infected goat brain digested in pepsin and in trypsin solutions, but not in mice inoculated with undigested brain of the same goat. Seemingly, tissues should be digested in pepsin solution to isolate T gondii from chronically infected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Indirect hemagglutination test for detection of toxoplasma antibodies (author's transl)].

A micromethod with stable reagents for the simple and rapid detection of toxoplasma antibodies with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) is presented. The results obtained with this method are compared with the titers in the dye test and complement-fixation test and with two IHAT-kits recently offered by commercial firms. We propose to use the IHAT as a supplementary reaction to the methods commonly in use. The relationship between the Sabin-Feldman dye test and IHAT is dependent upon the stage of infection. A very good agreement is obtained with latent toxoplasma infections. On the contrary with some new infections (up to 6 months) the IHAT titer is clearly lower than the dye test titer. This discrepancy opens the possibility of determining the infection stage with a single serum-sample.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Repeat transplacental transfer of Toxoplasma gondii in dairy goats.

Six dogs inoculated with the GT-1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii aborted or gave birth to kids transplacentally infected with T gondii. In the next breeding season, does were bred to a T gondii-negative buck. Four of the 6 does gave birth to kids not infected with T gondii. At 139 days after breeding, 1 doe gave birth to 3 kids infected with T gondii. Kid 1 was born alive but died within 1 hour of birth; kid 2 was born dead; and kid 3 was born weak then euthanatized 1 day after birth. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from fetal cotyledons and brain, heart, lung, liver, thigh muscle, and spinal cord of each kid. Microscopically, evidence of interstitial nodular pneumonia, hepatic necrosis, nonsuppurative myositis, myocarditis, and encephalitis was found in each kid. The 6th doe aborted 2 disintegrated fetuses at about 3 months of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and oocysts in pound-source cats.

The overall prevalence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 87 pound-source cats from the state of Washington was 31%; its was 41% for stray cats and 28% for owner-relinquished cats. Approximately 60% of the 27 seropositive cats had dye-test titers greater than or equal to 1:256. Oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii were not observed in fecal specimens from 73 of the cats. It was concluded that the high antibody titers, indicative of recently acquired infection, could result in increased risk to persons handling tissues of such cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Prophylactic effect of tea on pathogenic microorganism infections to humans and animals. (II). Protozoacidal effect on Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and mice.

The trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii strain (RH) obtained from the peritoneal exudate of infected mice were treated with tea in various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3 and 5% for 0.5, 1 and 3 hours, respectively. After treatment, they were intraperitoneally inoculated into the mice to observe the protozoacidal effect of tea. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Oolong tea and green tea had stronger protozoacidal effect than black tea. 2) The lowest and effective concentration of tea tested to kill Toxoplasma was 0.5%. 3) A half hour was not enough for tea in any concentration tested to kill the parasites completely. 4) Phosphate buffer solution and normal saline were unable to destroy the protozoa, but distilled water could destroy them like tea.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Preparation of purified toxoplasma gondii suspensions.

Simple methods for the preparation of purified suspensions of T. gondii zoites from mouse peritoneal exudate and HeLa tissue cultures are described. The suspensions from the mouse peritoneal exudate were prepared by mechanical disintegration of host cells and tryptic digestion. The average yield of purified Toxoplasma was 78%, with average purity of 99.96%. The suspensions from the tissue cultures were prepared by differential centrifugation and tryptic digestion. The average yield of Toxoplasma was 67% with average purity of 99.67%. An advantage of these procedures is their feasibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Parasitemia and tissue infection in sheep fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in blood and other tissues of nine adult sheep experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts was studied by inoculation of mice with ovine tissues. Parasitemia was detected in five sheep 6 to 11 days after inoculation (DAI) and lasting usually for 1 to 2 days. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from numerous internal organs of five sheep killed between 7 and 28 DAI and from eight organs of a sheep killed 64 DAI. Of the three sheep killed 117, 118, and 119 DAI, T. gondii was isolated only from brain, heart, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and intestine. Skeletal muscle was infected in all sheep. More mice became infected after inoculation with chronically infected tissues digested in 1% trypsin than undigested tissues. Results indicate that skeletal muscle and brain should be used for parasitological surveys in sheep.

Animals↗